• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.44 no.4 s.316
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2007

Recently cluster system built from personal computers and network devices are easily and economically constructed. Rapid technological change discloses new processors on the market yielding cluster systems heterogeneity. A parallel system in heterogeneous environment needs work managers for utilizing the full power of the heterogeneous cluster system. In this paper, we compare MPI and Cilk in a heterogeneous cluster system in terms of performance and code complexity. Experimental results show that Cilk is better than MPI with small sizes of data transfers while MPI outperforms Cilk with big sizes of data transfers. Also, We find that Cilk requires less programming efforts to write a parallel program.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2022

The iron and steel sector is caught between two worlds: "carbon reduction" and "development." The goal of this study is to show that optimizing asset structure to boost intangible assets, particularly brand assets, is a viable strategy to achieve low-carbon development. This study uses panel data from 38 A-share companies in China's iron and steel industry from 2010 to 2020, as well as World Brand Lab data, to create a comprehensive impact index of enterprise value from the standpoint of an asset structure optimization, and to test the impact of intangible assets and brand equity on enterprise value. The findings show that: the asset structure of iron and steel enterprises is closely related to enterprise value, implying that iron and steel industry development necessitates a transformation of quantity control and quality improvement; the proportion of intangible assets in the asset structure of iron and steel enterprises plays a positive and critical role in enterprise value under surplus conditions. The iron and steel industry begins to shift from tangible to intangible assets; there is heterogeneity in the iron and steel industry transformation. Given certain technological levels, the share of brand assets contributes significantly to the increase in enterprise value.

• Journal of East Asia Management
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.1-27
• /
• 2020

Military experience has a great impact on a soldier ability to handle risks. Therefore, when those soldiers become managers, they may behave differently in making risky corporate decisions, especially in activities like the R&D investment. However, studies on how military experience affect R&D have been largely missing in the largest emerging economy, i.e. China, despite that the country hires a higher percentage of military managers than the US. In addition, it remains a question whether military managers affect the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China, as many of the corporate decisions are made by the government. This paper tries to address these questions. The imprinting theory and the upper echelon theory suggest that managers' personal experience can affect their behaviour, which in turn influences their corporate decisions. In this paper, we examine whether managers with military experience lead to higher R&D investment and whether such an effect exists in state-owned enterprises. Based on a sample of listed firms in China's A-share market over 2008-2017, we make two findings. First, companies with military managers have high R&D investment. By dividing managers' military positions into high and low rank, we find that companies tend to have higher (lower) R&D investment if their managers hold a high-rank (low-rank) position. Second, the effect of high-rank military managers on R&D investment is more pronounced if the manager is also the founder and the company is a non-state-owned enterprise. For low-ranking military managers, a stronger effect on R&D investment is also observed if they are also the founder, but whether their companies are state-owned or not has no impact on R&D investment. This study identifies managers' military experience as a contributing factors to corporate R&D investment in the largest emerging economy. This paper tests an implication of the imprinting theory and the upper echelon theory, i.e., managers' personal experience can affect their behaviour, which in turn influences their corporate decisions. Specifically, we focus on one aspect of personal experience - military experience - and look at whether it is beneficial to firms' technological innovation, therefore enriches the literature of managerial heterogeneity. Our findings on the influence of managers' military experience on firms' technological innovation can help us better understand the role of managers play in corporate decision making, and how managers' individual traits interact with the firm's characteristics.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.112-126
• /
• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate visual elements of steampunk fashion and provide base line data for innovative fashion design ideas and products. We investigated design characteristics of steampunk fashion style shown in 3 movies and 3 animations. Based on the investigation, the research drew intrinsic value of steampunk fashion from three brands 'Vivienne Westwood', 'Dolce & Gabbana' and 'Alexander McQueen'. As the research analyzed movies and animations revealing steampunk style, various characteristics were found and assorted into similar categories. Subcategories of steampunk fashion are pluralism, rebellion and heterogeneity. The followings are result of analyzing three designer collection listed above. First, steampunk fashion made by designers used various color and materials to express multi-pluralistic(multiplicity) characteristic. Second, fashion style in collections revealed artistic and experimental design. This adventurous and innovative characteristic is categorized as rebellion feature. Third, steampunk fashion style used mix-match of unexpected materials or unbalanced silhouette to create a complete fashion style by combining styles in duplicity which could've lack harmony. Intrinsic value of steampunk is defined as graffiti of 19th century's science technology and utopia spirit. Longing for past and fantasy was expressed into fashion. Steampunk fashion wants to escape reality and tries to recreate history of the past faded away with technological development. It defines steampunk as freedom, deviation and fantastical utopia in positive point of view. Furthermore, aesthetic implication of steampunk style found in this research can make a boundary of steampunk style clear and become reference for future researches regarding steampunk fashion.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.95-110
• /
• 2021

Purpose - This paper intends to conduct theoretical analysis and empirical test on the action mechanism of South Korea-China trade and South Korea's FDI to China on green total factor productivity, so as to provide a new perspective and ideas for the improvement of China's green total factor productivity and promote the high-quality development of China's economy Design/methodology - This paper uses the data of 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China from 2004 to 2017 as the research sample, adopts the GML index method of SBM Directional Distance Function to measure GTFP, and analyzes the influence of South Korea-China trade and FDI from South Korea on China's GTFP. Findings - Trade is conducive to promoting technological progress, which has a significant promotion effect on China's green total factor productivity. While FDI has a significant inhibitory effect on China's green total factor productivity, which verifies the "pollution haven" hypothesis. In addition, such influence has certain regional overall heterogeneity. Trade has a more significant promoting effect on GTFP in eastern coastal areas, while FDI has a more significant inhibitory effect on GTFP in central and western inland areas. The interaction between trade and FDI is conducive to the improvement of green total factor productivity, indicating that the benign mechanism of trade and FDI has been formed. Urbanization, industrial structure, human resource level and investment in science and technology are all conducive to the improvement of GTFP. Originality/value - Through theoretical analysis and empirical test on the action mechanism of South Korea-China trade and South Korea's FDI on green total factor productivity, this paper provides a solid theoretical foundation for the further development of China-South Korea economic and trade cooperation in the future.