• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2018

Service composition in the Inter-Cloud raises new challenges that are caused by the different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the users, which are served by different geo-distributed Cloud providers. This paper aims to explore how to select and compose such services while considering how to reach high efficiency on cost and response time, low network latency, and high reliability across multiple Cloud providers. A new hybrid multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to perform the above task called LS-NSGA-II-DE is proposed, in which the differential evolution (DE) algorithm uses the adaptive mutation operator and crossover operator to replace the those of the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) to get the better convergence and diversity. At the same time, a Local Search (LS) method is performed for the Non-dominated solution set F{1} in each generation to improve the distribution of the F{1}. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm performs well in terms of the solution distribution and convergence, and in addition, the optimality ability and scalability are better compared with those of the other algorithms.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.181-192
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• 2004

This paper presents an efficient speech interactive agent rendering smooth car navigation and Telematics services, by employing embedded automatic speech recognition (ASR), distributed speech recognition (DSR) and text-to-speech (ITS) modules, all while enabling safe driving. A speech interactive agent is essentially a conversational tool providing command and control functions to drivers such' as enabling navigation task, audio/video manipulation, and E-commerce services through natural voice/response interactions between user and interface. While the benefits of automatic speech recognition and speech synthesizer have become well known, involved hardware resources are often limited and internal communication protocols are complex to achieve real time responses. As a result, performance degradation always exists in the embedded H/W system. To implement the speech interactive agent to accommodate the demands of user commands in real time, we propose to optimize the hardware dependent architectural codes for speed-up. In particular, we propose to provide a composite solution through memory reconfiguration and efficient arithmetic operation conversion, as well as invoking an effective out-of-vocabulary rejection algorithm, all made suitable for system operation under limited resources.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.2815-2839
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• 2020

In a cloud computing paradigm, allocation of various virtualized ICT resources is a complex problem due to the presence of heterogeneous application (MapReduce, content delivery and networks web applications) workloads having contentious allocation requirements in terms of ICT resource capacities (resource utilization, execution time, response time, etc.). This task of resource allocation becomes more challenging due to finite available resources and increasing consumer demands. Therefore, many unique models and techniques have been proposed to allocate resources efficiently. However, there is no published research available in this domain that clearly address this research problem and provides research taxonomy for classification of resource allocation techniques including strategic, target resources, optimization, scheduling and power. Hence, the main aim of this paper is to identify open challenges faced by the cloud service provider related to allocation of resource such as servers, storage and networks in cloud computing. More than 70 articles, between year 2007 and 2020, related to resource allocation in cloud computing have been shortlisted through a structured mechanism and are reviewed under clearly defined objectives. Lastly, the evolution of research in resource allocation techniques has also been discussed along with salient future directions in this area.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.749-753
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• 2008

Proprioception defined it as the ability to detect, the spatial position or movement of joints using balance, power of the muscle, agility in the internal parts of the body. In existing study for improvement of proprioception, reaching task training provided a feedback; the assessment was not provided a feedback. But, this has problem that it can not guide a proprioception from situation with visual feedback. Virtual reality technique can solve the problem of way providing feedback during training. In this study, we developed proprioception training program using virtual reality and pilot study is performed. VR task were composed three modes. In mode 1, real-time movement of the body was provided using visual feedback. In mode 2, body position was provided using visual feedback when participant have specific response. And in mode 3, body position was not provided. VR task is performed five sessions at each mode and one session performed one by one a three target. In the result of this study, the moving time toward the target from mode 3 was smaller than the moving time toward the target from mode 1 (p= 0.001). The correlation was statistically significant between mode 2 and mode 3 while be offering visual feedback position of mode 2 1session. But, the correlation was not statistically significant between mode 2 and mode 3 after be offered visual feedback position of mode2 1session (p = 0.012). Training environment of mode 1 shows which training used visual feedback than proprioception. Mode2 can execute training of proprioception because first session acquires visual feedback by proprioception. The next study will be verification of the system for training or assessment by clinical experiment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.8B
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• pp.716-729
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• 2003

As the public Internet and private internet have grown from small networks into large infrastructures, the need to more systematically manage the large number of network components within these networks has grown more important as well. The rapid growth of network size has brought into question the salability of the existing centralized model, such as SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol) and CMIP(Common Management Information Protocol). Thus, for efficient network management, researches about mobile agent have also been performed recently. This paper presents analytical models of centralized approach based on SNMP protocol, distributed approach based on mobile agent, and mixed mode to make up for shortcomings of SNMP and mobile agent. We compare the performance of these analytical models based on network management response time. Experiment results show that performance of mobile agent and the nixed mode is less sensitive to the delay in WAN network environment. However, SNMP is more efficient for the simple network environment like LAN. We also propose an adaptive network management algorithm in consideration of network t environment. delay, task, and the number of nodes based on the results of analytical models. The results show that the adaptive network management algorithm can reduce the network management response time by 10% compared with either mobile agent or mixed mode network management algorithm.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.242-250
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate whether Stroop-related cognitive task will be affected according to the preceding affective valence factored by matchedness in response time(RT) and whether facial recognition will be indexed by specific event-related potentials(ERPs) signature in normal person as in patients suffering from affective disorder. ERPs primed by subliminal(30ms) facial stimuli were recorded when presented with four pairs of affect(positive or negative) and cognitive task(matched or mismatched) to get ERP effects(N2 and P300) in terms of its amplitude and peak latency variations. Behavioral response analysis based on RTs confirmed that subliminal affective stimuli primed the target processing in all affective condition except for the neutral stimulus. Additional results for the ERPs performed in the negative affect with mismatched condition reached significance of emotional-face specificity named N2 showing more amplitude and delayed peak latency compared to the positive counterpart. Furthermore the condition shows more positive amplitude and earlier peak latency of P300 effect denoting cognitive closure than the corresponding positive affect condition. These results are suggested to reflect that negative affect stimulus in subliminal level is automatically inhibited such that this effect had influence on accelerating detection of the affect and facilitating response allowing adequate reallocation of attentional resources. The functional and cognitive significance with these findings was implied in terms of subliminal effect and affect-related recognition modulating the cognitive tasks.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.288-296
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• 2021

Automated face recognition in a runtime environment is gaining more and more important in the fields of surveillance and urban security. This is a difficult task keeping in mind the constantly volatile image landscape with varying features and attributes. For a system to be beneficial in industrial settings, it is pertinent that its efficiency isn't compromised when running on roads, intersections, and busy streets. However, recognition in such uncontrolled circumstances is a major problem in real-life applications. In this paper, the main problem of face recognition in which full face is not visible (Occlusion). This is a common occurrence as any person can change his features by wearing a scarf, sunglass or by merely growing a mustache or beard. Such types of discrepancies in facial appearance are frequently stumbled upon in an uncontrolled circumstance and possibly will be a reason to the security systems which are based upon face recognition. These types of variations are very common in a real-life environment. It has been analyzed that it has been studied less in literature but now researchers have a major focus on this type of variation. Existing state-of-the-art techniques suffer from several limitations. Most significant amongst them are low level of usability and poor response time in case of any calamity. In this paper, an improved face recognition system is developed to solve the problem of occlusion known as FRS-OCC. To build the FRS-OCC system, the color and texture features are used and then an incremental learning algorithm (Learn++) to select more informative features. Afterward, the trained stack-based autoencoder (SAE) deep learning algorithm is used to recognize a human face. Overall, the FRS-OCC system is used to introduce such algorithms which enhance the response time to guarantee a benchmark quality of service in any situation. To test and evaluate the performance of the proposed FRS-OCC system, the AR face dataset is utilized. On average, the FRS-OCC system is outperformed and achieved SE of 98.82%, SP of 98.49%, AC of 98.76% and AUC of 0.9995 compared to other state-of-the-art methods. The obtained results indicate that the FRS-OCC system can be used in any surveillance application.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2018

This study examined the type and extent of interruption between induced emotion and succeeding arithmetic operation. The experiment was carried out to determine the influence of the induced emotions (anger, joy, and sorrow) and stimulus types (picture and sentence) on the cognitive process load that may block the interactions among the constituents of working memory. The study subjects were 32 undergraduates who were similar with respect to age and education parameters and were especially instructed to attend to induced emotion by imitation of facial expression and to make a correct decision during the remainder calculation task. In the results, the stimulus types did not exhibit any difference but there was a significant difference among the induced emotion types. The difference was observed in slower response time at positive emotion(joy condition) as compared with other emotions(anger and sorrow). More specifically, error and delayed correct response rate for emotion types were analysed to determine which phase the slower response was associated with. Delayed responses of the joy condition by sentence-inducing stimulus were identified with the error rate difference, and those by picture-inducing stimulus with the delayed correct response rate. These findings not only suggest that induced positive emotion increased response time compared to negative emotions, but also imply that picture-inducing stimulus easily affords arithmetic fluctuation whereas sentence-inducing stimulus results in arithmetic failure.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.195-215
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• 2016

Rehabilitation of historical unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings is a priority in many parts of the world, since those buildings are a living part of history and a testament of human achievement of the era of their construction. Many of these buildings are still operational; comprising brittle materials with no reinforcements, with spatially distributed mass and stiffness, they are not encompassed by current seismic assessment procedures that have been developed for other structural types. To facilitate the difficult task of selecting a proper rehabilitation strategy - often restricted by international treaties for non-invasiveness and reversibility of the intervention - and given the practical requirements for the buildings' intended reuse, this paper presents a practical procedure for assessment of seismic demands of URM buildings - mainly historical constructions that lack a well-defined diaphragm action. A key ingredient of the method is approximation of the spatial shape of lateral translation, ${\Phi}$, that the building assumes when subjected to a uniform field of lateral acceleration. Using ${\Phi}$ as a 3-D shape function, the dynamic response of the system is evaluated, using the concepts of SDOF approximation of continuous systems. This enables determination of the envelope of the developed deformations and the tendency for deformation and damage localization throughout the examined building for a given design earthquake scenario. Deformation demands are specified in terms of relative drift ratios referring to the in-plane and the out-of-plane seismic response of the building's structural elements. Drift ratio demands are compared with drift capacities associated with predefined performance limits. The accuracy of the introduced procedure is evaluated through (a) comparison of the response profiles with those obtained from detailed time-history dynamic analysis using a suite of ten strong ground motion records, five of which with near-field characteristics, and (b) evaluation of the performance assessment results with observations reported in reconnaissance reports of the field performance of two neoclassical torsionally-sensitive historical buildings, located in Thessaloniki, Greece, which survived a major earthquake in the past.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2009

As the number of personal computers installed in vehicles increases, a touchpad often used in a labtop computer can be used for the control of an in-vehicle information system (IVIS). Using a touchpad to control the system allows the user to select among large amount of information with a single touch of dragging. For safety and convenience of a driver, the touchpad could be placed on a steering wheel. This research is designed to calculate the most efficient Control-Response Ratio (C/R ratio) for the menu interaction of a touchpad on a steering wheel. Since the menu pointer's rate of movement and proper C/R ratio is determined by the amount of selected information, the amount of displayed information and the movement of a menu pointer was chosen to be independent variables. The dependent variables are a user's preference and task completion time. Two factor full factorial within subject design was used 16 subjects. The investigation revealed that the amount of selected information increased with increasing C/R ratio. The movement of the pointer became slower as the amount of information increased. The best C/R ratio was calculated for each amount of information and preference regression of the user's preference was drawn accordingly. Through this research, the automobile interior designer can benefit from the guidelines suggested for the touchpad control.