• 제목/요약/키워드: technical knowledge

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일부 초등학교 학생들의 응급처치 교육효과 -기도 폐쇄 시 응급처치 교육을 중심으로- (Effects of a First-aid Skills Training for Elementary Students - Focus on Management of Foreign Body Airway Obstruction -)

  • 김유선;김현숙;김윤신
    • 한국학교보건학회지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.50-60
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: This paper compares practical first aid training and theoretical first aid training in elementary schools. Methods: Research subjects were randomly selected and sorted into experimental and control groups. The former is one class (28 students) of the fifth grade students, and the latter is another class (30 students). In order to verify the effect of first aid training, we conducted theoretical as well as practical first-aid instruction about foreign body airway obstruction to the experimental group, but conducted only theoretical instruction with the control group. Data were analyzed by the ${\chi}^2$-test and t-test, one-way using the SPSS / win 12.0 program. The results were as follows (p=.05). Results: The first hypothesis was that the knowledge of an experimental group would be better than that of a control group. The analysis showed a significant difference (p=.000) between the two groups, supporting this hypothesis. The second hypothesis was that the experimental group would be more accurate than the control group. There was no because of (p=.000) between the two groups on this measure. The third hypothesis, that the two groups would vary over time on the measure of accuracy, was supported by the following observations: the experimental results were accumulated before, two days after and two weeks after the training (experimental group, p=.000, and control group, p=.000). This supports the third hypothesis that the technical performance accuracy levels of complete respiratory obstruction first aid vary over time. Conclusion: First aid training has to include practical education as well as theoretical education in the future, as part of a school's health education for elementary students. Health education classrooms should be prepared to teach first-aid theory and be supplied with equipment for practical exercises. Schools, communities, and private organizations need to carry out the practical education component periodically.

Appraising the Performance of Construction Projects during Implementation in Kenya, 1963-2018: A Literature Review Perspective

  • Ong'ondo, Cyrus Babu;Gwaya, Abednego Oswald;Masu, Sylvester
    • Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.1-24
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    • 2019
  • Poor project performance has been noted as the bane in the construction industry globally. This paper sought to investigate, by way of literature, the performance patterns of construction projects in Kenya since independence (1963-2018). This was informed by reports of undesirable project performance in the industry. This descriptive study used available studies previously done in this subject area. In sum, literature is replete with evidence on a myriad of challenges facing the execution of projects. The study established that generally, the project performance is poor and has assumed a chronic trajectory spanning over five decades. On average, the findings reveal that 35-60% of projects initiated in Kenya face cost overruns while time overrun is most severe with 35-73% projects overrunning their schedule. In addition, the findings problematize the issue of plurality of performance measurement regimes in the construction industry. Here, it was observed that no singular construct exists to objectively measure the various facets that constitute the 'health' of a project. This paper has contributed to the body of knowledge by examining the performance patterns in Kenya for over fifty years while at the same time identifying the bottlenecks inherent in projects execution. Importantly, the conceptual performance efficiency framework derived in the current study presents a paradigm shift in the monitoring and evaluation of projects. To this end, an in-depth analysis is recommended on the interaction of efficiency enablers in the buildup of performance efficiency index (PEI). Similarly, a further inquiry is recommended on the integration and impact of the proposed framework in the management of projects.

Development of Korean Teaching Model for Surgical Procedures in Trauma -Essential Surgical Procedures in Trauma Course-

  • Kim, Hohyun;Park, Chan-Yong;Cho, Hyun-Min;Yeo, Kwang-Hee;Kim, Jae Hun;Yu, Byungchul;Go, Seung-Je;Kwon, Oh Sang
    • Journal of Trauma and Injury
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.8-16
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: The Essential Surgical Procedures in Trauma (ESPIT) course was developed as a model to teach necessary surgical procedures to trauma physicians. Its goals are to improve knowledge, self-confidence, and technical competence. Methods: The ESPIT course consisted of five lectures and a porcine lab operative experience. The ESPIT course has been run seven times between February 2014 and April 2016. ESPIT participants completed a questionnaire to assess self-efficacy regarding essential surgical procedures in trauma before and immediately after taking the ESPIT course. Sixty-three participants who completed both pre- and post-course questionnaires on self-efficacy were enrolled in this study. Results: The overall post-ESPIT mean self-efficacy score was higher than the pre-ESPIT mean self-efficacy score ($8.3{\pm}1.30$ and $4.5{\pm}2.13$, respectively) (p<0.001). Self-efficacy was significantly improved after the ESPIT course in general surgeons (p<0.001), thoracic and cardiovascular surgeons (p<0.001), emergency medicine doctors, and others (neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons) (p<0.001). The differences in self-efficacy score according to career stage (<1 year, 1-3 years, 3-5 years, and >5 years) were also statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusions: The data of the ESPIT participants indicated that they felt that the ESPIT course improved their self-efficacy with regard to essential surgical procedures in trauma. The ESPIT course may be an effective strategy for teaching surgical procedures, thus promoting better management of traumatic injuries.

Spatiotemporal chronographical modeling of procurement and material flow for building projects

  • Francis, Adel;Miresco, Edmond;Le Meur, Erwan
    • Advances in Computational Design
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.119-139
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    • 2019
  • Planning and management building projects should tackle the coordination of works and the management of limited spaces, traffic and supplies. Activities cannot be performed without the resources available and resources cannot be used beyond the capacity of workplaces. Otherwise, workspace congestion will negatively affect the flow of works. Better on-site management allows for substantial productivity improvements and cost savings. The procurement system should be able to manage a wider variety of materials and products of the required quality in order to have less stock, in less time, using less space, with less investment and avoiding multiple storage stations. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the advantages of using the Chronographic modeling, by combining spatiotemporal technical scheduling with the 4D simulations, the Last Planner System and the Takt-time when modeling the construction of building projects. This paper work toward the aforementioned goal by examining the impact that material flow has on site occupancy. The proposed spatiotemporal model promotes efficient site use, defines optimal site-occupancy and workforce-rotation rates, minimizes intermediate stocks, and ensures a suitable procurement process. This paper study the material flow on the site and consider horizontal and vertical paths, traffic flows and appropriate means of transportation to ensure fluidity and safety. This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by linking execution and supply to the spatial and temporal aspects. The methodology compare the performance and procurement processes for the proposed Chronographic model with the Gantt-Precedence diagram. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed model and to validate the related concepts. This validation is designed to test the model's graphical ability to simulate construction and procurement.

코로나19 감염병 대응모델의 국제표준화 요건 (Requirements for Reusable Infection Prevention and Control Measures for COVID-19 Response)

  • 안선주
    • 보건행정학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.244-254
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    • 2021
  • The management of emerging infectious diseases cannot help but completely depend on non-pharmaceutical interventions in the early stages of the outbreak. Consequently, South Korea has developed and implemented the 3T (test-trace-treat) models, non-pharmaceutical infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The IPC measures have gained global attention, rendering them to be essential in the development of a shareable, reusable, and applicable protocol for future pandemics. This study was conducted to identify the requirements necessary for standardizing the IPC measures. Three new work items of the 18 3T models were proposed to ISO/TC 304 (International Organization for Standardization/Technical Committee 304; healthcare organization management). Requirements for each IPC measure, identified by participating members (P-members) countries during the ISO ballots, were analyzed in this study. The three new work items were approved by the P-members countries after a 3-month ballot. There was a consensus that the three IPC measure models should be International Standards (IS). Other comments include (1) the models should include not only COVID-19 but also any respiratory pandemic; and (2) keep donning of level D protection at screening sites as an optional protocol, in consideration for the lack of personal protective equipment. Standardization is a systematic process of developing internationally agreed-upon wisdom and knowledge that consider and respect the diversity and universality of each country. It is expected that such standardized applicable IPC measure models contribute to global efforts to rapidly respond to a public health emergency of international concern during its early stages.

스마트 교육 커뮤니티 정보기반 도시재생 (Information-Based Urban Regeneration for Smart Education Community)

  • 김우영;서붕교
    • 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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    • 제34권12호
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    • pp.13-20
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    • 2018
  • This research is to analyze the public cases of information facilities in terms of central circulations in multi level volumes such as atrium or court which provide visual intervention between different spaces and physical connections such as bridges. Hunt Library design balances the understood pre-existing needs with the University's emerging needs to create a forward-thinking learning environment. While clearly a contemporary structure within a traditional context of the NCSU campus, the Hunt Library provides a positive platform for influencing its surroundings. Both technical and programmatic innovations are celebrated as part of the learning experience and provide a versatile and stimulating environment for students. Public library as open spaces connecting to an interactive social domain over communities can provide variety of learning environments, or technology based labs. There are many cases of the public information spaces with dynamic networks where participants can play their roles in physical space as well as in the intellectual stimulation. In the research, new public projects provide typologies of information spaces with user oriented media. The research is to address a creative transition between the reading space and the experimental links of the integration of state-of-the-art technology is highly visible in the building's design. The user-friendly browsing system that replaces the traditional browsing with the virtual shelves classified and archived by their form, is to reduce the storage space of the public library and it is to allow more space for collaborative learning. In addition to the intelligent robot of information storages, innovative features is the large-scale visualization space that supports team experiments to carry out collaborative online works and therefore the public library's various programs is to provide visitors with more efficient participatory environment.

스마트시티 개념을 이용한 중소도시재생계획에 대한 연구 - 2015 미국 스마트시티챌린지 공모전을 중심으로 - (Urban Regeneration Plan for Mid-sized Cities Deploying the Concept of Smart City - Focused on the US Smart City Challenge in 2015 -)

  • 유승호;김용승;김소연
    • 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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    • 제35권9호
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    • pp.29-40
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    • 2019
  • The concept of smart city is understood as an indispensable component of urban regeneration projects in small cities in terms of providing a better urban environment and efficient living systems with a limited budget. Recently, the Korean government revised the law that related to the construction of the smart city and started to implement the smart city concept not only to new-large urban development but also to small-existed regeneration projects. However, it is difficult for small and medium-sized cities that are suffering from the insufficient professional workforce; knowledge supports for high-tech and lack of professional networks to proceed smart city planning and project that containing regional characteristics. This paper aims to examine the effective way of urban regeneration for small and medium-sized cities through smart city planning and strategy. As an important case, this paper looks at the 'Smart City Challenge' competition that was hosted by the US Department of Transportation in 2015. It examines the background and operation process of the smart city challenge competition, and then analyses each city's strategy and characteristics of seven finalists. This paper highlights the several key lessons to Korean cities: 1) the importance of national government's support in financial and professional resources; 2) the cooperation with local governments and IT corporations which provides realistic and detailed technical solutions; 3) the holistic and integrated approach to urban regeneration starting from transportation issues; 4) the necessity of the government's clear visions and guidelines toward the smart city.

Analysis of workers's perception for vocational rehabilitation of the mentally disabled

  • Park, Jeong-Hwa
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제25권12호
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    • pp.253-259
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구의 목적은 정신건강서비스 기관 종사자의 정신장애인 직업재활에 대한 인식을 확인하기 위한 서술적 조사하는 것이다. D광역시의 정신건강서비스 기관인 정신건강복지센터와 정신재활시설의 종사자 132명을 대상으로 정신장애인 직업재활, 가족지지, 종사자 역량, 종사자 욕구로 구성된 설문지를 이용하여 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계분석, 독립된 t 검정, 분산분석, 피어슨 상관관계 분석, 다중회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구결과 정신건강서비스 기관 종사자의 정신장애인 직업재활에 대한 종사자 욕구는 정신재활시설이 정신건강복지센터보다 높게 나타났고, 종사자의 역량이 정신장애인 직업능력이나 가족지지에 비해 유의하게 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다. 향후 정신건강서비스 기관 종사자의 정신장애인 직업재활에 대한 역량을 강화시킴으로써 궁극적으로 정신장애인 직업재활의 활성화를 도모할 수 있을 것이다.

Model of Future Teacher's Professional Labor Training (Art & Craft Teacher)

  • Tytarenko, Valentyna;Tsyna, Andriy;Tytarenko, Valerii;Blyzniuk, Mykola;Kudria, Oksana
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.21-30
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    • 2021
  • Economic transformations have led to an increase in the role of creative assets and their central role in public life. Changes in creative activity have led to a change in the organization of the work of institutes engaged in the training of specialists, in particular teachers of labor education. Methods and approaches to training determine the development of creative industries, being the basis for models of professional training of future teachers of labor training. The purpose of an article was to develop a modern model of professional training of future teachers of labor training based on the concept of creative economy. The methodology is based on the concepts of holistic craft and creative economy. Based on the integration of pedagogical learning models "Craft as design and problem-solving", "Craft as skill and knowledge building", "Craft as product-making" and "Craft as self-expression" developed and experimentally confirmed the conceptual model of professional training of future teachers of labor training. The proposed model forms a practitioner with professional, technical, digital and creative skills who is able to transfer the experience to students. The training course "Creativity and creative thinking" has been developed. The model provided for the development of a course based on the strategy of developing professional creativity, flexibility, improvisation, openness, student activity, joint practice, student-oriented approach. The practical value implies the adaptation of the developed model of professional training of future teachers of labor education during the training of teachers in higher education, which is confirmed in the experiment.

작업치료사의 직업기초능력 우선순위 조사연구 (Survey Study about the Priority of Vocational Core Competence for the Occupational Therapist)

  • 박아름;손성민
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.208-216
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구의 목적은 작업치료사의 직업기초능력 우선순위를 조사하는 데 있다. 연구대상은 작업치료사 138명과 작업치료과 재학생 95명이다. 대상자들에게 직업기초능력에 관한 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 작업기초능력에 대한 요소들을 확인하였다. 그 결과, 작업치료사와 재학생 두 집단 모두에서 직업기초능력에 대한 필요성을 느낀다고 나타났으며, 의사소통능력, 대인관계능력, 문제해결능력을 중요하다고 나타났고, 자신 또한 소유하고 있다고 나타났다. 하지만, 작업치료과 재학생 집단에서 기술능력을 중요하게 생각한다고 나타났지만 가장 소유하고 있지 않다고 나타났다. 이에 따라서, 작업치료사로써 실제 직무수행에 필요한 다양한 기술에 관한 지식과 정보를 수집할 수 있는 교육과정을 고려해봐야 할 것이다.