• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-83
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• 2011

This study aims to prove the changes, development and social background of Korean male cosmetics over the period of 2000-2010. There were total 574 articles written about male make-up and cosmetics in Chosun Daily, Joongang Daily and Donga Daily, which are the top three Korean local daily newspapers in terms of sales revenue for that period. These articles were analyzed together with social background research from various books and daily newspapers. The analysis of articles was divided into different categories; such as foundation cosmetics, color cosmetics, hair, and the social background. It was found that the articles related to foundation cosmetics were written the most, the articles related to male appearance management were second, articles on other items including how to manage the skin being the least. As for the social background of Korean male cosmetics, first of all, a change in social recognition can be pointed out. The traditional understanding of gender roles has changed, men's appearance management has started to be regarded as a competitive talent, and at the same time, the esthetic viewpoint for men also has changed. One example is the newly made popular term, "flower-handsome man", which shows the new trend of favoring males with nice skin. Second, the expansion of mass culture can be pointed out. As consumers can get information and fashion trends easier and faster, the fashion spreads fast, and this has led to the generalization and popularization of the sense of beauty. Third, the development of scientific technology and medical science can be pointed out. Thanks to the progress in those areas. the extension of youthfulness has become possible and the cosmetics industry was also affected greatly, as shown in the market spread of functional products for anti-ageing and wrinkle control as the interest in anti-ageing has grown. There are benefits from the development of scientific technology, but the problem of environmental pollution has appeared due to machinery and industrialization and thus the issue of well-being has been raised. Rising interest in naturalism, pro-environmentalism and organic cosmetics has influenced the cosmetics industry. In addition, the quantity of ultraviolet rays exposed to our skin has increased due to the air pollution caused by the destruction of environment, leading to increased usage of sun block lotion. Lastly, the influence of consumer society and the expansion of consumerism culture can be pointed out. In the modern society, consumption acts not only as the use of products and services but it also has an important role of mediating individuals with others and the society. The market for male cosmetics has been expanding and the number of men putting on make-up has been increasing rapidly. Therefore, this study is meaningful in that the analysis of the mode of change and the social background are an essential process in order to provide a direction for the future market for male cosmetics.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.531-536
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• 2016

The worldwide research and development for high-efficiency power generation system is progressing steadily because of the growing demand for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Many countries have spurred the research and development of supercritical $CO_2$ power generation technology since 2000 because it has the advantage of compactness, efficiency, and diversity. Supercritical $CO_2$ power generation system can be classified into an indirect heating type and a direct heating type. As of now, most studies have concentrated on the development of indirect type supercritical $CO_2$ power generation system. In the United States, NREL(National Renewable Energy Lab.) is developing supercritical $CO_2$ power generation system for Concentrating Solar Power. In addition, U.S. DOE(Department of Energy) also plans to start investing in the development of the supercritical $CO_2$ power generation system for coal-fired thermal power plant this year. GE is developing not only 10MW supercritical $CO_2$ power generation turbomachinery but also the conceptual design of 50MW and 450MW supercritical $CO_2$ power generation turbomachinery. In Korea, the Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute has constructed the supercritical $CO_2$ power generation test facility. Moreover, KEPRI(Korea Electric Power Research Institute) is developing a 2MW-class supercritical $CO_2$ power generation system using diesel and gas engine waste heat with Hyundai Heavy Industries.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 2011

Recently, information communication technologies such as smartphone or mobile app greatly affect various application fields including geo-spatial domain. And development scheme of mobile web app or hybrid app regards as the most important computing technology which is combined each advantage of mobile app and mobile web. Despite these trends, it is general case that satellite images are used for the background image for other contents services. With this motivation, hybrid app for geo-metadata as the base for dissemination and service is designed and implemented as the prototype, in this study. At the design stage, HTML5, which is the core technology on an international standardization process for hybrid app, is applied. In the implementation, PhoneGap and Sencha Touch as mobile SDK(Software Development Kit) supporting HTML5 on cross-platform in open sources are used. In prototype, some KOMPSAT-2 images covering small area and mandatory elements in geo-metafata standard are tested. As mobile industry applications and business service models based on satellite images on mobile platform are progressing and diversifying, it is expected that this approach and implemented prototype are considered as an important reference.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.242-251
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• 2011

The effects of top and bottom lids on the natural convection heat transfer phenomena inside vertical cylinders were investigated experimentally for $Ra_{Lw}$ from $9.26{\times}10^9$ to $7.74{\times}10^{12}$. Using the concept of analogy between heat and mass transfer, a cupric acid-copper sulfate electroplating system was employed as mass transfer experiments replacing heat transfer experiments. The natural convection heat transfer of both-open cylinders in laminar and turbulent flows was in good agreement with the existing heat transfer correlations developed for vertical plates. The effects of top and bottom lids on the heat transfer rates were very similar to the studies of Krysa et al. and Sedahmed et al. and Chung et al. With the copper lids, the bottom-closed cavity showed the highest heat transfer rates and then followed both-closed, top-closed, both-open ones in both laminar and turbulent flows. However with the acryl lids, the similar trends were observed except that the heat transfer rates for both-open were higher than top-closed one. The use of the copper lids increased the heat transfer rates compared to the acryl lids due to the hydrodynamic interaction of the flows developed for the different heated faces. This study extended the ranges of flow conditions of the existing literatures and proposed the empirical correlations.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.335-359
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• 2009

This study explores the IT governance structures of the Korean conglomerates. It investigates IT organization structures, decision making frameworks and processes, communication channels, implementation mechanisms, and performance evaluation methods around IT activities of the Korean conglomerates by analyzing four different cases. The results show that all of the conglomerates have an IT service firms as one of their subsidiaries, and all the subsidiaries in the conglomerates outsource their IT divisions to the IT service firms, The client firms in the conglomerates operate IT strategy and planning teams to coordinate their IT activities with their outsourcing partners. The IT governance archetype of the Korean conglomerates is found to be "business monarchy" because the client firms mostly make IT decisions. However, the IT service firms provide the information of IT trends and solutions to their clients, so the IT governance archetype of input framework for IT decisions can be "IT monarchy". In addition, the conglomerate which has the more centralized IT governance architecture appears to prefer the more integrated implementation mechanisms for IT decisions. The results of this study are expected to be used as a benchmarking model for the organizations which try to develop an effective IT governance structure.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.944-957
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• 2020

This study is an integrated literature review of concept analysis research published in the Journal of the Korean Nursing Society and the journal of branch science for the last 10 years from 2009 to 2018. A total of 30 papers were analyzed, including the metaparadigm of nursing, the type of concept, the method of concept analysis, the degree of utilization, etc. As a result, the metaparadgim of nursing was the most common human being, with 23 human beings, 5 nursing, 1 health, and 1 environment, and all kinds of concepts were identified as abstract concepts. As for concept analysis methods, Walker & Avent had the most number of workers and events with 13 workers, 10 hybrids, and 7 evolutionary methods, but all of them were hybrid methods after 2018. The progress toward tool development has not been confirmed. The diversity of nursing paradigm based on research results and the development of tools based on it are also necessary.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.8 no.spc1
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• pp.297-322
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• 2005

The paper aims to analyze the logic and power of open source software (OSS), and to show the ways in which Korean government and companies support developing countries in the field of software development. Many developing countries are considering software industry to be a strategic industry due to the fact that software industry seems to be labor-intensive, or rather knowledge-intensive industry. In this regard, developing countries without huge financial investment can achieve certain level of economic development while leveraging software industry. Concerning software development tools, among recent trends OSS has been regarded as a viable alternative software development tool for developing countries. In developing countries, OSS is believed to resolve some difficulties caused by proprietary software such as Microsoft Windows, which is too expensive to buy for users and developers in low-income developing countries. In this sense, OSS has been considered as only solution for software developing because OSS is able to reduce the cost of software development and to enhance the technological capabilities of developing countries. In addition to the benefit of low cost, we have to shed light on the business model of OSS that is not to sell software licence, but to provide technical support and services. In order to use OSS as much as they can, developing countries have to invest for educating human resources who can develop and implement software system using OSS. These OSS-related policies can lead developing countries to developed countries.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.486-508
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• 2007

This study identifies key determinants of participation in UCC services. Incorporating insights from the flow theory, we examine the effects of psychological factors of social presence, self expression, arousal, and challenge as well as web-site characteristics variables of media easiness, contents usability, and immediateness. We have done a sample survey of internet users and collected 260 responses. Using Windows SPSS/PC 12.0 Package, we have performed statistical analyses including a correlation analysis, a factor analysis, and a multiple regression analysis. The result of the study is as follows. Psychological variables of perceived social presence, self expression, arousal, and challenge all show positive significant effect on participation in UCC service. Among web site characteristics, media easiness, which consists of a web structure that is easy-to-use, user friendliness, and personalized service, demonstrates a positive significant effect on participation in UCC services. Immediateness also has a positive significant effect. Some of the practical implications of the result are follows. We should improve user access to platforms of UCC service by opening up platforms. This will heighten perceived challenge which has the strongest influence on participation in UCC services. We need to focus on multimedia services and adjust to the cultural code of netizen who crave for visual expressions and on the spot on-line activities. Also suggested is that contributions made by participants need to be acknowledged through such provisions as profit sharing. Needs for individualized service, which is an aspect of media easiness, should also be addressed. Participants tend to value individuality while at the same time accepting broader trends. Information services need to be customized for individuals. In UCC centered internet businesses, netizen consumers are presumer. They are consumers and producers at the same time, and consumer needs should also be explored for the success of internet businesses.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2008

Application areas of Knowledge Discovery in Database(KDD) have been expanded to many R&D management processes including technology trends analysis, forecasting and evaluation etc. Established research field such as informetrics (or scientometrics) has utilized techniques or methods of KDD. Various systems have been developed to support works of analyzing large-scale R&D related databases such as patent DB or bibliographic DB by a few researchers or institutions. But extant systems have some problems for korean users to use. Their prices is not moderate, korean language processing is impossible, and user's demands not reflected. To solve these problems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information(KISTI) developed stand-alone type information analysis system named as KnowledgeMatrix. KnowledgeMatrix system offer various functions to analyze retrieved data set from databases. KnowledgeMatrix's main operation unit is composed of user-defined lists and matrix generation, cluster analysis, visualization, data pre-processing. Matrix generation unit help extract information items which will be analyzed, and calculate occurrence, co-occurrence, proximity of the items. Cluster analysis unit enable matrix data to be clustered by hierarchical or non-hierarchical clustering methods and present tree-type structure of clustered data. Visualization unit offer various methods such as chart, FDP, strategic diagram and PFNet. Data pre-processing unit consists of data import editor, string editor, thesaurus editor, grouping method, field-refining methods and sub-dataset generation methods. KnowledgeMatrix show better performances and offer more various functions than extant systems.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2020

In conjunction with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the unmanned aerial vehicle industry is being developed to a new paradigm by combining advanced technologies such as AI, Big Data and the IoT. Aeronautical developed countries such as the U.S. are focusing their efforts on the development of the safer unmanned aerial vehicles. The Korea Aerospace Research Institute, as part of the national R&D project in 2011, had succeeded in developing the first vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) UAS, called Smart-UAV. However, although the development technology of the VTOL UAS is possessed, developing and operating of the VTOL UAS for commercial or military use are limited. The type certification procedure of the VTOL UAS developed by domestic technology is stipulated in the Korean Aviation Safety Act, but the Korean VTOL UAS airworthiness standards (KAS) hsve not been established. Thus, this study investigated the development trends of the VTOL UAS in Korea and abroad and national certification systems and procedures, and benchmarked the special conditions for the VTOL aircraft, announced by the EASA on July 2, 2019, to establish standards for type certificate of the VTOL UAS in Korea.