• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.991-1002
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of desensitizing agents applied on hypersensitive root surface following periodontal treatment. This study included 21 subjects(168 vital teeth). To evaluate dentin sensitivity, three clinical tests(tactile, air stream, cold water) were tried and three different densensitizing agents(MS coat, Elmex gel. Superseal) were individually applied. After application, reassessment was done at 1 minute, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. The results were as follows : 1. The degree of dentin sensitivity was measured highly in the sequence of cold water, air stream and tactile and significantly decreased in all four groups with lapse of time(p<0.05). 2. There was no significant difference between all four groups in the tactile test with lapse of time. 3. There was no significant difference between three experimental groups in the air stream test with lapse of time. however, one minute later, it was measured highly in the sequence of Superseal, MS coat and Elmex 4. There was no significant difference between three experimental groups in the cold water test with lapse of time. As a result of this study, all of three agents were significantly effective in reducing dentin hypersensitivity and these agents could be positively employed to patients complaining of dentin hypersensitivity following periodontal treatment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.601-606
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• 2009

Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) is a genetic disorder which retards the development of enamel and it can be classified into three types: hypoplastic, hypomaturation, hypocalcified type. This can occur both in deciduous and permanent dentition. A 8 year 8 month old patient with a chief complaints of delayed eruption on upper anteriors, calculus deposit on lower anteriors and anterior openbite visited the clinic. Anteriors had thin layer of enamel and were very narrow. Especially lower anteriors had rough surface and were in bad shape. Teeth were very hypersensitive to thermal changes. Upper and lower first molars showed severe attrition on the occlusal surface. Radiographs also verified hypoplastic enamel in the whole dentition including the teeth in the tooth bud. The patient was diagnosed as hypoplastic AI, and is being treated at the pediathc and prosthodontic department of the Kyunghee dental university hospital. To improve the function, esthetics, hypersensitivity of the AI patients, restorations on the posteriors and the anteriors with oral hygiene instruction are necessary, Constant follow-up check is needed until full growth and after full growth, cooperative care with the other department is needed.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.683-688
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• 2008

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of two commercially available desensitizing agents over 3 weeks on patients with dentin hypersensitivity. Materials and Methods : An oxalate-based solution, Sensblok (NIBEC Inc. Seoul, Korea) & Superseal (Pheonix Inc. Michigan, USA), and a distilled water placebo were compared in a clinical setting. Seven volunteers exhibiting three or more teeth that were sensitive to tactile & air were enrolled in the study (35 teeth total). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used for recording each patient s level of sensitivity to tactile & air stimuli. A Florida probe was rubbed across the exposed dentin three times with a constant pressure 20 grams to measure the tactile stimulus. The air stimulus was generated by dental unit air syringe for 1-second blast from 1/2 inch distance. The desensitizing agents were applied according manufacture s guideline. VAS scores were recorded at baseline, 1 minute after treatment, at 1 week, 2weeks, 3weeks. VAS score were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA ( =0.05). Results : The Sensblok, Superseal, and distilled water placebo all decreased dentin sensitivity. A statistically significant difference existed between Sensblok and placebo when tactile stimulus was applied (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found among other desensitizing agents and tactile and air stimuli.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.479-489
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Nd : YAG laser on the tooth hypersensitivity by the observation of the morphological changes of the dentinal surface irradiated with Nd : YAG laser by use of SEM. In 40 mandibular and maxillary molars without any carious lesion or restoration, severe attrition and abrasion, Enamel was removed with fine grit diamond bur and exposed dentinal surfaces were polished with Soflex discs. In control group (10 teeth), exposed dentinal surfaces were acid-etched with 10 % Maleic acid for 15 seconds. In the experimental group 1 (10 teeth), acid-etched dentinal surfaces with 10% Maleic acid were prepared by Nd : YAG laser (6 watts power, 1 psi water, 18 psi air) for 2 minutes. In the experimental group 2 (10 teeth), exposed dentinal surfaces were irradiated with Nd: YAG laser (10 watts power, 3 psi water, 10 psi air) until the painted black stains on the dentinal surfaces were completely removed. In the experimental group 3 (10 teeth). dentinal surfaces were prepared with Nd : YAG laser (6 watts power, 1 psi water, 18 psi air) until the painted black stanins on them were completely removed and then the irradiated dentinal surfaces were acid-etched with 10 % Maleic acid for 15 seconds. The specimens were routinely processed and observed with scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows : 1. In the irradiated dentinal surfaces, the characteristics of the melting and recrystalization on the dentinal surfaces were observed. Compared with the results in the control group, we could observe that in the irradiated dentinal surfaces, the aperture of the dentinal tubules were reduced and there were more debris obstructing the dentinal tubules. 2. In the irradiated dentinal surfaces, crater structures were commonly present and in the crater bottoms, there were a lot of bead like melted dentin structures, which had the ruptured opening in the center of them. 3. The melted dentins and cracks in the smear layer were less frequently observed in the irradiated dentinal surfaces using copious cooling water than in the irradiated dentinal surfaces using scare cooling water.

• Korean Journal of Dental Materials
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in dentinal permeability after application of dentin desensitizer on exposed dentin immediately after ultrasonic scaling to teeth with non-carious cervical lesions. Thirty caries-free extracted molars were fixed to slide glasses after horizontally being sectioned at 5 mm below the cemento- enamel junction (CEJ). The prepared specimen was connected to a fluid flow measuring device (nano-Flow), and a V-shaped cavity was formed at the CEJ to imitate the non-carious cervical lesion. After no fluid leakage was confirmed in the connected system with specimen, tooth surface was treated ultrasonic cleaning with piezoelectric ultrasonic scalers until dentinal tubules were exposed. And 6 different desensitizers were applied on exposed dentin. Real-time measurements of dentinal fluid flow were performed during ultrasonic scaling and application of dentin desensitizer. To evaluate the occlusion of exposed dentinal tubules, tooth surface was examined by SEM. Following results were observed. After ultrasonic scaling, more dentinal tubules were exposed on the tooth with non-carious cervical lesions compared to tooth without lesions. The rate of fluid flow measured with nano-Flow system had correlation with the degree of dentin occlusion observed with SEM after application of desensitizers on exposed dentin. Desensitizers with glutaraldehyde and HEMA did not decrease the rate of fluid flow and did not show dentin occlusion. Desensitizers with oxalate showed the limited effects on the rate of fluid flow and dentinal tubule occlusion. Desensitizer with resin monomer showed the significant effect on the rate of fluid flow and dentin occlusion.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.437-441
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to show three cases treated by an intergrated periodontal and restorative dentistry approach. Methods: Three patients with Miller Class Ⅰgingiva recessions associated with cervical lesions were enrolled for treatment. Two patients received a connective tissue graft and resin modified glass ionomer, and one patient was treated with a connective tissue graft, resin restoration. Keratinized gingiva and relative gingival recession were measured. Results: The mean reduction of relative gingival recession was 3.7 mm, and the mean keratinized gingiva increase was 2.5 mm. The percentage of root coverage was 80% in average. No signs of gingival inflammation or bleeding on probing were seen. The patients were satisfied with the final esthetics and had no more dentin hypersensitivity. Conclusions: This report indicates that teeth with Miller ClassⅠ gingival recession associated with cervical lesions can be successfully treated by a connective tissue graft combined with restorative dentistry. However, longitudinal randomized controlled clinical trials must be performed to support this approach.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tooth whitening effect of 0.74% and 2.80% hydrogen peroxide toothpastes and safety on tooth and gingival tissue. Methods : Toothpastes containing 0.74% and 2.80% hydrogen peroxide were evaluated. In in-vitro test, some additives (sodium metaphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate and titanium dioxide) were added to the toothpastes. Hydroxyapatite specimens (HAPs) were made and stained using modified Stookey's methods. HAPs were treated for 1 hour at shaking incubator and brushed for 1,000 times as 250 gF with each diluted toothpaste. Before and after color was measured by colorimeter. Using double blind method, 99 Korean with natural maxillary anterior teeth were selected and the initial brightness (baseline) was measured by SHADEEYE-EX. Based on this measurement they were crossly distributed into control group (0% hydrogen peroxide), test 1 (0.74% hydrogen peroxide) and test 2 (2.80% hydrogen peroxide). After 2 weeks, people of each group were provided toothpaste and told to use 3 times a day right after every meal for 3 minutes. The brightness of teeth was measured 3 times for every one month. Results : ${\Delta}L$ was statistically significant among three groups in shaking test. ${\Delta}L$ of two test groups was statistically significant compared with control group but not between each test group in brushing test. After using toothpaste for 3 months, test 1 group and test 2 group were 15.89% and 31.23% more whitened compared with control group respectively (p<0.05). Rate of more whitened person of each test group was 24.2% and 40.5% more than control group respectively (p<0.05). There was no difference in the hypersensitivity during 3 months using toothpastes and no side effect on teeth or gums. Conclusions : Toothpastes containing 0.74% and 2.80% hydrogen peroxide showed tooth whitening effect and both were safe enough to use for tooth whitening.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.397-410
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• 1999

In order to obtain the basic data concerning the optimal parameters in using Nd:YAG laser as a therapeutic modality to dentinal hypersensitivity, the author prepared 3 sections of sound dentin and 10 sections of sclerotic dentin with thickness of $0.5mm{\pm}0.1mm$ from human extracted teeth of anteriors and premolars, and applied the laser energy from a fiberoptic delivered, free running, pulsed Nd:YAG laser (wavelength 1064nm, pulse duration $120{\mu}sec$, fiber diameter $320{\mu}m$) to surfaces of sound and sclerotic dentin sections for 1 second with contact/unidirectional moving mode of the fiber under speed of 3mm~4mm/sec and parameters of 0.5W/10Hz, 1.0W/10Hz, 1.5W/10Hz, 2.0W/10Hz: $62J/cm^2$, $124J/cm^2$, $187J/cm^2$, $249J/cm^2$. The author comparatively evaluated the characteristics of ultrastructural changes on surfaces of sound and sclerotic dentin sections irradiated by the pulsed Nd:YAG laser using the scanning electron microscopy. A fairly ill-defined bordered surface of partially closed and melted dentinal tubules can be seen on the scanning electron microscopic feature of the sound dentin surface irradiated by the pulsed Nd:YAG laser with energy density of $62J/cm^2$. The physical modification of sound dentin surface extensively occurred depended on the increase of energy density from $62J/cm^2$ to $124J/cm^2$, $187J/cm^2$, $249J/cm^2$. While, a fairly well-defined bordered surface of partially closed and melted dentinal tubules with thickened peritubular dentin can be seen on the scanning electron microscopic feature of the sclerotic dentin surface irradiated by the pulsed Nd:YAG laser with energy density of $62J/cm^2$. The physical modification of sclerotic dentin surface of a fairly rough, shallow depression with many cracks, thickened peritubular dentin and structureless dentinal tubules extensively occurred depended on the increase of energy density from $62J/cm^2$ to $124J/cm^2$, $187J/cm^2$, $249J/cm^2$ compared to those of sound dentin surface irradiated by the pulsed Nd:YAG laser under the same parameters. Therefore, it is recommended that the pulsed Nd:YAG laser as a therapeutic modality to dentinal hypersensitivity should be applied with the less energy density than $62J/cm^2$ on the sound dentin surface, and its energy density on the partially sclerotic dentin surface should be lower than that on the sound dentin surface to preserve tooth from unnecessary excessive structural destruction.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.668-678
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• 1995

In order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of argon laser irradiation on hypersensitive root, 60 mandibular premolars that had been extracted due to periodontal disease were treated by thorough scaling, root planing and root conditioning with tetracycline HCI(100mg/ml, 5 min.) for induction of hypersensitive root. Within middle one third of root mesial surface(30) or distal surface(30) was randomly irradiated by 0.5W-, 0.75W- and 1.0W-power for 2 minutes argon laser(HGM Inc., USA) with or without topical application of 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel(Pascal, USA). After all teeth were maintained in 2% methylene blue solution for 48 hours and cross-sectioned through irradiated surface of dried roots, methylene blue stained area was compared between irradiated side and nonirradiated side. Following results were obtained : 1. Methylene blue stained area was significantly less in the laser irradiated group than control group(p<0.05). 2. There was no significant difference in methylene blue stained area between 0.5W-power and 0.75W-power group(p>0.1) and between 0.75W-power and 1.0W-power group(p>0.1), but there was significant difference between 0.5W-power and 1.0W-power group(p<0.05). 3. There was no significant difference in methylene blue stained area between two groups with and without topical application of 0.12% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel(p>0.1). The results suggest that argon laser irradiation on hypersensitive root may reduce the hypersensitivity by obstruction of dentinal tubules.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2018

Excessive teeth wear may result in the complications such as esthetic problems, hypersensitivity, and loss of vertical dimension. This clinical report focuses on the causes of severely worn dentition and the full-mouth rehabilitation of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis for 20 years. An interview, clinical and radiological examinations were performed to analyze the causes and decide the treatment plan. After delivery of the final prostheses, a night guard was used to protect the restorations and temporomandibular joints. The patient was satisfied esthetically and functionally.