• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.176-189
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• 2003

Background : Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Korea. Surgical operation is one of the major treatment modalities for gastric cancer patients. Therefore, gastrectomy is one of the most common procedures in General Surgery. There were variation in length of hospital stay and medical treatment for gastrectomy between three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. Clinical pathways have received considerable attention as a tool for reducing the medical practice variation, increasing the efficiency of care process, and improving the quality of care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a clinical pathway for gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients. Methods : The clinical pathway for gastrectomy was developed and implemented by a multidisciplinary group in Asan Medical Center. A computerized clinical pathway program was developed and revised after a pilot test. A total of 145 patients underwent gastrectomy by three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. We compared the length of hospital stay, patient satisfaction, and the unplanned readmission rate between the pre-pathway group (n=67) and the post-pathway group (n=78). We also investigated the degree of satisfaction among the physicians and nurses who were main end-users of the clinical pathway. Results : The clinical pathway was applied to all target patients. The average length of hospital stay was shortened from 12.7days to 10.6days (p<0.01). The degree of patient satisfaction with the care process changed from 90.3% to 89.2% after the implementation of the clinical pathway, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.761). Unplanned readmission rate was 2.9% in the pre-pathway group and 0% in the post-pathway group. More than 90% of physicians and nurses answered that the clinical pathway had been a useful tool in their medical practice. Conclusions : The findings of the study demonstrated that implementation of the clinical pathway for gastrectomy produced substantial reduction in the length of hospital stay while improving the quality of patient outcomes. The computerized clinical pathway program can be used as one of the powerful patient management tools for reducing the practice variations and increasing the efficiency of care process in Korean hospital settings.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.35-54
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to assess variation of body sway prior to and after submaximal treadmill exercise; to determine the time course of the effects of a fatiguing performed on a treadmill on body sway; and to compare position sense prior to and after exercise in order to assess any variance in proprioception caused by submaximal treadmill exercise. The subjects were twenty-four healthy men in their twenties. They stood barefoot on the Kinesthetic Ability Training Balance Platform to measure body sway. Control trials were performed with eyes alternately open and closed. In the eyes open condition, they were asked to look at a target placed at eye level 1 m in front them. A total of 10 trials, each lasting 20 seconds, were performed. After this series of trials, position sense was measured. Subjects then exercised on the treadmill until 85% of each person's maximal heart rate was reached. The first series of postural sway measurements began immediately after this exercise. The second identical series of postural sway trials was performed at approximately 10 minutes after exercise. The third series was performed approximately 20 minutes after exercise. This allowed approximately 5 minutes of rest between each experimental series. Position sense was measured at approximately 15 and 25 minutes after exercise. The results were as follows: 1) There was a significant increase in body sway after submaximal treadmill exercise compared to pre-exercise values under both visual conditions (p<.05). 2) After submaximal treadmill exercise, under the eyes open condition, the mean value of body sway was significantly increased after both the first and second series (p<.05). Under the eyes closed condition, the mean value of body sway increased significantly after the first series but decreased significantly after the third series (p<.05). 3) Position sense, measured repeatedly after submaximal treadmill exercise, did not change significantly with respect to pre-exercise values (p>.05). These results suggest that fatigue induced by submaximal treadmill exercise produced an increase in body sway in young healthy subjects with or without visual input, but the increase appeared to be lasting less than 15 minutes. No significant change in position sense suggested that proprioception was unaffected by submaximal treadmill exercise-induced fatigue.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.115-127
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• 2019

본 연구의 대상 공법인 저유동성 그라우팅 주입공법은 모르타르를 주입재로 하여 비배출 치환원리에 의해 지중에 압입하는 공법으로서 지반의 밀도 증대효과를 기대할 수 있고 저소음, 저공해, 내구성 확보와 함께 경우에 따라서는 높은 주입 고결체의 강도를 이용한 기초파일로 사용할 수도 있다. 저유동성 주입공법으로 지반의 동적 특성이 향상됨을 확인하기 위하여 현장에서 시험시공을 실시하고 물리시험을 수행하였으며 코어에 대한 실내시험을 통해 지중에 형성된 개량체 품질을 확인하고 코어회수율 분석을 수행하였다. 밀도검층은 감마선의 컴프턴 산란을 이용하여 지층의 체적 밀도를 산정하였고, 음파검층은 시추공 내에서 음파발생 및 수신장치로 구성된 검층기를 이용하여 시추공 주변의 지반에 대해서 시험을 실시하였다. 그라우팅 전,후 물성변화(밀도검층, 음파검층)를 측정한 결과, 기본적으로 두 물성 모두 그라우트제 주입 후 물성이 증가하여 측정되었다. 다만, 그라우팅 후 속도 증가보다 밀도 증가의 변화 폭이 컸으며, 지반 밀도 측정 방법이 주입재의 충진 효과를 측정하는데 효과적이다. 재령 28일 후 채취한 시료로부터 강도 및 코어회수율을 측정하였으며, 시험결과 개량체의 확산 및 강도시험 결과가 설계기준을 만족시켜 내진성능보강을 만족한 것으로 확인하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.320-326
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• 2017

다단 딥드로잉 기술은 제품의 생산성 향상과 비용 절감을 위해 휴대폰 배터리 케이스 제품의 생산 공정으로 많이 사용하고 있다. 휴대폰 배터리 케이스는 용량과 강성을 목적으로 세장비가 큰 사각 컵 형상으로 제조된다. 사각 컵 형상의 다단 딥드로잉은 세장비가 크고, 복잡한 변형 형태 메커니즘으로 인한 제품의 좌우 높이 차이가 발생한다. 이로 인해 제품 조립과 표면 품질에 문제가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 개선하기 위해 제품의 높이 차이가 최소가 되는 블랭크 형상에 대해 연구했다. 제품 좌우 높이 차이가 최소가 되는 블랭크 형상을 찾기 위해 최적 설계와 해석을 수행했다. 타원형 블랭크의 장변과 단변을 설계 변수로 설정하고, 목적 함수는 높이 차이가 최소가 되도록, 제품의 두께 감소율이 목표 범위에 도달하도록 설정했다. 또한 최종 제품 형상의 높이를 구속 조건으로 설정하였다. 그 결과 최적 설계를 통한 초기 블랭크 설계로 높이 차이가 최소가 되었으며, 원하는 공정을 지정하여 높이 차이가 최소화 되도록 수행 가능하다. 향후 개발된 자동화 프로세스로 인해 모든 각형 타입의 초기 소재 설계가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2017

2011년부터 온실가스 에너지 목표관리제와 같은 국가적 온실가스 감축 규제가 대학에도 적용되기 시작하면서 2000년대 급속한 증가를 보이는 것으로 알려졌던 대학의 온실가스 배출량은 2011년 이후 안정세 및 하락세를 보여 오고 있다. 따라서, 온실가스 배출 규제의 시행을 계기로 대학사회가 온실가스 에너지에 대한 관리를 강화하고 있고 그 효과가 나타나고 있다고 이야기할 수 있게 되었다. 특히, 보다 강력한 제도적 속성을 지닌 배출권거래제 시행 준비 시기에는 총량이 줄어드는 결과를 보이는 등 온실가스 다배출 대학을 중심으로 감소하는 추세로 전환되었다고 평가할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 개별 대학의 온실가스 감축 활동을 세부적으로 추적하지는 않았지만 온실가스 배출에 영향을 끼치는 주요 활동도 자료를 분석하였고, 그 결과 대학의 온실가스 배출이 2011년 이전에는 연구수혜액, 그리고 2013년 이후에는 연면적의 변화가 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다. 이에, 향후 대학의 온실가스 감축 목표 설정 원단위는 연면적을 기준으로 하는 것이 바람직하다고 판단되며, 보다 체계적인 대학의 온실가스 감축을 지원하기 위한 면적 단위 온실가스 배출량의 기준 수립과 관련 정보 공유가 필요하다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

A novel porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) was recently identified in Chinese and Korean pig herds. Although several conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) and real-time PCR (qPCR) assays were used for PCV4 detection, more sensitive and reliable qPCR assay is needed that can simultaneously detect PCV4 and internal positive control (IPC) to avoid false-negative results. In the present study, a duplex qPCR (dqPCR) assay was developed using primers/probe sets targeting the PCV4 Cap gene and pig (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) GAPDH gene as an IPC. The developed dqPCR assay was specifically detected PCV4 but not other PCVs and porcine pathogens, indicating that the newly designed primers/probe set is specific to the PCV4 Cap gene. Furthermore, GAPDH was stably amplified by the dqPCR in all tested viral and clinical samples containing pig cellular materials, indicating the high reliability of the dqPCR assay. The limit of detection of the assay 5 copies of the target PCV4 genes, but the sensitivity of the assay was higher than that of the previously described assays. The assay demonstrated high repeatability and reproducibility, with coefficients of intra-assay and inter-assay variation of less than 1.0%. Clinical evaluation using 102 diseased pig samples from 18 pig farms showed that PCV4 circulated in the Korean pig population. The detection rate of PCV4 obtained using the newly developed dqPCR was 26.5% (27/102), which was higher than that obtained using the previously described cPCR and TaqMan probe-based qPCR and similar to that obtained using the previously described SYBR Green-based qPCR. The dqPCR assay with IPC is highly specific, sensitive, and reliable for detecting PCV4 from clinical samples, and it will be useful for etiological diagnosis, epidemiological study, and control of the PCV4 infections.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권6C호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 먼저 시멘트를 소량 혼합한 고결모래를 대기중에서 재령 3, 7, 14, 21, 28일로 양생한 다음 재령에 따른 일축압축강도 변화를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 시멘트비가 4, 8%로 비교적 낮은 경우, 7일까지는 강도가 지속적으로 증가하지만 그 이후에는 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 시멘트비가 12, 16%로 상대적으로 높은 경우, 7일까지 계속 증가한 강도는 14, 21일까지 비슷한 강도를 나타내지만 28일 강도는 3일 강도보다도 훨씬 감소하였다. 시멘트로 고결된 흙 특히 모래나 자갈을 혼합한 CSG(cemented sand and gravel) 재료는 투수성이 좋기 때문에 양생기간 동안 내리는 강우나 지하 수위 변화로 습윤 상태와 건조 상태가 반복될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 일정 기간 양생한 후 현장에서 발생할 수 있는 수침과 건조 상태를 반복하면서 고결모래의 일축압축강도를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 27일 동안 대기중에서 양생한 다음 마지막 1일 동안 수침시킨 공시체의 강도는 28일 동안 수침시키지 않고 대기중에서 양생한 공시체보다 최대 35% 정도 감소하였으며, 강도 저하율은 시멘트비가 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 양생기간 28일 동안 일정한 간격으로 수침과 건조를 반복할 경우 3회 반복까지는 일축압축강도가 선형적으로 증가하지만 그 이후로는 강도 증가율이 둔화되거나 수화작용에 필요한 수분 부족으로 강도가 오히려 감소하였다. 현장에서 소량의 시멘트를 혼합한 흙으로 시공할 경우 양생기간에 따라 충분한 강도 증가를 얻기 위해서는 양생기간 동안 적절한 습윤 상태를 유지해야 하며, 건습으로 인한 강도 변화를 적절히 설계에 반영해야 한다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.361-361
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• 2017

The NPK are known as macro elements that affect crop growth and yield. In 1989, Cambodia Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) gave a recommendation rate of fertilizer on rice production based on soil types. This recommended rate of NPK seems however relatively low as compared to farmers' practices nowadays and the amount in the neighboring countries. The CARDI recommended rate for Prateah Lang soil type is 50kg N, $25kg\;P_2O_5$, $25kg\;K_2O\;ha^{-1}$ while recent farmers' practice rates are 55 - 64kg N, 24 - 46kg $P_2O_5$, $30kg\;K_2O\;ha^{-1}$. However, the overuse of chemical fertilizer will lead to un-preferable plant growth, insect pest, disease and economic yield. Thus, we examined the effect of different NPK application rates on the growth and yield components in Prateah Lang soil type in Takeo province to investigate appropriate rates for improving rice productivity with economic efficiency. This study was conducted from July to November during wet season in 2013. A multi-locational trial with 6 treatments (T0 - T5) of NPK rates in 5 locations (trial 1 - 5) with 3 replications was conducted. The different combinations of NPK application were employed from 0, 50, 60, 80, 100, $120kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, 0, 25, 30 45, $60kg\;P_2O_5\;ha^{-1}$ and 0, 15, 25, 30, $45kg\;K_2O\;ha^{-1}$. Urea, DAP and KCl were used for fertilization. Split application was employed [basal: 20% of N, 100% of P and K, top dressing-1st: 40% of N (30DAT), 2nd: 40% of N (PI stage)]. Three-week-old seedlings of var. Phka Rumdoul were transplanted with 2 - 3 seedlings $hill^{-1}$ with $20cm{\times}20cm$ spacing. Plant length, tiller number at the maximum tillering stage and yield components were measured. The different rates of NPK application affected some yield components. The panicle number per hill was the most important key component followed by the spikelet number per panicle. However, the other parameters such as the filled grain percentage and 1000 grains weight had small effect or weak relation with the yield. Although the panicle number per hill had a significantly positive correlation with the stem number per hill, it was not correlated with the percentage of productive culms. The variation in the grain yield among the 5 trials was small and the difference was not significant. Although the yield tended to be higher at higher N and P application, there was no significant difference above 60kg N and $30kg\;P_2O_5$. The yield was the highest at 15, 30 and $45kg\;K_2O$ followed by $25kg\;K_2O$. The relationships between N, P and the stem number per hill were significantly linear positive, though it was not linear between K and the stem number. From these results, to increase rice productivity in the target area, farmers' effort to increase N and P input rather than CARDI recommendation up to 60kg N and $30kg\;P_2O_5$ will be sufficient considering economic efficiency. Besides, the amount of K application should be reconsidered.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.363-363
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• 2017

The NPK are known as macro elements that affect crop growth and yield. In 1989, Cambodia Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) gave a recommendation rate of fertilizer on rice production based on soil types. This recommended rate of NPK seems however relatively low as compared to farmers' practices nowadays and the amount in the neighboring countries. The CARDI recommended rate for Prateah Lang soil type is 50kg N, 25kg P2O5, 25kg K2O ha-1 while recent farmers' practice rates are 55 - 64kg N, 24 - 46kg P2O5, 30kg K2O ha-1. However, the overuse of chemical fertilizer will lead to un-preferable plant growth, insect pest, disease and economic yield. Thus, we examined the effect of different NPK application rates on the growth and yield components in Prateah Lang soil type in Takeo province to investigate appropriate rates for improving rice productivity with economic efficiency. This study was conducted from July to November during wet season in 2013. A multi-locational trial with 6 treatments (T0 - T5) of NPK rates in 5 locations (trial 1 - 5) with 3 replications was conducted. The different combinations of NPK application were employed from 0, 50, 60, 80, 100, 120kg N ha-1, 0, 25, 30 45, 60kg P2O5 ha-1 and 0, 15, 25, 30, 45kg K2O ha-1. Urea, DAP and KCl were used for fertilization. Split application was employed [basal: 20% of N, 100% of P and K, top dressing-1st: 40% of N (30DAT), 2nd: 40% of N (PI stage)]. Three-week-old seedlings of var. Phka Rumdoul were transplanted with 2 - 3 seedlings hill-1 with $20cm{\times}20cm$ spacing. Plant length, tiller number at the maximum tillering stage and yield components were measured. The different rates of NPK application affected some yield components. The panicle number per hill was the most important key component followed by the spikelet number per panicle. However, the other parameters such as the filled grain percentage and 1000 grains weight had small effect or weak relation with the yield. Although the panicle number per hill had a significantly positive correlation with the stem number per hill, it was not correlated with the percentage of productive culms. The variation in the grain yield among the 5 trials was small and the difference was not significant. Although the yield tended to be higher at higher N and P application, there was no significant difference above 60kg N and 30kg P2O5. The yield was the highest at 15, 30 and 45kg K2O followed by 25kg K2O. The relationships between N, P and the stem number per hill were significantly linear positive, though it was not linear between K and the stem number. From these results, to increase rice productivity in the target area, farmers' effort to increase N and P input rather than CARDI recommendation up to 60kg N and 30kg P2O5 will be sufficient considering economic efficiency. Besides, the amount of K application should be reconsidered.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.10-10
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• 2017

Rice consumption has been continuously decreasing as the eating habits of Koreans have become westernized and diversified. The per capita annual rice consumption in Korea has dropped sharply from 136.4 kg in 1970 to 61.9 kg in 2016. The Korean government, therefore, has been trying to promote rice consumption by invigorating the processed food industry using rice flour. To facilitate the market for processed rice foods, it is essential to develop proper milling technology in terms of flour particle size and damaged starch content to produce high quality rice flour at competitive cost. Dry milling and wet milling are the two major processes used to produce rice flour. Although the dry milling process is relatively simple with a lower production cost, damaged starch content increases because of the high grain hardness of rice. In wet milling, the quality of rice flour is improved by reducing flour particle size as well as damaged starch content through soaking procedures. However, the production costs are high because of the additional expenses associated with the disposal of waste water, sterilization and drying of the wet flour. Recently developed technologies such as jet milling and cryogenic milling also require expensive investment and production. Therefore, developing new rice cultivars with dry milling adaptability as well as good processing properties is an important goal of rice breeding in Korea. 'Suweon 542' is a floury endosperm mutant line derived from sodium azide treatment on a high-yield, early maturing, and non-glutinous japonica rice cultivar, 'Namil'. Compared with the wild type, after dry milling process, the grain hardness of 'Suweon 542' was significantly lower because of its round and loosely packed starch granules. Also, the flour of 'Suweon 542' had significantly smaller particles and less damaged starch than 'Namil' and other rice cultivars and its particle size distribution was similar to a commercial wheat cultivar. Recently, through collaborations with nine universities and food companies, a total of 21 kinds of processed prototypes, using the dry milling flour of 'Suweon 542', were evaluated. In the production of major rice processing products, there was no significant quality difference between the flours prepared by wet milling and dry milling. Although the amount of water added to the dough was slightly increased, it was confirmed that the recipe applying the wet flour could be used without significant change. To efficiently transfer the floury endosperm characteristics of 'Suweon 542' to other commercial rice cultivars, it is essential to develop DNA marker tightly linked to the target gene. Association analysis using 70 genome-wide SSR markers and 94 F2 plants derived from 'Suweon 542'/'Milyang 23' showed that markers on chromosome 5 explained a large portion of the variation in floury grains percentage (FGP). Further analysis with an increased number of SSR markers revealed that the floury endosperm of 'Suweon 542' was directed by a major recessive locus, flo7(t), located in the 19.33-19.86 Mbp region of chromosome 5, with RM18639 explaining 92.2% of FGP variation in the F2 population. Through further physical mapping, a co-segregate and co-dominant DNA marker with the locus, flo7(t) was successfully developed, by which, thereby, breeding efficiency of rice cultivars having proper dry milling adaptability with high yield potential or useful functional materials would be improved. 'Suweon 542' maintained the early maturity of the wild type, Namil, which can be used in rice-wheat double cropping systems in Korea not only for improved arable land but also for sharing flour production facilities. In addition to the high susceptibility against major rice diseases, nevertheless, another possible drawback of 'Suweon 542' is the high rate of viviparous under prolonged rainfall during the harvesting season. To overcome susceptibility and vivipary of 'Suweon 542', the progeny lines, derived from the crosses 'Suweon 542' and 'Jopyeong', an early maturing rice cultivar with multiple resistance against rice blast, bacterial blight, and rice strip virus, and 'Heugjinju', a anthocyanin pigment containing black rice cultivar, were intensively evaluated. As the outputs, three dry milling suitable rice elite lines, 'Jeonju614', 'Jeonju615', and 'Jeonju616' were developed.