• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.158-162
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• 2006

두부의 저장 중 신선도를 판정 할 수 있는 신선도표시계를 제작하여 두부의 표면에 부착하여 품질변화를 측정하였다. 부패시점을 판정하기 위하여 pH, VBN, TBARS, 총균수 및 관능검사를 수행하였다. 두부의 저장 중 품질변화를 측정한 결과 신선도표시계의 반응 시점과 같은 저장 8일째에 두부는 부패초기수준에 도달하여 pH는 5.6, 총균수는 7.63 log CFU/g의 값을 나타내었다. 또한 VBN, TBARS 값도 상승하였고, 관능검사 결과도 저장 8일 이후에는 이취 및 표면에 점질물 생성 및 조직의 저하 등 가식이 불가능 하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 사용된 신선도표시계는 두부의 저장 중 신선도를 실시간으로 나타내줌으로써 두부의 유통기한 확립 측면에서 매우 유용한 도구가 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2003

도체등급과 쑥 분말의 첨가가 소시지의 저장 안정성에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 위하여 B 등급육과 E 등급육(경산 모돈육)에 쑥 분말을 0.3% 첨가한 것과 첨가하지 않은 소시지를 제조하고, 4$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$에서 8주 동안 저장하면서 pH, 휘발성 염기태질소(VBN) 함량, TBARS 값, 일반세균수 및 아질산염 잔류량에 대하여 검토하였다. 소시지의 pH는 B 등급육으로 제조한 소시지가 낮고, 냉장 중 쑥 분말을 첨가한 소시지가 현저한 차이는 아니었지만 비교적 낮았다. VBN 함량은 원료육과 쑥 분말 첨가에 의한 현저한 차이가 없었다. TBARS 값은 원료육의 등급에 따라 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 냉장 중 쑥 분말을 첨가한 소시지가 낮게 나타났다. 일반 세균수는 원료육의 등급에 의한 현저한 차이를 보이지 않았고, 냉장 중 쑥 분말을 첨가한 소시지가 적게 나타났다. 아질산염 잔류량은 원료육에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았고, 냉장 중 쑥 분말 첨가에 의해 감소되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.218-222
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• 2006

본 연구는 돈육 등심 부위 근육을 이용하여 유산균을 첨가하지 않은 대조구와 10% 유산균 L. casei KCTC 3109를 첨가한 처리구 $T_1$구의 비교실험을 통하여 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 효과를 측정하였다. 돈육의 일반성분에서 수분, 제방, 회분은 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 단백질 함량은 대조구가 $T_1$구보다 유의적으로 높았다. 등심 부위의 pH와 보수성은 $T_1$구가 유의적으로 높았으나(p<0.05) 가열감량은 대조구가 높은 경향을 보였다. 육색은 명도, 적색도 및 황색도에서 대조구가 $T_1$구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). TBARS 치는 3일간 정치배양한 $T_1$구가 0.02 MA mg/1,000 g으로 대조구 0.19 MA mg/1,000 g보다 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05).

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.829-835
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• 2003

도체등급과 쑥 분말이 돼지고기 수육의 저장안정성에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 위하여 B등급육 또는 E등급육 (경산모돈육)에 쑥 분말을 0.3% 첨가하거나 첨가하지 않은 수육을 제조하였다. 제조된 수육은 $4\pm1^{\circ}C$에서 8주 동안 냉장하면서 pH, 휘발성염기질소(VBN) 함량, TBARS 값, 일반세균수 및 아질산이온 잔류량에 대하여 실험하였다. 수육의 pH는 원료육의 등급과 쑥 분말 첨가여부에 관계없이 냉장 4주까지 감소하다가 6주부터 증가하였으며, 이때에 쑥 분말을 첨가한 것이 변화의 폭이 적었다. VBN 함량은 원료육과 쑥 분말 첨가에 의한 현저한 차이가 없었다. 수육의 TBARS 값, 일반세균수 및 아질산이온 잔류량은 원료육의 등급에 따라 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 쑥분말 첨가에 의하여 수육의 TBARS 값은 낮아지고, 일반세균수가 적게 나타났으며, 아질산이온 잔류량이 감소되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate whether dietary factors, normal fat and genistein leads to beneficial improvement of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in adult hyperlipidemic male rats. Seven wk-old male SD rats were fed high fat diet (15% fat, 1% cholesterol) for 4 wks for induction of hyperlipidemic model rat. Weight-matched rats were then assigned to four groups according to dietary fat level (7% or 15% fat) and genistein contents (0 or 320 mg/kg diet). Food intake was significantly decreased by both high fat intake and genistein supplementation compared with normal fat intake and genistein no supplementaion. But weight gain was significantly decreased by genistein supplementation in normal fat intake compared with the other groups. Total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum and liver were significantly decreased by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. But total cholesterol in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation in both high fat and normal fat intake. TBARS in serum and liver was less produced by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake but TBARS in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation compared with genistein no supplementation in normal fat intake. Glutathione reductase activity in erythrocytes was significantly reduced by genistein supplementation in normal fat intake compared with the other groups. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in liver were significantly inhibited by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. Catalase activity in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation compared with genistein no supplementation in high fat intake. Nitrite was significantly decreased by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. These results suggest that normal fat intake has the treatment effect against risk factors related with cardiovascular disease by reducing lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation. And genistein shows action as a antioxidant replacing antioxidant enzymes but also may act as prooxidant causing the production of TBARS.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2019

Liver sausage is flavorful and highly nutritious. However, liver has a relatively short shelf life due to acceleration of oxidation in the presence of endogenous enzymes and metals. Powders derived from natural sources, including plants or fruits, are applied to meat products for inhibiting oxidation without adverse effects on their quality. Hence, this study investigated the effects of natural powders derived from green tea leaf (GTL), lotus leaf (LL), and kimchi (KC) on the quality and change in lipid oxidation and freshness of chicken liver sausages during two weeks of storage. Chicken liver sausages were manufactured with chicken breast (70%) and liver (20%), pork back fat (5%), iced water (5%), various additives, and GTL, LL, and KC [0 (control) or 1%]. They were processed in three batches. For determination of the quality characteristics of chicken liver sausages with various plant powders, pH, color, and texture properties were assessed. In addition, lipid oxidation and freshness using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) were analyzed at day 0 and week 2 of refrigerated storage. Higher values were obtained for pH and cooking yield in sausage samples with LL and KC powders than in samples with the other treatments. For a* values, the sausage samples with KC showed similar (p > 0.05) values, whilst others had significantly lower values than the control. The addition of the three powders to sausage samples induced an increase (p < 0.05) in hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. The addition of plant powders did not influence TBARS and TVBN of sausage samples at the initial stage. However, after two weeks of storage, significantly lower TBARS and TVBN values were observed, and the sausage with KC (p < 0.05) showed the lowest values of both TBARS and TVBN. The results showed the potential ability of the three powders to improve the quality and inhibit lipid oxidation in liver sausages. Particularly, the addition of KC did not adversely affect the $a^*$ values of sausage samples. The effects on sensory properties and inhibition mechanisms of GTL, LL, and KC in meat products should be further studied.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.421-429
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• 2019

Objective: In this study, the effects of vacuum (VP) and high-oxygen modified atmosphere ($80%\;O_2+20%\;CO_2$) packaging (HiOx-MAP) on physico-chemical and microbiological properties of minced water buffalo meat were investigated. Methods: After minced meat preparation, samples were packaged under VP and HiOx-MAP and stored at $2^{\circ}C{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ for 14 days. Samples taken on certain days were subjected to total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, total aerobic psychrotrophic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae and yeast-mold counts as well as pH, color ($L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) analyses. Results: In minced water buffalo meat packaged under HiOx-MAP, TBARS value exceeded 1 mg malondialdehyde/kg on the 4th day of the storage. In VP samples, TBARS value remained close to initial TBARS value during storage. According to the findings, $a^*$ value was determined to be high in the HiOx-MAP samples within initial days of the storage. However, no significant changes in $a^*$ value were observed in VP samples during storage. In contrast, the mean value of $L^*$ was detected as higher in HiOx-MAP sample than VP samples. The count of psychrotrophic bacteria increased more than that of mesophilic bacteria during storage. The growth of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas was delayed in both the packaging methods. However, lactic acid bacteria exhibited more growth in VP samples compared to MAP samples. Conclusion: The lipid oxidation proceeded faster than expected in minced water buffalo meat packed with HiOx-MAP method. This situation adversely affected the $a^*$ value. On the other hand, similar microbiological results were obtained in both packing methods.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권11호
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• pp.1767-1775
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 무순을 발아시기별로 70% 에탄올, 80% 메탄올, 75% 아세톤, 물 등 용매종류에 따라 추출한 후 폴리페놀 함량과 전자 공여능, TBARS, 산화안정도 측정, 과산화물가 등 항산화특성을 확인하는 실험을 하였다. 폴리페놀 함량은 발아 4일째에서 에탄올추출물이 296.51 mg/g으로 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며 다음으로 메탄올추출물이 219.39 mg/g으로 많았다. 발아 8일째에서는 에탄올추출물의 함량이 가장 높았으며 메탄올추출물과 아세톤추출물은 각각 197.72 mg/g, 200.45 mg/g으로 유의차가 없는 것으로 나타났다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능 측정에서 발아 4일째에 물추출물이 86.67%로 가장 높은 소거능을 보였으며 아세톤추출물에서 77.23%로 낮은 소거능을 보였다. 발아 8일째 라디칼 소거능은 아세톤추출물이 89.18%로 가장 높았으며 에탄올추출물이 70.14%로 가장 낮은 소거능을 보였다. 또 발아 12일째의 라디칼 소거능은 4일째와 비슷한 양상을 보였다. TBARS를 통한 지질과산화 억제효과 측정에서 발아 4일째 무순추출물의 TBARS값은 70% 에탄올추출물이 71.48%로 가장 높은 값을 보였으며 발아 8일째가 되면서 TBARS값이 상승하여 메탄올추출물이 78.99%로 높은 값을 보였고, 아세톤 추출물의 값이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 발아 12일이 되면서 TBARS값은 상대적으로 낮아졌으며, 발아 4일째와 유사한 경향의 값을 나타내었다. Rancimat에 의한 산화안정도 측정에서 발아 4일째의 산화유도기간은 메탄올추출물이 6.07시간으로 가장 높게 나타났고 항산화지표는 1.16의 수준을 보였다. 발아 8일째의 산화유도기간은 발아 4일째 산화유도기간보다 전반적으로 낮게 나타났으며, 메탄올추출물과 에탄올추출물, 아세톤추출물은 비슷한 경향을 보이며 유의차가 없었으나 물추출물의 산화유도기간이 낮게 나타나는 것으로 보였다. 발아 12일이 되면서 전반적인 산화유도기간이 5.25~5.91시간으로 낮게 나타나는 경향을 보였으며 메탄올추출물을 제외한 나머지 추출물은 발아 4일째와 유사한 패턴을 보였다. 항산화지표 또한 1.00~1.13의 수준을 나타냈다. 과산화물가 측정에서 무순추출물의 과산화물가는 저장기간이 길어질수록 유의적으로 증가하였다. 발아 4일째 저장기간 0일에서 각 추출물들이 3.02~4.21 meq/kg oil로 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 저장기간 60일에서 물추출물이 43.83 meq/kg oil과 메탄올추출물에서 45.42 meq/kg oil을 나타내어 두 추출물이 가장 낮은 값을 나타내 황산화 효과가 높았으며 발아 8일째와 발아 12일째의 무순추출물에서도 모두 비슷한 경향을 보이며 저장기간이 늘어날수록 과산화물가도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 무순추출물은 총 페놀 함량이 높고 항산화활성도 높게 나타나 천연항산화제와 같은 식품첨가물 및 식품보존제 등 기능성소재로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.159-162
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• 2001

Plant stress incurred by flooding was studied in terms of oxidative stress, using greened rice seedlings subjected to a complete submergence followed by re-exposure to air under illumination ($30W/m^2$). It appeared that shoot tissues of the seedlings suffered oxygen deficiency during the flooding treatment, pertinent to the general concept. Interestingly enough, however, membrane peroxidation in shoots was enhanced by the submergence, as assessed by the content of 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and the re-aeration resulted in a rapid reduction of TBARS content. Such pattern of response was also seen in the change in the steady state level of $H_2O_2$. In contrast, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase that are involved in the detoxifying processes of superoxide in plant cells were significantly activated only during the re-aeration. These results allowed us to suggest the followings as a working hypothesis. Photorespiration-linked production of $H_2O_2$ may largely contribute to the increase in $H_2O_2$ level as well as TBARS production in shoots during the submergence. An abrupt re-supply of $CO_2$ by the re-aeration brings the photosynthetic apparatus back to full operation, suppressing photorespiration and probably causing a momentary, excess formation of superoxide and its dismutation product through side reaction, which gives rise to activating substrate-inducible antioxidative enzymes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1189-1196
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• 1998

The antiatherogenic effect of kimchi ingredients was studied in terms of antioxidative effect against Newzealand white rabbits that fed 1% cholesterol. Experimental groups was fed 8% Baechu (Brassica pekiinensis), or 1% red pepper(Capsium annum), or 1% garlic(Allium sativum) for 12 weeks. Blood samples were drawn every 2 weeks to analyze vitamin E, POV, and TBARS. Hepatic antioxidative enzyme activity, vitamin E, and carotene concentration also were measured. Plasma TBARS and POV level were markedly lowered in both red pepper and garlic fed rabbits(p<0.05) compared to control. Hepatic POV and protein carbonyl values were lowered in the rabbits fed kimchi ingredients compared to control(p<0.05). Plasma vitamin E concentration was increased in the rabbits fed red pepper and garlic compared to control(p<0.05). Hepatic vitamin E concentration was increased in red pepper and garlicfed rabbits compared to control. For the hepatic antioxidative enzyme acitivity, catalase activity was significantly increased in red pepper and garlic fed rabbits compared to control. Therefore, Baechu, red pepper, and garlic exert an antioxidative effect against rabbits fed 1% cholesterol for 3 months.