• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2021

The capital structure is one of the hot financial topics among researchers and scholars. Its importance comes from the fact that capital structure is closely related to companies' ability to meet different stakeholders' needs. A suitable capital structure will boost the business and create a competitive advantage in the context of fierce competition. Many companies choose an optimal debt level based on the trade-off between interest and debt costs. This study aimed to test the existence of trade-off theory in capital structure, the case of Vietnam's real estate companies, which are growing very fast recently. Instead of considering constant optimal leverage to test the trade-off model, we take advantage of the dynamic capital structure determined by growth opportunities, profitability, tax incentives, tangibility, liquidity, and firm size. The dynamic panel data regression was estimated by the system Generalized Method of Moment (Sys-GMM). The empirical evidence showed that real estate companies listed in the Vietnamese stock market might change their leverage toward a target capital structure determined by influential factors in a long-term perspective. In particular, the debt-to-asset ratio will change by approximately 14 percent, positively, in response to the difference between the current debt-to-asset ratio and the dynamic target debt-to-asset ratio.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.239-250
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• 2022

This study examined the level of capital structure and its determinants of publicly traded companies in Malaysia before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The data for this study was examined using Python Programming Language and time-series financial data from 2,784 quarterly observations in 2019 and 2020. The maximum debt is larger before the COVID-19 period, according to the findings. During the COVID-19 period, short-term debts and total debts have both decreased slightly. However, long-term debts have increased marginally. As a result, this research demonstrates that the capital structure has changed slightly during the COVID-19 period. The findings imply that independent of the capital structure proxies, tangibility, liquidity, and business size had an impact on capital structure in both periods. It was found that profitability had a significant impact on total debts both before and after the COVID-19 crisis. While higher-profit enterprises appear to have lesser short-term debts before the COVID-19 periods, they are also more likely to have lower long-term debts during the COVID-19 periods. Even though growing companies tend to have higher short-term debts and thus total debts during those periods, longterm debts are unaffected by potential growth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.705-712
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• 2007

In spite of the fact that the food group(Food, Drinks and Health foods & Agricultural and Marine products) occupies little position in total sales of Internet shopping mall, the food group's sales in cyber shopping mall in 2006 have increased 678.1% over 5 years. In addition to the fact that the food consumption pattern has changed from quality-oriented to convenience, health and safety-oriented, the need to decrease the opportunity cost created by housework is rising in the context of increase of women's work participation rate. The wind of change like these will become the foundation on which cyber food industry will be developed. The factors having an effect on consumer purchasing intentions when one buy foods through internet shopping malls are researched in this thesis. For the investigation, women of 697 were surveyed by a questionnaire, and the data were analyzed by the SPSS for WINDOW(Version 12.0). The result is as follows: Factors having an effect on food purchasing intentions are Convenience(Timesaving, Troublesomeness), Customer service(Responsiveness, Reliability, Empathy, Tangibility), Perceived Customer Risk(Economic, Social, Performance risk) and Shopping experience(Easy to find out, Easy process for payment) in order.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.35-41
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to determine the marketability of the heritage sites in Region III, Philippines. More specifically, it will obtain information on the: (a) profile of the heritage sites in Central Luzon; (b) dimensional issues of their marketability along social, environmental, and economic lines; (c) quality of services in terms of tangibility, responsiveness, empathy, assurance, and reliability; and (d) its business model canvas. Research design, data, and methodology: This will utilize a descriptive survey of the heritage sites in Central Luzon, namely: Aurora, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Zambales, and Bataan. There will be 60 respondents, including 5 facilitators, 24 residents, and 31 tourists. The results will be statistically measured through the measures of central tendencies, dispersion, and the test of significance. Result and conclusion: This study will comprehensively examine the local tourism sector, benefiting various stakeholders. It serves as a valuable resource for tourists by providing insights into destination marketing strategies and enhancing heritage tourism experiences. Administrators benefit from coping strategy evaluations, aiding in the formulation of effective strategies aligned with industry goals. Tourism businesses align with industry objectives and the study streamlines ordinances for site protection for local government units. Additionally, the community gains empowerment through insights into employable activities and potential businesses, influencing assessments of the justification for local preservation ordinances.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.309-321
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• 2004

This research was conducted to increase the customer satisfaction through the evaluation of their satisfaction in employee-feeding foodservice operations according to the types of foodservice. The questionnaires were distributed to randomly selected customers of employee-feeding foodservice 120 each at two public organizations, two companies and two colleges. SPSS was used for descriptive analysis, Cronbach's Alpha value and Anova test. Six hundred seventy eight respondents in self-managed foodservices and 660 in contracted foodservices were participated for the survey. On average, the number of male respondents(67.9%) was more than twice than the number of female respondents(32.1%). As for the age group, twenties were the major with 48.5% at self-managed foodservices, 56.2% at contracted foodservices. With the marital state of the users, 57% at self-managed foodservices, 61.2% at contracted foodservices were single, showing higher proportion of non-married users at contracted foodservices. In all categories comprising the foodservice satisfaction, significant differences were shown in the quality of foods(p<0.001), tangibility(p<0.05) and empathy(p<0.05) according to the types of foodservice. Responsiveness(2.9$\pm$0.87) was ranked for the highest degree of satisfaction and reliance(2.32$\pm$0.76) was the lowest at self-managed foodservices. The result at contracted foodservices showed the same categorical order with responsiveness(2.9$\pm$0.87) ranked at the first and reliance(2.32$\pm$0.76) at the last.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.55-67
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation and the causal relation between the service quality, customer satisfaction and revisit intent of an urban railway. A structural equation model(SEM) was developed and analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. The results showed that it satisfies the fitness of the model mostly: the reliability, convenience, safety of the service quality have a significant positive impact on the customer satisfaction (p<.05) and the tangibles(-.187) and responsiveness(-.103) have no impact on the customer satisfaction (p>.05.). The customer satisfaction has a significant positive impact on revisit intention (p<.001). The factors affecting the service quality and customers' satisfaction were found to be ranked as the order of reliability, convenience, safety, responsiveness, tangibility based on the high priority. The findings of this study will contribute to provide a practical tool to establish a mid-long term management plan and management strategies for boosting the customer satisfaction and creating revenue through the customized service of urban railway operating industry suffering chronic deficit.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.14
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• pp.39-58
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• 2004

After SERVQUAL was proposed as a measure of perceived service quality, several arguments have been made against its validity and some competing measures have been developed. This paper reviews those controversies. Particularly, it compares the concept of expectation in the research of service quality with that in the research of satisfaction, re-purchase intention and suggests the authors' opinion. In addition, the paper suggests sequential casual relations among expectation, perceived performance and perceived service quality. With the help of previous researches concerning "SERVQUAL" and the related topics, six variables concerning travel services were identified. The six variables are tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurances, empathy and costs. Seven hypotheses were developed using these variables. The review of literature covers service's concept, model and method of service quality evaluation, and relationship among the concepts which is related to the service quality. The results of our study suggest further research is necessary to clarify which one is a better tool because we have a conflicting research outcome in terms of model fitting. The study also shows that assurances and costs have positive effect on customer satisfaction. It also turned out that customer satisfaction has positive effect on repurchase intention.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.1679-1686
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• 2009

Odor sensing system that is electronic nose device and its signal processing technique has potential to become a critical service for the people who require tangibility of sense of smell in the multimedia communication. PCA(Principal Component Analysis) have been used for dimensionality reduction and visualization of multivariate measurement data. PCA is good for estimating importance value by variance of data but, have some limitation for getting meaningful representation from odor sensing system. This paper explain about how to analyze the data of odor sensing system by ICA(Independent Component Analysis). We show that ICA can give better result like sensor drift analysis, dimensionality reduction and data representation by improved discrimination.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.411-424
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• 2014

This study tries to establish the evaluation standards of the service quality of local cultural festivals in an effort to identify public awareness of those festivals. Also, based on the importance-performance importance-performance analysis on the service quality, this research is aimed at finding ways to enhance service quality and to improve operation plans in more efficient ways for the maximization of visitors' use of festivals. Ultimately, the current study seeks to make a contribution to improving the quality of local cultural festivals. The results of the correspondence t-test analysis of importance and performance revealed that significant differences were found in following items of five factors; 1) in the responsiveness factor, the presence or absence of rest space, facility guide, communication, and installation of public restroom/cleanliness 2) in the certainty factor, food prices and staff members' kindness 3) in the reliability factor, all items including festival pamphlets (to the festival venue), guidance facilities/signposts, hospitality, schedule information, and quick responses 4) in the tangibility factor as well, all items such as the awareness of local culture, benefits, and storytelling 5) in the empathy factor, diversity of events and festival contents.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.117-126
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the consulting firm's professionalism on the business performance of the consulting client firm, the quality of the consulting service quality and the consulting participation of the service company. The purpose of this study is to find out how to improve the quality and participation of consulting firms. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: respondent, empathy, tangibility, certainty, and reliability have a significant influence on the hypothesis that the consulting firm's expertise will affect the management performance through mediating service quality. In addition, it was confirmed that the higher the participation of client firms, the more significant the management performance was. In order to further improve management performance through consulting, active involvement of client firms is suggested. It is believed that studying the characteristics that can increase the participation in the future can lead to meaningful implications.