• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.63-70
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• 2019

Objective : Arnebiae Radix, the roots of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. or A. guttata Bunge, is a well-known traditional herbal medicine in East Asia. In the Korean Pharmacopoeia, three authentic species, including two Arnebia and Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. have recognized as a Lithospermi Radix. But, the morphological and taxonomic information of two authentic Arnebia species lacks date since their distribution and difficulty of accessing the natural habitats. Methods : A full description of the external morphological characteristics of vegetative and reproductive organs in the original plants was carried out using digital calipers and stereoscope. For providing their taxonomic and nomenclatural synonyms, we reviewed various plant checklists and taxonomic literature. Results : This study provides taxonomic information of A. euchroma and A. guttata based on a morphological examination of authentic plant individuals and field observations. Detailed descriptions of the two Arnebia species, major quantitative and qualitative characteristics, nomenclatural reviews, distribution maps, and lists of voucher specimens examined are provided. The shape of leaves, root length, stem number, calyx length and pubescence as well as corolla color were useful characteristics for identification. Moreover, we confirmed that A. euchroma and A. guttata are clearly heterostylous species. Conclusion : Our research provides valuable basic information that could be used as quality control for distinguishing between Arnebiae Radix and its adulterants. These results will help in the understanding of authentic plants and also provide the verified materials and voucher information.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 1988

The Fucales plants have very homogenous taxonomic characteristics at order level, but show many morphological variatations at species or subspecies levels. This study is one of the serial works to obtain more taxonomic data than morphotaxonomic ones and to clarify the taxonomic ranks and characteristics of Korean Fucales plants through physiological and biochemical analyses. Total lipid compositions of Korean Fucales plants were analyzed by the 3-dimensional TLC method. Major components of phospholipids (PA, PC, PG, PE, DPG, LPE, LPC), neutral fat TG and sterols were commonly contained in each species. Unknown lipids X1, X2 and X3 were contained in genus Sargassum, but Hizikia was lacking X3 and Myagropsis was lacking both X2 and X3. The latter contained unique X8. From the view-point of the phylogeny of lipid metabolism, Sargassum might be more closely related to Hizikia than to Myagropsis. A variant of S. patens from Seongsan showed minute metabolic difference from that of the typical plant; but a variant of S. serratifolium did not show any significant difference from that of the typical plant.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2022

The genus Prunus (family: Rosaceae) consists of over 400 plant species and exhibits vast biodiversity worldwide. Given the wide distribution of this genus, its taxonomic classification is important. Anatomical characteristics are conserved and stable and can therefore be used as an important tool for the taxonomic characterization of plants. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and document the anatomical characteristics of the leaf, stem, and seed of P. africana using micrographs and photographs for possible use in the identification, quality control, and phylogenetic analysis of the species. The anatomical sections of a young stem revealed a cortex consisting of isodiametric parenchyma cells, druse crystals, primary vascular bundles, and pith. The mature stem bark majorly consisted of the rhytidome, with the periderm densely arranged in multiple layers; a cluster of stone cells; and sclerenchyma. The leaf sections were hypostomatic, with stomata sizes ranging from 18.90-(22.34)-26.90 × 15.41-(18.40)-21.22 ㎛. The leaf sections showed the presence of characteristic druse crystals, vascular bundles, and mesophyll layers. The pericarp contained the epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp, with their thickness being approximately 350-400, 300-350, and 30-50 ㎛, respectively. In addition, it contained a seed testa with a thickness of approximately 50-60 ㎛. The morphological and anatomical characteristics observed in P. africana leaves, stems, and seeds in this study could serve as useful data for the taxonomic identification of this species.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 2012

The morphology and taxonomic values of the sperm in male Chlamys (Swiftopecten) swiftii were investigated by transmission electron microscope observations. The morphologies and ultrastructures of the sperm nucleus and the acrosome of this species are the vase type and long cone shape, respectively. Spermatozoa are approximately $45-50{\mu}m$ long including a sperm nucleus (approximately $2.60{\mu}m$ long), an acrosome (about $0.63{\mu}m$ long), and a tail flagellum (approximately $44-47{\mu}m$ in long). The axoneme of the sperm tail shows a 9+2 structure. In this study, the right and left basal rings in the acrosomal vesicle of this species show electron opaque part (region), and also the anterior apex part of the acrosomal vesicle shows electron opaque part (region). These characteristics of the acrosomal vesicle were found in Pectinidae and other several families in subclass Pteriomorphia. The number of mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm of this species are four, as one of common characteristics appear in most species in Pectinidae in subclass Pteriomorphia. In addition, the satellite fibres are found near the distal centriole of this species, as have been reported in other species of Pectinidae in subclass Pteriomorphia. Accordingly, structutral characteristics which are found in the acrosomal vesicle, four mitochondria in the sperm midpiece and the appearance of the satellite fibers near the distal centriole of C. (S.) swiftii in Pectinidae (subclass Pteriomorphia), can be employed for phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses as taxonomic key or a significant tool.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2011

The ultrastructural characteristics of germ cell development during spermatogenesis and mature sperm morphology of in male Scapharca subcrenata were investigated by transmission electron microscope observation. Spermatogonia are located nearest the outer wall of the acinus, while spermatocytes and spermatids are positioned near the accessory cells. The accessory cells, which is in close contact with developing germ cells, contained a large quantity of glycogen particles and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Therefore, it is assumed that they are involved in supplying of the nutrients for germ cell development. The morphologies of the sperm nucleus and the acrosome of this species are the oval shape and cone shape, respectively. Spermatozoa are approximately 45-$50{\mu}m$ in length including a sperm nucleus (about $1.30{\mu}m$ in length), an acrosome (about $0.59{\mu}m$ in length), and tail flagellum (about 43-$47{\mu}m$). The axoneme of the sperm tail shows a 9 + 2 structure. As some characteristics of the acrosomal vesicle structures, the right and left basal rings show electron opaque part (region), and also the anterior apex part of the acrosomal vesicle shows electron opaque part (region). These characteristics of the acrosomal vesicle were found in Acinidae and other several families in subclass Pteriomorphia. These common characteristics of the acrosomal vesicle in subclass Pteriomorphia can be used for phylogenetic and taxonomic analysis as a taxonomic key or a significant tool. The number of mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm of this species are five, as one of common characteristics appear in most species in Arcidae and other families in subclass Pteriomorphia. The acrosomal vesicles of Arcidae species do not contain the axial rod and several transverse bands in acrosome, unlkely as seen in Ostreidae species in subclass Pteriomorphia, These characteristics can be used for the taxonomic analysis of the family or superfamily levels as a systematic key or tools.

• ALGAE
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.91-105
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• 2004

Ten taxa of the genus Spirogyra (Zygnemataceae, Chlorophyta) in Korea were examined for morphology and taxonomic category with field as well as cultured materials: S. africana (Fritsch) Czurda, S. decimina (Muller) Kutzing, S. distenta Transeau, S. dubia Kutzing, S. ellipsospora Transeau, S. ellipsospora var. crassoidea Transeau, S. gracilis (Hassall) Kutzing, S. submajuscula Kutzing, S. peipingensis Jao and S. variformis Transeau. Features of vegetative cell and female gametangium, shape of septum, chloroplast number, sexuality, size and shape of zygospore, and ornamentation of spore wall were major characteristics used for determination of the species. All of them were described for the first time in Korea.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2021

South Korea presently harbors less than 800 long-tailed gorals (Naemorhedus caudatus), an endangered species. I report for the first time on the taxonomic status and genetic diversity of the Korean species using non-invasive fecal sampling based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence analyses. To determine the taxonomic status of this species, I reconstructed a consensus neighbor-joining tree and generated a minimum spanning network combining haplotype sequences obtained from feces with a new goral-specific primer set developed using known sequences of the Korean goral and related species (e.g., Russian goral, Chinese goral, Himalayan goral, Japanese serow, etc.). I also examined the genetic diversity of this species. The Korean goral showed only three different haplotypes. The phylogenetic tree and parsimony haplotype network revealed a single cluster of Korean and Russian gorals, separate from related species. Generally, the Korean goral has a relatively low genetic diversity compared with that of other ungulate species (e.g., moose and red deer). I preliminarily showcased the application of non-invasive fecal sampling to the study of genetic characteristics, including the taxonomic status and genetic diversity of gorals, based on mitochondrial DNA. More phylogenetic studies are necessary to ensure the conservation of goral populations throughout South Korea.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2020

Pagurus is the most diverse hermit crab genus in Korea. In this study, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA of 24 individuals from four Korean Pagurus species (i.e., 7 Pagurus brachiomastus, 8 P. proximus, 8 P. simulans, and 1 P. rectidactylus) were sequenced and analyzed. No genetic difference was found between the COI and 16S rRNA sequences of P. brachiomastus and P. simulans, and the COI sequences of P. rectidactylus and P. quinquelineatus (comparative species from NCBI). Considering the morphological and ecological characteristics together, we assume that P. simulans and P. rectidactylus are subspecies of P. brachiomastus and P. quinquelineatus, respectively. This study should facilitate further research on the taxonomic status of these species.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.2 s.89
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• pp.147-157
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• 1999

This paper is the eighth contribution towards taxonomic studies on Cercospora and allied genera, and contains ten species of Korean cercosporoid fungi; viz., Cercospora brassicicola, C. flagellaris, C. sesami, C. zinniae, Passalora amurensis, Pseudocercospora balsaminae, P. humuli, P. puderi, P. salicina, and Stenella dianthi. Morphological characteristics of taxonomic value are described and illustrated for these species to contribute towards a mycological monograph of Korean cercosporoid fungi.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.2 s.89
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• pp.138-146
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• 1999

This paper is the seventh contribution towards taxonomic studies on Cercospora and allied genera, and contains ten species of Korean cercosporoid fungi; viz., Cercospora arcti-ambrosiae, C. cichorii, C. kikuchii, C. subhyalina, Neoramularia koreana, Pseudocercospora ligustri, P. oenotherae, P. rubi, P. zelkowae, and Ramularia archangelicae. Morphological characteristics of taxonomic value are described and illustrated for these species to contribute towards a mycological monograph of Korean cercosporoid fungi.