• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.210-218
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• 2018

The natural dye product market is expanding due to the recent interest in environmentally friendly products. This study examines dyeing using natural Coptidis Rhizoma. Chitosan and Tannin was treated to improve dyeability of Coptidis Rhizoma after finding the proper dyeing condition. In addition, dyeing characteristics were compared according to mordant types along with the mordanting methods for dye fixing and color change. The results indicated that the optimum dyeing condition was to treat the concentration of 5% (o.w.b.) at $80^{\circ}C$ for 90 minutes. By the chitosan and tannin treatments, K/S value of cotton fabrics by 3 times and those of wool fabrics by 2 times increased and color depthing of dyed fabrics was achieved after 2 cycles repetition. To improve dyeability, iron mordanting was most effective; in addition, the K/S Value of pre-mordanting fabrics versus post-mordanting fabrics increased the most. The color of the surface was changed to reddish yellow when Sn, Cu mordanting, and to greenish blue when Fe mordanting. The lightfastness of dyeing fabric with mordanting was weak at 1-2 grades, but the washing fastness was good for 4 grades and the rubbing fastness and sweat fastness were as good as those of the 3-4 grades. As a result, this study could help improve the dyeability of expensive Coptidis Rhizoma.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.21 no.1_4
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• pp.21-27
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• 1978

The effect of tannic acid on GAs and cyclic-AMP promoted amylase induction in barley aleurone layers was examined. Of a variety of adenine compounds, only cyclic-AMP and ADP showed significant activity, and these activities were promoted by addition of theophylline to the incubation medium. When aleurone layers of barley endosperm tissues were incubated with GAs in the presence of tannic acid, the amylase activity in the incubation medium was reduced. Cyclic-AMP induced amylase activity was also reduced by additiion of tannic acid. The cyclic-AMP response promoted was more sensitive to tannin inhibition than GAs response. The inhibitory effect of tannic acid shwoed reversibility by addition of higher concentration of GAs or cyclic-AMP. The tannic acid effect on GAs response was also recovered by addition of a higher concentration of cyclic-AMP. Experiment with polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis showed different isozyme patterns according to the additions in the incubation medium. Inhibitory effects of decursinol and coumarin was compared with that of tannic acid. They showed different zymogram patterns.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.227-236
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• 2019

Antioxidant activity in water and ethanol extracts of dried Lycium chinense fruit, as a result of the total phenolic and tannin content, was measured using a number of chemical and biochemical assays for radical scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation, with the analysis being extended by applying a bootstrapping statistical method. Previous statistical analyses mostly provided linear correlation and regression analyses between antioxidant activity and increasing concentrations of phenolics and tannins in a concentration-dependent mode. The present study showed that multiple component or multivariate analysis by applying multiple regression analysis or regression planes proved more informative than linear regression analysis of the relationship between the concentration of individual components and antioxidant activity. In this paper, we represented the multivariate analysis of antioxidant activities of both phenolic and tannin contents combined in the water and ethanol extracts, which revealed the hidden observations that were not evident from linear statistical analysis.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2010

Medium-density fiberboard (MDF) is widely used as an indoor building materials. However, formaldehyde resins, commonly used to bind MDF together, emit formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds that cause health risk at sufficient concentration. In this study, condensed tannin having formaldehyde absorption ability was used to solve the problem of formaldehyde emission generated from surface material. The synthesis of melamine-formaldehyde resin and reaction of melamine-formaldehyde and condensed tannin were analyzed by FT-IR spectrum. Also surface properties, such as shear force, impact strength, tape adhesion, pencil hardness and gloss retention were measured. Free formaldehyde analysis was performed to analyze remaining unreacted formaldehyde. According to the results, the optimum shear force and impact strength could be obtained by 10 wt.% usage of condensed tannin. In cases of pencil hardness and gloss retention, the optimum properties could be obtained at 20 wt.% of condensed tannin. The amounts of formaldehyde emission of surface material containing 20 wt.% of condensed tannin was 59 ${\mu}g/m^2{\cdot}h$. The amounts of formaldehyde emission could be reduced 3 times by using 20 wt.% of condensed tannin.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.260-265
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary effects of persimmon peel (PP) and PP ethanol extract (PPE) on egg production, egg quality, and liver lipids in the late stage of egg production in laying hens. One hundred and twenty 50-wk-old Hy-Line Brown layers (n = 120) were fed different diets. Four replicate groups of 6 hens each were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments. The 5 dietary treatments were as follows: i) CON, basal diet; ii) PP 0.15, CON+0.15% PP (0.035% tannin); iii) PP 0.5, CON +0.5% PP (0.117% tannin); iv) PPE 0.075, CON+0.075% PPE (0.03% tannin); and v) PPE 0.25, CON+0.25% PPE (0.11% tannin). The total tannin concentration of PPE was higher (p<0.05) than that of PP. Egg production in the PP 0.5 group was higher than in the other groups. Egg production and mass of hens in the PPE 0.25 group showed a greater decrease than that in the other groups (p<0.05). Eggshell color in the PP 0.15, PP 0.5, and PPE 0.075 groups was lighter than that of the control group (p<0.05). The Haugh unit for the groups that were fed PP and PPE were significantly higher than that in the other groups after 7 d of storage (p<0.05). Therefore, PP seems an effective feed additive for improving the production performance and egg quality in late stage laying hens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.977-987
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• 2019

Objective: The use of tannin extract and other phytochemicals as dietary additives in ruminants is becoming more popular due to their wide biological actions such as in methane mitigation, bypass of dietary protein, intestinal nematode control, among other uses. Unfortunately, some have strong astringency, low stability and bioavailability, and negatively affecting dry matter intake and digestibility. To circumvent these drawbacks, an effective delivery system may offer a promising approach to administer these extracts to the site where they are required. The objectives of this study were to encapsulate acacia tannin extract (ATE) with native starch and maltodextrin-gum arabic and to test the effect of encapsulation parameters on encapsulation efficiency, yield and morphology of the microparticles obtained as well as the effect on rumen in vitro gas production. Methods: The ATE was encapsulated with the wall materials, and the morphological features of freeze-dried microparticles were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The in vitro release pattern of microparticles in acetate buffer, simulating the rumen, and its effect on in vitro gas production was evaluated. Results: The morphological features revealed that maltodextrin/gum-arabic microparticles were irregular shaped, glossy and smaller, compared with those encapsulated with native starch, which were bigger, and more homogenous. Maltodextrin-gum arabic could be used up to 30% loading concentration compared with starch, which could not hold the core material beyond 15% loading capacity. Encapsulation efficiency ranged from $27.7%{\pm}6.4%$ to $48.8%{\pm}5.5%$ in starch and $56.1%{\pm}4.9%$ to $64.8%{\pm}2.8%$ in maltodextrin-gum arabic microparticles. Only a slight reduction in methane emission was recorded in encapsulated microparticles when compared with the samples containing only wall materials. Conclusion: Both encapsulated products exhibited the burst release pattern under the pH conditions and methane reduction associated with tannin was marginal. This is attributable to small loading percentages and therefore, other wall materials or encapsulation methods should be investigated.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.861-866
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• 1996

Tannins in plant foods and beverages may produce antinutritional or toxic effects although some proteins with high affinity for tannins seem to function as defense mechanism to tannin toxicity. Our objectives were to investigate of tea tannins, iron and protein and to evaluate the role of proteins in tannin effects on iron solubility. Iron solubility in vitro was measured using tea with and without proteins. Mixtures of tea, protein in varying concentrations(either gelatin or bovine serum albumin), and iron(eithe 10 or 50ug/mL) were prepared. Controls contained water in place of tea. Iron bioavailability was assessed by measuring iron solubility in the simulated gastric condition with pepsin digestion. Bound iron was removed by centrifugation and soluble in tea alone. When iron concentratin was 10ug/mL, addition of small amounts of protein to tea dramatically reduced iron solubility, but solubility of iron increased in the tea mixturea as the concentration of protein was increased. The percnetage of iron that precipitated was much greater at 10ug Fe/mL than the values at 50ug Fe/mL suggesting that the iron binding sites on the tea-protein complex was saturated. These results suggest that interactions of iron with tea tannins are influenced by the concentratins of protein and iron.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.533-540
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• 2006

In this study, the possibility of green tea waste (GTW) as a new ingredient of byproducts-mixed silage was investigated. Characteristics of GTW were low in dry matter (DM) content (20%), and high in crude protein (30 to 36%) and tannins (8.5%). The GTW was added to mixed silages composed of tofu cake, rice straw and rice bran that are locally available in Japan. In experiment 1, the effect of GTW addition to silage made from various patterns of byproducts mixture based on tofu cake was studied. In experiment 2, the effect of GTW addition and storage temperature on fermentation characteristics, nutrient contents and in vitro ruminal gas production of byproducts-mixed silages were examined. In experiment 1, GTW addition on tofu cake accelerated acetic, propionic and butyric acid accumulation in the silage. When rice straw was mixed with tofu cake, DM content was increased from 47 to 56%, lactic acid was the main acid and the pH was decreased below 4.2. In this case, GTW addition to those mixtures did not affect acid concentrations of the silage. In experiment 2, GTW addition to the byproducts mixture increased lactic acid concentration, decreased the pH and DM loss of the silages. In GTW treatments, tannin concentration was lower in the silage stored at $30^{\circ}C$ than $15^{\circ}C$. Addition of GTW into the silage also increased in vitro ruminal gas production. It was concluded that addition of GTW into byproducts-mixed silage enhanced lactic acid fermentation when there were insufficient materials for lactic acid production. Utilization of GTW as an ingredient in mixed silages would be effective in enhancing fermentation characteristics, lowering tannin content and in vitro ruminal gas production.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 1997

Hot-water soluble extracts were prepared from medium-sized barks of Siberian larch (Larix gmelineii). The extracts were fractionated by ultrafiltration method for producing uniform quality of adhesives. Molecular weight distribution of the extracts was ranged of 100 to 300.000. pH of the extracts affected amounts of flux, and the range of pH 6~pH 8 was proper for wood adhesives, because of easy concentration and fast gelation time. Removal of particles greater than $0.45{\mu}m$ from the extracts increased both filtration speed (flux) and yields of solids in the filtrates. In ultrafiltration process. operating pressure, filtrate temperature, and flow rate significantly increased with the increase of individual condition. Ultrafiltration using PM10 membrane was very effective to fractionate and concentrate the extracts. Removal of large particles greater than 0.45 m from the extracts increased filtration speed(flux) and yields of solids in the filtrates. A gelation time was accelerated with the increasing pH of the extracts and its concentration. The Stiasny precipitate(26%) from the filtrate obtained by PM 10 membrane was very lower than that(78%) of the retentates. This ultrafiltration method was efficient for obtaining high yield purified phenolic compounds.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.575-581
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• 1999

In result of chemical properties of bamboo shoots and changes of chemical components of salted bamboo shoots during 120 days salting, the contents of moisture crude fat tannin and ascorbic acid were decreased but those of crude protein curde ash and salt concentration were increased. The main free amino acids of bamboo shoots were serine arginine alanine leucine and tyrosine. The content of total free amino acid was rapidly decreased in 80days-past of salting and after that slowly decresed. Wang bamboo shoots was the highest as 1060.18mg/100g in content of total free amino acid. The main mineral elements were K, P, Na and Mg. The contents of Fe and K were the hihest among them. The contents of P, Fe, Zn. Mn. Ge and Cu were decreased but K, Mg, Na and Ca were increased during salting. When fresh bamboo shoots were compared with salted bamboo shoots fresh bamboo shoots contained the contents of moisture crude protein crude fat tannin and ascorbic acid more than salted bamboo shoots did but the less the contents of ash fiber and salt concentration.