• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.116-121
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• 1992

This paper is on for a material to replace the petroleum-based resins used as adhesives for the fiber in rubber composite materials. The study limited to the reaction properties of tannin with formaldehyde. Tannin-formaldehyde(TF) reactions were carried out in aqueous media. Rates of reaction were strongly dependent on concentration, temperature, pH, and the mole ratio of tannin to formaldehyde. Viscosities of reaction mixtures were followed up to gelation. The reactivity of tannin-formaldehyde resins was greater than that of resorcinol-formaldehyde resins. To formulate an adhesive, a styrene-butadiene-vinyl pyridine terpolymer latex(L) was added to the TF. This preliminary results suggest that the condensed tannins have considerable promise as substitutes for resorcinol used in resin formulation for bonding of fiber to rubber.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.920-926
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• 1997

In order to observe the effect of tannin on plasma lipid status in human, tannin was supplemented with increasing amounts from 0 to 0.5, 1.0, 2.5g/d early week until 4th week. The results obtained from this research are a follows. Concentration of total lipid in plasma was significantly lower compared to the control group when the level of tannin supplementation was 0.5g/day while the level of tannin 1.0g/day and 2.5g/day did not affect to change the total lipid level. There seems to be no obvious improvement of the plasm lipid status respect to different tannin levels. Despite the result, the excretion of total bile acids in feces was increased and total lipid in plasma was reduced significantly during first time supplementation compared the control.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2008

Six total mixed rations (TMR) containing 0, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12% tannin (TMR I-VI), using Accacia nilotica pods as a source of tannin, were used to study the effect of Acacia tannin on in vitro nutrient digestibility and gas production in goats. This study also investigated the degraded products of Acacia nilotica tannin in goat rumen liquor. Degraded products of tannins were identified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at different hours of incubation. In vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) and organic matter (IVOMD) were similar in TMR II, and I, but declined (p<0.05) thereafter to a stable pattern until the concentration of tannin was raised to 10%. In vitro crude protein digestibility (IVCPD) decreased (p<0.05) with increased levels of tannins in the total mixed rations. Crude protein digestibility was much more affected than digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. In vitro gas production (IVGP) was also reduced (p<0.05) with increased levels of tannins in the TMR during the first 24 h of incubation and tended to increase (p>0.05) during 24-48 h of incubation. Gallic acid, phloroglucinol, resorcinol and catechin were identified at different hours of incubation. Phloroglucinol and catechin were the major end products of tannin degradation while gallate and resorcinol were produced in traces. It is inferred that in vitro nutrient digestibility was reduced by metabolites of Acacia nilotica tannins and ruminal microbes of goat were capable of withstanding up to 4% tannin of Acacia nilotica pods in the TMR without affecting in vitro nutrient digestibility.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.62-71
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• 1994

The weighting increase varies with the condition of tannin-weight process and effects dyeability and physical properties of silk. The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimum condition of tannin-weighting process of silk and the effect of tannin-weighting process on dyeability and properties of silk. The methods of this study are first to examine the change according to the variables such as, weight increase of silk, temperature(30, 50, 70, 80, 9$0^{\circ}C$), time(30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300min), tannin concentration(3, 5, 10, 20, 30g/l) in order to present the optimum condition, sencond to examine the change of the properties such as surface morphology, strength, elongation, mechanical values, dyeing condition, Basic and Acid dye absorption on silk which are tannin-weight processed in the optimum condition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.68-77
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• 2000

This study was performed to evaluate tannin exposure by wooddusts for workers in furniture factories and to investigate the relationship between tannin exposure and sino-nasal cancer risk. In order to explore possible cytological changes leading to nasal cancer, we have examined 50 male furniture workers and 50 matched controls using brush cytology. The results we have obtained in this study were as follows: 1. The tannin contents of woods used in woodworking factories have been measured and varied from 0.43 to 8.72 mg tannic acid equivalent per gram wood, for reconstituted softwood and turpentine (Syncarpia glomuliferia) respectively. 2. Airborne tannins in wooddusts were also determined by area and personal exposure. The values of mean exposures for both methods are ranged from 3.1 to $5.0{\mu}g/m^3$ and from 4.6 to $14.5{\mu}g/m^3$ in furniture manufactures. 3. Over nasal cytology scores 2, the scores of study group were slightly more than control group and this kind of metaplasias seemed to be occurred over $2mg/m^3$ wooddust and $6{\mu}g/m^3$ tannin exposure. Keratinising squamous metaplasia was investigated at nasal cytology score 3 and $10{\mu}g/m^3$ tannin exposure. The nasal cytology score 4 was seemed to be atypical squamous metaplasia. 4. To find out contributing factors to nasal cytology change, odds ratio that is one of fundmental biostatistics was applied. Actually the relationship between wooddust, tannin concentration and metaplasia were not meaningful, but the relationship between working experence more than 15 years and metaplasia was calculated as 1.83. This reveals that significant clinical abnormalities could be influenced from the years of woodworking experiences. However further research is required to evaluate the significance of the data, for the purposes of sino-nasal risk assessment, standard setting to prevent nasal cancer occurrences and possibility of changing workplace.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2002

Concentration of quercetin and soluble tannin in Houttuynia cordata were determined at different growth stages as well as plant parts and application amounts of compost. Both contents of quercetin and tannin at growth stages were decreased before flowering time but slightly increased after flowering. The both contents of components in Houttuynia cordata collected on April 20 were shown to be markedly increased compared to those collected in May or June. The contents of quercetin and tannin at different organs were the highest in the flower. In the experiment of application amounts of compost, as application amounts is increased, fresh weight of aerial part was increased but the contents of quercetin and tannin were decreased. The contents of quercetin and tannin were the highest with 0.67% and 2.3%, respectively, in the compost non-treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.937-945
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• 2014

Green and black tea by-products, obtained from ready-made tea industry, were ensiled at $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $30^{\circ}C$. Green tea by-product silage (GTS) and black tea by-product silage (BTS) were opened at 5, 10, 45 days after ensiling. Fermentation characteristics and nutrient composition, including tannins, were monitored and the silages on day 45 were subjected to in vitro ruminal fermentation to assess anti-nutritive effects of tannins using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a tannin-binding agent. Results showed that the GTS and BTS silages were stable and fermented slightly when ensiled at $10^{\circ}C$. The GTS stored at $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ showed rapid pH decline and high acetic acid concentration. The BTS was fermented gradually with moderate change of pH and acid concentration. Acetic acid was the main acid product of fermentation in both GTS and BTS. The contents of total extractable phenolics and total extractable tannins in both silages were unaffected by storage temperatures, but condensed tannins in GTS were less when stored at high temperature. The GTS showed no PEG response on in vitro gas production, and revealed only a small increase by PEG on $NH_3$-N concentration. Storage temperature of GTS did not affect the extent of PEG response to both gas production and $NH_3$-N concentration. On the other hand, addition of PEG on BTS markedly increased both the gas production and $NH_3$-N concentration at any ensiled temperature. It can be concluded that tannins in both GTS and BTS suppressed rumen fermentation, and tannins in GTS did more weakly than that in BTS. Ensiling temperature for both tea by-products did not affect the tannin's activity in the rumen.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.927-935
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nondigestable substances and calcium such as oligosaccharide, agar, saponin, tannin and calcium on the reduction of lipid status in rats fed high fat diet. In order to make the observation, the lipid content in plasma, liver and the feces, and bile acid excretion were measured of r 4 weeks. the results obtained from this research are as follows. Concentration of total lipid in plasma seemed highest in the control group and were significantly lower in groups oil-gosaccharide, agar and calcium-tannin, compared to the control group. Concentration of total cholesterol in plasma was significantly lower in groups oligosaccharide, agar, calcium and calcium-saponin, compared to the control group. The improvement in lipid status seems to be insignificant with oligosaccharide, showed increase in total bile acids excretion in feces and decrease in total cholesterol in plasma, compared to the control group. These evidence seems to indicate improvement of the plasma lipid status by calcium and agar supplementation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.921-926
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• 2008

Wild grapes contain lots of organic acids, vitamins and inorganic salts compared to other fruits. Also, it has known to have excellent effects on preventing cancer and heart disease. Wild grapes are supposed to be superior material for fermentation of wine. Tannin contents of wine, which is an important functional factor in flavor of wine, were enhanced to develop quality of Korean wild grape wine. In this study, we investigated tannin extraction conditions and analyzed quality properties of tannin-enhanced wild grape wine. The most suitable tannin extraction condition for enhancing tannin of wild grape wine was extraction of tannin from green tea using spirits at 4oC. For producing high quality wild grape wine, added concentration and time of tannin extract were 6.5 mg/mL before wild grape wine fermentation. Tannin contents of tannin-enhanced wild grape wine was $7.4{\pm}0.05\;mg/mL$. Quality properties of tannin-enhanced wild grape wine fermented under optimized fermentation conditions were analyzed. pH, acidity and alcohol contents were $3.69{\pm}0.01$, $0.95{\pm}0.01%$ and $12.2{\pm}0.03%$, respectively. Total sugar, tannin, polyphenol and resveratrol contents of tannin-enhanced wild grape wine were $60.00{\pm}1.15\;mg/mL$, $79.50{\pm}0.55\;mg/mL$, $7.40{\pm}0.05\;mg/mL$ and $5.00{\pm}0.11\;mg/mL$, respectively showing significantly higher value than that of commercial wine. Production of high quality wild grape wine is expected with the establishment of optimum fermentation condition and tannin-enhancing process of wild grape wine.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-47
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• 1985

The rheological properties of acorn starch gel were investigated in region of small and large deformation. The properties were compared with those of potato and wheat starch gel. On the physical characteristics and the effect of tannin contents of acorn starch were examined. RESULTS : 1. X-ray diffractogram of acorn starch showed C-type and its granules swelled gradully with heating. 2. Hardness, brittleness and both small and large deformation of the acorn starch gel were remarkably large, also the concentration dependence of the acorn starch gel could be recognized in small deformation and hardness. 3. The Young's modulus of Hookean body in small deformation and the rupture stress in large deformation differed obviously from the parameters of rheological properties in various gels. 4. It was found that the selling power, viscosity and rhelogical properties were affected obviously by the tannin.