• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2002

In this study, it is aimed to clarify the status of safety accident and safety health education and risk factors on safety accidents among the selected high school students. The study is accomplished by the survey which includes a total of 558 students sampled from the six high school. The survey took for 10 days from the date of 3th July 2000 to 13th July 2000 and the results were as follows; 1. The rate of experience of safety health education during last one year was 26.4% and the rate of accident during last one month was 20.6%. 2. The risk factors of safety accident during last one year were understanding degree of safety health education(R.R.=2.81), experience of smoking(R.R.=2.55), educational level of mother (R.R=l.63) From the results of this study, we are to propose as follow; Because the purpose of safety health education is the practice, it is important to induce changing the recognition and behavior. Therefore the government have to build up experience place, to bring up professional teacher of safety health education. It need to develope a reference of each subject and to utilize various media. Especially it need to take of education comprehensive health and environmental inducing safety health subject.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.88-93
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• 1987

Chitosan ($\beta$-D-glucosaminan) is chemically prepared from chitin (N-acetyl-$\beta$- D-glucosaminan) which is an unutilized natural resource. We now report on the suitability of the chitosan matrix for use as vehicles for the controlled release of drugs. Salicylic acid and aspirin were used as model drugs in this study. The permeation of salicylic acid in the chitosan membranes was determined in a glass diffusion cell with two compartments of equal volume. Drug release studies on the devices were conducted in a beaker containing 5% sodium hydroxide solution. Partition coefficient (Kd) value for acetate membrane (472) is much greater than that for fluoro-perchlorate chitosan membrane (282). Higher Kd value for acetate chitosan membrane appears to be inconsisstent with the bulk salicylic acid concentration. The permeability constants of fluoro-perchlorate and acetate chisotan membranes for salicylic acid were 3.139 ${\times}10^{-7}cm^2$ min up to 60 min and that of 30% aspirin in the devices was 4.739${\times}10^{-7}cm^2$sec upto 60 min. As the loading dose of aspirin in a chitosan device increased, water up-take of chitosan device increased, but in case of salicylic acid it decreased. The release rate increased with increase in the molecular volume of the drugs. Thses result suggest that the release mechanism may be controlled mainly by diffusion through pores.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.491-495
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• 2004

The industries use polymer materials for many purposes for they have many merits. The costs of these materials take up too great a proportion of the overall cost of products that use these materials as their major material. It is advantage for polymer industries to reduce these costs. The microcellular foaming process was developed in the early 1980s to solve this problem and proved to be quite successful. Microcellular foaming process uses inert gases such as $CO_2$, $N_2$. As these gases solve into polymer matrices, many properties are changed. The microcellular foaming process makes the glass transition temperature of polymers to low, and diminish the residual stress of polymer matrices. Besides, the microcellular foaming process has several merits, impact strength elevation, thermal insulation, noise insulation, and raw material saving etc. This characteristic of microcellular foaming process has influenced by cell morphology. The cell morphology means cell size and cell density. The cell morphology has influenced by many factors. The examples of factor are pressure drop rate, foaming temperature, foaming time, saturation pressure, saturation time etc. Among their factors, pressure drop rate is the most important factor for cell morphology in microcellular foaming injection molding process. This paper describes about the cell morphology change in accordance with the pressure drop rate of microcellular foaming injection molding process.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8127-8133
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• 2016

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of back massage on the anxiety state, cortisol level, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and sleep quality in family caregivers of patients with cancer. Materials and Methods: Forty-four family caregivers were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group (22 interventions, 22 controls) after they were matched on age and gender. The intervention consisted of back massage for 15 minutes per day for a week. Main research outcomes were measured at baseline (day I) and follow-up (day 7). Unpaired t-test, paired t test and chi-square test were used to analyse data. Results: The majority of the caregivers were women, married, secondary school educated and housewife. State anxiety (p<0.001), cortisol level (p<0.05), systolic/diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001, p<0.01 respectively), and pulse rate (p<0.01) were significantly decreased, and sleep quality (p<0.001) increased after back massage intervention. Conclusions: The study results show that family caregivers for patients with cancer can benefit from back massage to improve state anxiety, cortisol level, blood pressure and heart rate, and sleep quality. Oncology nurses can take advantage of back massage, which is non-pharmacologic and easily implemented method, as an independent nursing action to support caregivers for patients with cancer.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.50.2-50.2
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• 2016

Continuous accretion of metal-poor gas can explain the discrepancy between the number of observed G-dwarfs and the number predicted by the "simple model" of galactic evolution. The maximum accretion rate estimated based upon approaching high velocity clouds (HVCs) can be up to ${\sim}0.4M_{\odot}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ which is comparable with the accretion rate required by many chemical evolution models that is at least ${\sim}0.45M_{\odot}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$. However, it is not clear to what extent the exchange of gas between the disk and the cloud can occur when an HVC collides with the galactic disk. Therefore, we examined a series of HVC-Disk collision simulations using the FLASH 2.5 hydrodynamics simulation code. The outcomes of our simulations show that an HVC will more likely take away substances from the galactic disk rather than adding new material to the disk. We define this as an HVC having a "negative fuel rate". Further results in our study also indicate that the process and amount of fuel rate change can have various forms depending on the density, radius and velocity of an approaching HVC. The simulations in our study covers HVCs with a neutral hydrogen volume density from $1.0{\times}10^{-2}cm^{-3}$ to $41.0cm^{-3}$, radius of 200 pc to 1000 pc and velocity in the range between $40km{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and $100km{\cdot}s^{-1}$.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.147-163
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• 1998

The purpose of this research is to look for the best description of calculating the reasonable Landing Fee. Landing Fee is consisted one of major revenues for maintaining an airport. Traditional Landing Fee Rate has been charged based on the weight factor; Maximum take-off weight, Maximum landing weight, or Maximum authorized weight. To achieve a better reliable value of Landing Fee Rate, The elements of Noise and Peak-Time have to be considered as well as the aircraft weight. This research designs the algorithms for calculating Landing Fee Rate and also Landing Fee, based on the aircraft weight. The Network is also applied to above. That is, CGI(Common Gate Interface) is constructed to interface the terminal of calculating Landing Fee Rate, and the terminal of collecting and transmitting the data such as the Weight. The computer language on the CGI was made by C++ and PERL. The main point of this research is to integrate the airport and Information System and to construct the database which is based on the different perspective of calculating Landing Fee Rate. However, the result of the most efficient and reliable will be computed based on above. This research will broaden the range of application up to the each case of airports.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2003년도 추계학술발표강연 및 논문개요집
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• pp.172-172
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• 2003

It has been known that Pd-MILC shows much faster and lower temperature crystallization than Ni-MILC but it can not be put into practice due to the quality issue of thus fabricated poly crystals. In this study, addition of Pd into Ni-MILC has been attempted in order to take advantages of the Pd-MILC without sacrificing of the Ni-MILC TFTs. It turns out that when 5% of Pd has been added to Ni for MILC, MILC growth rate increases two - three times faster than pure Ni-MILC. The MILC growth rate shows monotonic increase with increase the amount of Pd in Ni up to 50%. Even when small amount of Pd was added to Ni like 5%, crystallization phenomenon already follows the way of Pd-MILC. The Poly-W thus fabricated shows lower leakage current than pure Ni-MILC TFT without losing any amount of on-current This fact is very important in low temperature poly-TFTs because MILC-TFTs, especially suffer from the relatively high leakage current

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.773-781
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• 2002

The natural carbon cycle has been perturbed since the mid-19th century by anthropogenic CO$_2$emissions from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation due to population growth and industrialization. The current study simulated the global carbon cycle for the past 42 years using an eight-box carbon cycle model. The results showed that since the terrestrial biospheric carbon sink was roughly offset by the deforestation source, the fossil fuel emission source was partitioned between the atmospheric and oceanic sinks. However, the partitioning ratio between the atmosphere and the ocean exhibited a change, that is, the carbon accumulation rate was faster in the atmosphere than in the ocean, due to a decrease in the so-called ocean buffering capacity. It was found that the ocean buffering capacity to take up excess CO$_2$decreased by 50% in terms of the buffer factor over the past 42 years. Accordingly, these results indicate that if the current CO$_2$emission trend continues, the future rate of increase in the atmospheric CO$_2$concentration will accelerate.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2001

As important factors determining human sensorial comfort, liquid moisture management and surface properties of heat resistant workwear materials were examined. To figure out liquid moisture management properties of the test materials, absorption capacity, rate of absorption, and evaporation properties were assessed. A modified GATS(Gravimetric Absorbency Testing System) was used to measure the liquid moisture accumulation associated with the wicking of liquid moisture from sweating skin. The GATS procedure measures demand wettability of materials to take up liquid in a direction perpendicular to the fabric surface and it was modified to incorporate a special test cell and cover to assess absorption behavior in the presence of evaporation. Fabric stiffness, smoothness, number and the length of surface fibers, and an estimate of the contact area between the skin and fabric surface were measured to characterize the mechanical and surface properties of the test materials. Also an estimate of the force with which a fabric clings to moist skin was made using as wet-cling index.

• Geosystem Engineering
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.282-290
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• 2018

The onset of extreme fire behaviour in a mine drift with longitudinal ventilation was analysed. A fire in a mine drift with continuous fuel load, involving several separate fires may lead to flames tilted horizontally and filling up the entire cross section. This will lead to earlier ignition, higher fire growth rate, higher fire spread rate and a severe fire behaviour. The focus has been on what changes take place at the onset and signs of the impending phenomenon. It was found that the fire gas temperature at the ceiling level provided a poor indicator. At the downstream far-field region of the fire, the sudden temperature increase at the lowest levels of the cross section and the sudden increase in flow velocities would provide signs of extreme fire behaviour. The corresponding full-scale heat release rates of the experiments at the onset of extreme fire behaviour were found to be very high for mining applications but not necessarily for tunnel fires. The heat release rate threshold for a mine drift with smaller cross-sectional dimensions would decrease considerably, increasing the likelihood of occurrence. The distance between the fuel items will play an important role during the initiation of horizontal flames.