• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.254-260
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to survey the effects of Karvonen exercise prescription in coronary artery disease patients reaching age-predicted maximal heart rates with the exercise stress test on hemodynamic responses and cardiorespiratory fitness. The subject group was comprised of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, who were divided into the maximal heart rate (MHR) group that included those who completed the test with their heart rates reaching the number of 220-age and the maximal dyspnea (MD) group that included those who could not continue the test due to respiratory difficulty and were asked to stop the test. Both groups had the exercise stress test before and after the experiment. In the exercise stress test before the experiment, the exercise prescription intensity of Karvonen was set at the target heart rates of 50~85% with a six-week exercise monitoring arrangement. As a result, there were no interactive effects in rest heart rate (RHR) according to time and group, but interactive effects were observed in maximal heart rate (MHR) (P=0.000). Both rest systolic blood pressure (RSBP) and rest diastolic blood pressure (RDBP) had no interactive effects according to time and group. Maximal systolic blood pressure (MSBP) showed significant interactive effects according to time and group (P=0.017). Maximal diastolic blood pressure (MDBP) showed no interactive effects according to time and group, while maximal rate pressure product (MRPP) showed significant interactive effects according to time and group (P=0.003). Maximal time (MT) had no interactive effects according to time and group. $VO_{2max}$ and maximal metabolic equivalent (MMET) showed significant interactive effects according to time and group (P=0.000, P=0.002, respectively), whereas maximal respiratory exchange ratio (MRER) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (MRPE) showed no interactive effects according to time and group. The exercise test that was discontinued as the subjects reached the predicted maximal heart rates considering age did not reach the maximal exercise intensity and accordingly showed low exercise effects when applied to Karvonen exercise prescription intensity. That is, the test should keep going by monitoring cardiac events, MRER and MRPE until the heart rates exceed the predicted MHR by up to 10~12 even after the subject reaches the predicted MHR considering age in the exercise stress test.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.372-386
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• 1996

Recently, the ratio of elderly in the population are fast growing due to socio-economical development and the better medical service. Proportionally, the health problems in elderly are increasing, too. Medical professionals must try so that the elderly have the better life through health promotion and disease prevention as well as disease treatment. This study evaluated the effect of walking exercise program on the cardiorespiratory function and the flexibility in the elderly women. The design of research was one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were eleven elderly women over sixty years old to live in K-city, Kyonggi-do. The type of exercise was walking, which was the most popular exercise in questionnaire. The exercise intensity was 40％∼60％ of the target heart-rate by Karvonen's method and maintained by the heart-rate monitor. The exercise period was five weeks and the exercise frequency was three times per week. The exercise duration was forty minutes at first and gradually increased up to an hour. In order to evaluate the effect of walking exercise, we measured VO/sub₂ max, resting heart -rate, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, FVC, FEV/sub₁, the flexibility before and after the five week's exercise program. The data are analyzed by the paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test using SAS package. The results are as follows : 1) The hypothesis that cardiorespiratory function will be improved was partly supported. In VO/sub₂ max（p＝0.0001）, resting heart-rate（p＝0.0030）, systolic/diastolic blood-pressure（p＝0.0387／ p＝0.0024）, there was significant difference. FVC and FEV/sub₁ were increased after the exercise, but there were no significant difference. 2) The hypothesis that the flexibility will be improved was supported. There was significant difference in the flexibility（p＝0.0140）. As the further study, it is necessary to reevaluate the effect with more refined design. We also need to try meta-analysis about the results of previous studies obtained in the experimental setting and compare our result obtained in the field setting with them.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2019

UWB(Ultra-wideband)는 송신 안테나에서 UWB 대역을 송신한 신호를 수신 안테나를 통해 받은 신호를 가지고 목표물을 판단하는 고해상도 근거리 초광대역 레이더로 비접촉으로 사람의 호흡 및 심박을 감지할 수 있고, 환경에 영향을 받지 않아 최근 활용도가 높아지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 UWB 레이더 신호를 이용하여 사람의 호흡과 심박수를 감지하는 알고리즘을 구현한다. 인체에서부터 반사되어 들어온 레이더 신호를 메디안 필터, 칼만 필터, 밴드 패스필터 등을 이용하여 처리한다. 또한 호흡수와 심박수를 추출하기 위하여 CZT를 이용한다. 비교하는 심박 데이터로는 ECG(Electrocardiogram)를 사용하였으며, 약 98% 이상 일치함을 확인하였다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2023

Objectives : Biofeedback is a useful non-pharmacological treatment for panic disorder (PD), but no studies have identified physiological markers related to the treatment response. This study investigated predictors of the treatment response for biofeedback in patients with PD. Methods : A retrospective study based on the electronic medical records of 372 adult patients with PD was performed. Patients received biofeedback treatment at least once, and physiological markers including heart rate, heart rate variability, respiratory rate, skin conductance, skin temperature, and electromyography were collected before the treatment began. The patients were classified as responders or non-responders based on the change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score. Results : The response rate to biofeedback treatment was 30.4%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher CGI-S score at baseline and fewer benzodiazepine prescriptions were associated with a better response to biofeedback treatment. According to subgroup analyses, the baseline CGI-S score, dose of benzodiazepines, and skin conductance are candidate predictors of the response to biofeedback treatment in men, while only baseline disease severity was associated with the treatment response in women. Conclusions : The present results suggest that skin conductance may be target marker and predictor for biofeedback in male patients with PD.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2009

Background: Ketamine has an indirect sympathetic stimulation effect. We investigated heart rate variability (HRV) as a marker of cardiac autonomic function after a target controlled infusion (TCI) of ketamine with a plasma concentration of 30 or 60 ng/ml. Methods: In 20 adult volunteers, the mean of the R wave to the adjacent R wave interval (RRI), the range of RRI, the root mean square successive difference of intervals (RMSSD), the total power, the low frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) power, the high frequency (HF, 0.15-0.4 Hz) power, the normal unit HF (nuHF), the normal unit LF (nuLF), the LF/HF ratio and the SD1 and the SD2 in the Poincare plot were measured before and after a TCI of ketamine. We observed for any psychedelic symptoms or sedation. Results: There were no differences in the mean and range of the RRI, RMSSD, total power, LF power, HF power, nuHF, nuLF, LF/HF ratio, SD1 and SD2 between before and after ketamine administration. The OAA/S score was higher and there were more psychedelic symptoms with a 60 ng/ml plasma concentration than with a 30 ng/ml plasma concentration. Conclusions: This study did not show any effect of a low plasma concentration of ketamine on the autonomic nervous system.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to develop and evaluate stability and effects of an early exercise program for patients with open heart surgery. Methods: The subjects of this study were 30 patients who had either a coronary bypass surgery or a valvular heart surgery at a tertiary hospital in Seoul. The data was collected by observation and measurement from October 1, 2004 to November 15, 2004. Results: The early exercise program developed for this study consisted of range of motion exercise and walking. Intensity of walking was 1~3 METs and increased progressively to daily target distance. During exercise, the subjects were monitored heart rate, blood pressure and RPE (Rating of Perceived Exertion). The mean FIM (Functional Independent Measurements) score of subjects was significantly improved after the early exercise program. However, several complaints such as dizziness or pain were also reported. Most complaints were associated with chest tube and RPE. Conclusion: The early exercise program can help to recover patients' physical activities after surgery, and can be applied to most patients. Patients' RPE, dizziness and pain was possible limitations, therefore, active pain control and prevention of accidents for patients would be needed.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2007

Today Human Personal Trainers are becoming very famous in this health conscious world. They teach user to achieve fitness goals in managed way. Due to their high fee and tight schedule they are unavailable to mass number of people. Another solution to this problem is to develop digital personal trainer portable instrument that may replace human personal trainers. We developed a portable digital exercise trainer device - BIOFIT that manages, monitors and records the user's physical status and workout during exercise session. It guides the user to exercise efficiently for specific fitness goal. It keeps the full exercise program i.e. exercises start date and time, duration, mode, control parameter, intensity in its memory which helps the user in managing his exercise. Exercise program can be downloaded from the internet. During exercise it continuously monitors the user's physiological parameters: heart rate, number of steps walked, and energy consumed. If these parameters do not range within prescribed target zone, the BIOFIT will alarm the user as a feedback to control exercise. The BIOFIT displays these parameters on graphic LCD. During exercise it continuously records the heart rate and number of steps walked every 10 seconds along with exercise date and time. This stored information can be used as treatment for the user by an exercise expert. Real-time ECG monitoring can be viewed wirelessly (RF Communication) on a remote PC.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.482-489
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• 2009

이 논문에서는 AWGN환경에서 발생하는 가우시안 잡음과 발진기에서 생기는 시스템 잡음을 제거할 수 있는 ALE(Adaptive Line Enhancer) 기반의 새로운 적응형 잡음 제거기를 이용한 CW(Continuous-Wave) 바이오 레이더를 제안한다. 최근에 CW 바이오 레이더를 이용해서 심장박동과 호흡을 검출하는 연구가 여러 연구기관에서 진행 되고 있다. 그러나 이 연구들은 기존 CW 바이오 레이더가 가우시안 잡음에 취약하고 그로 인해 심장박동 검출정확도도 떨어진다는 점을 설명을 하고 있긴 하지만, 그 잡음을 효과적으로 없앨 수 있는 방안은 계속 연구 중에 있다. 본 논문에서는 기저대역 신호에 포함된 잡음을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있는 ALE기반의 적응형 잡음 제거기를 적용한 것을 제안한다. 또한 타겟의 위치에 따른 복조의 민감함에 강점을 가진 quadrature 수신기를 통과한 잡음이 포함된 기저대역 신호에서 잡음만을 효과적으로 제거함으로 인해 심장박동 검출 정확도를 향상시키는 것을 모의실험을 통해 비교 분석해 본다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to establish a baseline in order that individuals may exercise safely. Sixty healthy students who were divided into two groups participated in the experiment. One group exercised both arms and legs at 60 rpm and the other at 90 rpm. There was a significant difference between arm and leg exercise in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and time to target heart rate (tTHR). DBP decreased more in the upper (U//E) than the lower extremity (L/E), but tTHR increased more in the L/E than the U/E (p < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was similar for both arm and leg exercise (p > 0.05). There was also no significant difference between 60 rpm and 90 rpm in SBP, DBP or tTHR in either arm or leg exercise (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the slope of the linear increase in heart rate was steeper for U/E than L/E work. Therefore L/E exercise is safer than U/E exercise.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise program on natural killer cell cytotoxic activity(NKCA) in breast cancer patients who had been radiation therapy after surgery. The subjects in the experimental group consisted of 11 breast cancer patients, while the subjects in the control group consisted of 15. Subjects in the experimental group participated in exercise program for 8 weeks. Exercise program consisted of shoulder stretching, arm weight training and treadmill walking exercise. They started to exercise on treadmill for 20 minutes per day, 3 times a week at 40% of maximum heart rate, and increased intensity and duration of exercise so that they were running 30 minutes/day at 60% of maximum heart rate from the 3rd week to the 8th week. Natural killer cell cytotoxic activity were determined before and after the exercise program. For measuring the natural killer cell cytotoxic activity, 8ml to 10ml blood was collected from the subjects. Mononuclear cell was isolated by centrifuge of the blood and cultured by putting $Cr^{51}$, and reacted with target cell, K562 cell. Baseline demographic and medical data were compared between groups with the Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. For effects of the exercise program, repeated measures ANOVA was used. The result was as follows; Natural killer cell cytotoxic activity(NKCA) in experimental group comparing with control group significantly increased after the exercise program in case of effector cell : target cell ratio is 100 : 1(p<0.05). The above result suggest that the exercise program for breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy after breast surgery may increase the natural killer cell cytotoxic activity.