• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.662-671
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• 2020

The uplift force acts directly on the foundation and causes a building to float to the upper ground. To examine the stability of a structure according to the uplift force, four sites (Paju, Anyang, Osan, and Gangneung) were selected, and sensors were installed on the foundations for the field tests. The rainfall characteristics were analyzed around June~September, and the changes in the water level of the adjacent river were considered. The maximum uplift force except for Gangneung did not exceed 72% of the water pressure when the groundwater level was up to the surface. On the other hand, the maximum uplift force in Osan was approximately 67%, but the reliability was slightly inferior because the difference from the average (46%) was large. The minimum uplift force was within 10% except for Anyang (~ 41%). At the Gangneung site on soft rock where the permanent drainage facility was installed before the measurement, the maximum and minimum uplift force was approximately 14% and 3.5%, respectively. Based on the measurement results, the possibility of overdesigning or underdesigning comes from the design by the hydrostatic pressure when the groundwater level is up to the surface.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2011

To develop food and organoleptic quality of gochujang 0, 3, 4, and 5% of sweet persimmon powder were added to Korean traditional red pepper paste during fermentation and microbiological and organoleptic characteristics were investigated. The total bacteria count of the gochujang tended to increase slowly until a level of $10^8$ CFU/g with increasing fermentation time. There was no significant difference (p <0.05) between the control and the treatment during fermentation. The number of yeast and mold was $10^4-10^5$ CFU/g during fermentation. Sensory evaluation after 30, 60, and 90 days of fermentation showed that addition of sweet persimmon powder to the gochujang did not affect its color, but the level of sweetness and umami, increased as additional level of sweet persimmon powder increased. In the overall acceptabilty, there was no significant difference (p <0.05) until 30 days of fermentation and the gochujang added with 4% sweet persimmon powder showed the highest organoleptic value. And it showed high score in sweetness, umami and overall acceptability at the end of fermentation. The results indicated that 4% additional level of sweet persimmon powder was the best making gochujang.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2010

Fermentation characteristics of yakju prepared with addition of Opuntia ficus indica were examined, with respect to the nature and concentration of additional added materials. The pH level began to decrease after the secondary brewing stage and the total acid content increased during fermentation. The level of reducing sugars in yakju prepared with Opuntia ficus indica increased at the first brewing stage and then slowly decreased after 4 days of fermentation. The ethanol content of supplemented yakju rapidly increased during the initial 6 days of fermentation, to a maximum content of 17.1% after 14 days. The free sugar content was higher in yakju fermented with Opuntia ficus indica stem compared with fruit. The level of organic acids increased as the amount of Opuntia ficus indica material increased. Organic acid level increased during fermentation and lactic acid was the main organic acid in yakju fermented with Opuntia ficus indica. Sixteen volatile compounds were found by GC-MS in supplemented yakju. The most prominent volatile component was iso-amyl alcohol, followed by butyl alcohol and methyl esters. The DPPH radical-scavenging activity of yakju fermented with Opuntia ficus indica stem was higher than when yakju was prepared with fruit. Sensory scores of yakju fermented with 20% (w/v) fruit and 10% (w/v) stem were greater than those of yakju prepared by other treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.997-1001
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• 2003

Addition of synnemata of Beauveria bassiana on the baking qualities of bread was studied. There were no differences in the loaf volume of bread made of composite flour blended with the synnemata powder at level of 1%, 3% from that of control, but that of 5% was lower than the control. The addition of synnemata powder caused a decrease in the lightness of bread crumb and an increase in the redness and yellowness. The hardness of bread made of composite flour blended with synnemata powder at level of 1% and 3% was similar to that of control, while 5% addition was higher than the control. There were no differences in the springiness, gumminess and chewiness of bread made with synnemata powder at level of 1%, 3% from those of control. In sensory evaluation, the addition of the synnemata powder at level of 1% and 3% did not affect appearance, flavor, taste, texture and overall acceptability, while 5% addition significantly decreased those values.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.669-675
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• 2020

In this study, 3D analysis was compared in evaluating the track deformation of subway structures during adjacent excavation. For the 3D analysis model, the boundary conditions of the tunnel model and the application level of the ground water were analyzed as variables. As the result of the effects of track irregularity using the 3D model, the analysis model considering the site ground water level instead of the design values and changing the constraint of the boundary condition is more reasonable. In addition, the influence of track irregularity due to the boundary condition and load condition of the analytical model is more obvious in the factors directly affected by the longitudinal relative displacement of the rail, such as alignment, cross level and gauge irregularity. Therefore, the evaluation on track stability according to adjacent excavation work was appropriate to analysed the longitudinal deformation of the track by using 3D model that could be investigate the deformation of rail. In addition, the boundary condition and load condition(ground water level) of the numerical model was important for accurate analysis results.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.61-77
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• 2019

If a new utility tunnel is planned for high density existing urban areas in Korea, a rational decision-making process such as the determination of optimum design capacity by using the feasibility evaluation system based on quantitative evaluation indexes and the economic evaluation is needed. Thus, the previous study presented the important weight of individual higher-level indexes (3 items) and sub-indexes (16 items) through a hierarchy analysis (AHP) for quantitative evaluation index items, considering the characteristics of each urban type. In addition, an economic evaluation method was proposed considering 10 benefit items and 8 cost items by adding 3 new items, including the effects of traffic accidents, noise reduction and socio-economic losses, to the existing items for the benefit cost analysis suitable for urban utility tunnels. This study presented a quantitative feasibility evaluation method using the important weight of 16 sub-index items such as the road management sector, public facilities sector and urban environment sector. Afterwards, the results of quantitative feasibility and economic evaluation were compared and analyzed in 123 main road sections of the Seoul. In addition, a comprehensive evaluation method was proposed by the combination of the two evaluation results. The design capacity optimization program, which will be developed by programming the logic of the quantitative feasibility and economic evaluation system presented in this study, will be utilized in the planning and design phases of urban community zones and will ultimately contribute to the vitalization of urban utility tunnels.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.550-558
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• 1998

The experiment was conducted to evaluate CM (Cell Mass from Lysine Fermentation), which is used to produce synthetic lysine in industry, as an alternative protein source in broiler diets. Three different production conditions were employed to produce CMs (CM I, II, III). Treatments were control, CM I -1 (1 % of CM in the diet), CM I -3 (3% of CM in the diet), CM I -5 (5% of CM in the diet), CM II (3% of CM in the diet), and CM III (3% of CM in the diet). It was found that CM products were all high in crude protein content and especially high in lysine and methionine contents, while very low in minerals. For the starter period, all CM groups showed better weight gain, chicks fed CM I -1 diets were especially high in weight gain (p < 0.05). CM groups consumed 14.4 to 18.0% more feed than chicks fed control diets (p < 0.05). The best FCR was found in CM I -1 groups (p < 0.05), but as CM level was increased, FCR was also increased. For the finisher period, weight gain was similar through all treatments. Through whole experimental period, weight gain and feed intake were higher in all CM groups than control group (p < 0.05), however, as CM level was increased, FCR was also increased. Generally chicks fed CM diets showed higher utilizabilities of gross energy, dry matter, crude protein and crude fat. The best nutrients utilizability was obtained in CM I -1 group, and the worst was found in the control group. During the finisher period, the utilizabilities of crude protein, crude ash and phosphorus were not affected by the dietary treatments. Amino acids utilizability was not significantly affected by the treatments except CM I -5 group. In all amino acids tested, chicks did not show the big difference in utilizabilities. Only in the CM I -5 group, amino acids utilizability was significantly lower than control group. However, among CM I groups, the mean value of the amino acids utilizability was decreased as the level of CM inclusion in the diet was increased. During the finisher period, similar trend was found in amino acids utilizability.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2020

The Internet of things (IoT) has been applied to a variety of industrial uses such as public service sectors, medical industries, automotive industries, and so on. Led by smart cities, this is typical. However, from a logistics perspective, the level of application is insufficient. This study examines the applicability of IoT-related technology in a container terminal, an object of the present invention, to derive an applicable plan. Analytic network process (ANP) analysis reveals the following results for IoT applications in container terminals: operating systems (26.7%), safety/environmental/security systems (26.4%), equipment maintenance systems (25.3%), and facility maintenance systems (21.6 %). The second ANP analysis reveals the following results: Economy (40.2%), productivity (21.1%), service level (19.5%), and utilizing technology level (19.2%). The application or standard of evaluation is important when applying IoT technology to container terminals; however, it is not concentrated in a certain area. It is desirable to build each container system with linkage and efficiency from a macroscopic view.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2000

To develop a sustained-release preparation containing ketorolac tromethamine, two sustained-release pellet formulations were evaluated with a pharmacokinetic study as compared with a conventional commercial tablets (10 mg $Tarasyn^{TM}$, Roche Korea Ltd.). Two sustained-release formulations were as follows; formulation A was composed of an inner layer containing 75% of drug coated with $Eudragit^{TM}$ RS 100 membrane and an outer layer containing 25% of drug mixed with $Eudragit^{TM}$ NE30D, and formulation B was composed of only an inner layer containing 100% of drug coated with $Eudragit^{TM}$ RS 100 membrane. The dissolution test was performed for two formulations. In case of conventional tablets, 2.5 mg of drug per a dose was administered orally into male Albino rabbit (2.0-2.3 kg of body weight) 3 times at intervals of 4 hours. In case of two sustained formulations, 7.5 mg of drug was administered once orally. Blood samples were withdrawn periodically after the administration, and the blood concentration was determined by HPLC. The conventional tablets showed very high peak-trough fluctuation between administered doses, but two sustained formulations showed less fluctuation. Formulation A with the loading dose showed the time to reach minimum effective concentration (MEC) i.e. the onset time was less than 20 min, while Formulation B had more than 1 hr of the onset time. Formulation A had the more constant plasma level than formulation B. However, formulation B had a time lag, so the plasma level was less than MEC for an initial period of 1 hr. In formulation A, the plasma level was maintained within the therapeutic window $(0.3-5\;{\mu}g/ml)$ for a long period. Formulation A was thought to be an ideal sustained-release formulation for ketorolac tromethamine oral delivery system.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.178-186
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• 2020

Background: Reactor pressure vessel (RV) with internals (RVI) are activated structures by neutron irradiation and volume contaminated wastes. Thus, to develop safe and optimized disposal plan for them at a disposal site, it is important to perform exact activation calculation and evaluate the dose rate on the surface of casks which contain cut-off pieces. Materials and Methods: RV and RVI are subjected to neutron activation calculation via Monte Carlo methodology with MCNP6 and ORIGEN-S program-neutron flux, isotopic specific activity, and gamma spectrum calculation on each component of RV and RVI, and dose rate evaluation with MCNP6. Results and Discussion: Through neutron activation analysis, dose rate is evaluated for the casks containing cut-off pieces produced from decommissioned RV and RVI. For RV cut-off ones, the highest value of dose rate on the surface of cask is 6.97 × 10-1 mSv/hr and 2 m from it is 3.03 × 10-2 mSv/hr. For RVI cut-off ones, on the surface of it is 0.166 × 10-1 mSv/hr and 2 m from it is 1.04 × 10-1 mSv/hr. Dose rates for various RV and RVI cut-off pieces distributed lower than the limit except the one of 2 m from the cask surface of RVI. It needs to adjust contents in cask which carries highly radioactive components in order to decrease thickness of cask. Conclusion: Two types of casks are considered in this paper: box type for very-low-level waste (VLLW) as well as low-level waste (LLW) and cylinder type for intermediate-level waste (ILW). The results will contribute to the development of optimal loading plans for RV and RVI cut-off pieces during the decommissioning of nuclear power plant that can be used to prepare radioactive waste disposal plans for the different types of wastes-ILW, LLW, and VLLW.