• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.31-46
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• 2021

In South Korea, there is a growing domestic need for a biotope map which contains ecological and environmental geographic information of a city. After the production of a Urban Ecological Maps(biotope map) by the Seoul metropolitan government in 2000, Natural Environment Conservation Act was revised in 2017 to make it mandatory for a local government to draw up its own urban ecological map. The aim of the present study was to find out ways to utilize an urban ecological map as a mean of communication between natural environment planning and urban planning sectors in a preliminary stage before introducing a big framework of 'environmental and ecological planning.' The northern area of Incheon metropolitan city was selected as the target area for this study. The major research content includes a comparative analysis of special-purpose zones, urban planning zones, restricted development zones, and conservation forests with focus on biotope types and Grades 1 of 'Biotope Type Assessment.' Farmland biotopes and forest biotopes within an area designated as an urban zone (residential, commercial and industrial zones) need to be redesignated as a zone which can conserve them. Especially considering a high possibility of damage to a large scale of natural green areas, these areas need to be readjusted immediately. If the entire area designated as an urban planning zone is to be developed, it is likely to cause serious damage to natural biotopes in the area (56.2%), including farmland biotope (30.4%), forest biotope (15.0%) and grassland biotope (10.8%), and thus, readjustment is needed. In case of a conservation forest, as it can possibly be damaged by the designation of special-purpose zones, it is necessary to match the designation of conservation forests or a special-purpose zones with their biotope types. In conclusion, we present a variety of thematic maps for utilization of an urban ecological map and propose a phase-specific environmental and ecological plan. Phase 1 is the establishment of a urban plan in consideration of ecological status; Phase 2 is the independent establishment of an environmental and ecological plan by an environment department; Phase 3 is an integrated management of ecological planning system and urban planning system.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6D
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• pp.931-936
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• 2008

Surveying by using terrestrial LiDAR(Light Detection And Ranging) is more rapid than by using total station which enables tunnel section profile surveying to be done in suitable time and minimize centerline error, occurrence of overcut and undercut. Therefore, utilization of terrestrial LiDAR has increased more and more in section profile survey and measurement field Moreover, studies of terrestrial LiDAR for accurate and efficient utilization is now ongoing vigorously. Average end area formula, which was generally used to calculate overcut and undercut, was compared with existing methods such as total station survey and photogrammetry. However, there are no criteria of spacing distance for calculating overcut and undercut through terrestrial LiDAR surveying which can acquire 3D information of whole tunnel. This research performed reverse engineering to decide optimal spacing distance when surveying tunnel section profile by comparing whole tunnel volume and tunnel volume in difference spacing distance. This result was utilized to produce CAD drawing for the test tunnel site where there is no design drawings. In addition to this, efficiency of LiDAR and accuracy of CAD drawing was compared with targetless total station surveying of tunnel section profile. Finally, error analysis of target coordinate's accuracy and incidence angle was done in order to verify the accuracy of terrestrial LiDAR technology.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2014

In order to restore an ecologically damaged river, freshwater fish which inhabit at the target aquatic ecosystem have a great applicability as one of the essential indicators. Although the informations about the habitat conditions of freshwater fish are key elements reflecting biological, physical, and chemical properties of the aquatic environment, because of the lack of preceding related research and insufficient database with scattered data, they have not been applied effectively for the ecological river restoration projects in Korea. To cope with these problems, based on the nation-wide detailed investigation for domestic freshwater fish habitat conditions, we have selected 70 species considering the possibility for the candidates of flagship species, constructed a database for their population, physical, and chemical habitat properties, and suggested its application methodology for the river restoration projects. In particular, the utilization of the database has been enhanced by the additional statistical analysis to present their resistance and optimum ranges for physical, and chemical habitat properties respectively. It is expected that the database constructed in this study can be utilized for the calculation and evaluation of the appropriate ecological flow rate and target water quality for the selected flagship species (fish), and the basic data for the restoration of river environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.68-77
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• 2013

Change in the Global Climate causes flood, drought, heavy snow, and rainfall patterns in the Korean Peninsula. A variety of alternatives related to climate change are considered. The foreign researchers are interested in Low Impact Development(LID); the utilization of water resources and eco friendly development, over 10 years ago. The research and development of related technology has been advanced to apply LID techniques in order to develop several projects in the country. However, sharing of technology or system that can be used easily in the private sector is insufficient. The performance of the elements of LID Technology has not been fully agreed. LID elements of this technology are easy to apply to Apartment complex. The elements are classified technology. The infiltration of elements performs the functions of apartment complex landscaping space technology applied to the target. The water cycle simulation(SWMM 5.0) and technology the implementation of the effectiveness is also verified. For this purpose, three different places in apartment complex to target by SWMM5.0 U.S. EPA conducted utilizing simulated rainfall and applying LID techniques before and after the simulated water cycle (infiltration, surface evaporation, and surface runoff) were conducted. The importance of green space in the LID techniques of quantitative and qualitative storm water control as well as the role of Apartment Housing is to promote Amenity. Remember that the physical limitations of apartment complex and smooth water circulation system for the application of LID integrated management techniques should be applied. To this end, landscapes, architecture, civil engineering, environmental experts for technical consilience between the Low Impact Development efforts are required.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7785-7788
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• 2015

Utilization of high energy photons (>10MV) with an optimal weight using a mixed energy technique is a practical way to generate a homogenous dose distribution while maintaining adequate target coverage in intact breast radiotherapy. This study represents a model for estimation of this optimal weight for day to day clinical usage. For this purpose, treatment planning computed tomography scans of thirty-three consecutive early stage breast cancer patients following breast conservation surgery were analyzed. After delineation of the breast clinical target volume (CTV) and placing opposed wedge paired isocenteric tangential portals, dosimeteric calculations were conducted and dose volume histograms (DVHs) were generated, first with pure 6MV photons and then these calculations were repeated ten times with incorporating 18MV photons (ten percent increase in weight per step) in each individual patient. For each calculation two indexes including maximum dose in the breast CTV ($D_{max}$) and the volume of CTV which covered with 95% Isodose line ($V_{CTV,95%IDL}$) were measured according to the DVH data and then normalized values were plotted in a graph. The optimal weight of 18MV photons was defined as the intersection point of $D_{max}$ and $V_{CTV,95%IDL}$ graphs. For creating a model to predict this optimal weight multiple linear regression analysis was used based on some of the breast and tangential field parameters. The best fitting model for prediction of 18MV photons optimal weight in breast radiotherapy using mixed energy technique, incorporated chest wall separation plus central lung distance (Adjusted R2=0.776). In conclusion, this study represents a model for the estimation of optimal beam weighting in breast radiotherapy using mixed photon energy technique for routine day to day clinical usage.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.63-74
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• 2008

The design of best efficient production process is common requirements of the production strategy department and the process planning department to maximize the revenue and accomplish target production volumes in the production periods. And they use several general methods for that-line-balancing, removing of the bottle-neck process, facility ramp-up, increasing of the worker's utilization, etc. But, those methods have depended on analytic, static and arithmetic calculations, yet. So, irregular work-waiting time causing the delay time isn't include in extracting production capacity, especially in the line production process. The work-waiting time is changed irregularly along the variation of each machine and very important for calculate real product lead-time and forecasting target production volumes. At this thesis, i'm going to mention the importance of the delay time of conveyor system which can be extracted by discrete-event simulation. And suggest it as a new main variable that must be considered at designing new production system. Then experimented and tested that's effects in the H-company case, conveyor based line production process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 2021

In general, the daily safety inspection activities, which investigate damages in structures and measures the size of the damage, have been relied heavily on the visual inspection so far. Since the probe of the condition and performance of facilities by such personnel is often dependent on the subjective judgment of the investigator, the consistency and repeatability of the probing results may reduce. Particularly, damage located in a difficult-to-reach place depends mainly on experience with the naked eye, and an unsafe method using a ladder has mainly applied when necessary. Therefore, in this study, we tried to propose a way of using images that can reduce the deviation between safety inspection investigators, enhance objectivity, and improve the safety of workers. In this study, we have applied homographic transformation as a method of correcting the image. As a result of analyzing the size of the damage in the corrected image of the test subject, it confirms that the accuracy of measuring the magnitude of the damage can satisfy the target levels of 5.0mm and 0.005m², the target accuracy levels. As a result of the field verification test to which the proposed image correction technique applied, the coefficient of variation of the crack length in the structure decreased from 5.4~7.0% to 0.072~0.12%, and that of the damaged area from 10.9% to 1.6%. It confirms that the measurement accuracy is improved. Therefore, it is expected that this study on the image utilization technique in safety inspection activities can increase the accuracy of damage measurement and improve the reliability of the safety inspection reports and exterior survey drawings.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2004

Purpose: To develop a whole body frame for the purpose of reducing patient motion and minimizing setup error for extra-cranial stereotactic radiotherapy, and to evaluate the repositioning setup error of a patient in the frame. Materials and Methods: The developed whole body frame is composed of a base plate, immobilizer, vacuum cushion, ruler and belts. The dimension of the base plate is 130 cm in length, 50 cm in width and 1 cm in thickness. The material used in the base plate of the frame was bakelite and the immobilizer was made of acetal. In addition, Radiopaque angio-catheter wires were engraved on the base plate for a coordinate system to determine the target localization. The measurement for radiation transmission and target localization is peformed in order to test the utilization of the frame. Also, a Matlab program analyzed the patients setup error by using the patient's setup images obtained from a CCTV camera and digital record recorder (DVR). Results: A frame that is useful for CT simulation and radiation treatment was fabricated. The frame structure was designed to minimize collisions from the changes in the rotation angle of the gantry and to maximize the transmission rate of the Incident radiation at the lateral or posterior oblique direction. The lightening belts may be used for the further reduction of the patient motion, and the belts can be adjusted so that they are not in the way of beam direction. The radiation transmission rates of this frame were measured as 95% and 96% at 10 and 21 MV, respectively. The position of a test target on the skin of a volunteer is accurately determined by CT simulation using the coordinate system in the frame. The estimated setup errors by Matlab program are shown 3.69$\pm$1.60, 2.14$\pm$0.78 mm at the lateral and central chest, and 7.11 $\pm$2.10, 6.54$\pm$2.22 mm at lateral and central abdomen, respectively. The setup error due to the lateral motion of breast is shown as 6.33$\pm$ 1.55 mm. Conclusion: The development and test of a whole body frame has proven very useful and practical in the radiosurgery for extra-cranial cancers. It may be used in determining target localization, and it can be used as a patient immobilization tool. More experimental data should be obtained in order to improve and confirm the results of the patient setup error.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 2014

The optimal woodchip production system was developed and the production cost of a forest woodchip fuel was calculated for utilizing the pitch pine, which covers around 480,000ha nationwide. the marginal price of the woodchip fuel considering the factor of supply price, electricity and heat selling price as well as capacity factor were suggested and the economic sensitivity analysis was conducted for various scenario. The most important variable which determine economic feasibility was a fuel cost for the power generation facility. If the electricity price is higher than the current SMP(System Marginal Price) or the capacity factor is higher than 80%, there fully is a benefit to consume the woodchip fuels produced in the suggested production system in this study. In addition, the additional benefit becomes more obvious when considering REC(Renewable Energy Certificate) and CDM(Clean Development Mechanism). Therefore, it is strongly suggested for domestic power generation sector to utilize the forest biomass fuel to achieve the obligatory target of RPS.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.1B
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• pp.29-40
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a new early congestion detection and notification technique called QR-AQM. Unlike RED and it's variation, QR-AQM measures the total traffic rate from TCP sessions, predicts future network congestion, and determine the packet marking probability based on the measured traffic rate. By incorporating the traffic rate in the decision process of the packet marking probability, QR-AQM is capable of foreseeing future network congestion as well as terminating congestion resolution procedure in much more timely fashion than RED. As a result, simulation results show that QR-AQM maintains the buffer level within a fairly narrow range around a target buffer level that may be selected arbitrarily as a control parameter. Consequently, compared to RED and its variations, QR-AQM is expected to significantly reduce the jitter and delay variance of packets traveling through the buffer while achieving nearly identical link utilization.