• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 1998

Objectives: The authors tried to analyze the results of carotid artery sacrifice with or without preoperative carotid evaluation. Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients undergone carotid sacrifice were evaluated. Carotid balloon occlusion test (BOT) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with technetium-99m-labeled hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime ($^{99m}Tc-HMPAO$) were used for preoperative carotid evaluation. Results: The causes of carotid artery sacrifice consisted of the neck mass involving the carotid artery, spontaneous aneurysmal rupture, and traumatic pseudoaneurysm. Five patient had postoperative neurologic complications and two of them had permanent neurologic deficits. Conclusion: The authors stress that the preoperative evaluation in carotid artery sacrifice is imperable, and the BOT with SPECT can be used in selecting the method of treatment. But since these tests cannot predict the postoperative outcome perfectly, careful perioperative care of the patients should be exercised regardless of the results of the preoperative evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2002

This study was to investigate the level of fatigue and its associated variables in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) in Korea. From March to June, 2001, 100 patients, registered at one university hospital rheumatology clinic in Seoul, were accepted as subjects for this study. The sampling method was adopted a non-probability, purposive technique. The instruments used for this study were The Multidimensional Assessment Fatigue scale developed by Tack and Beck Depression Instrument develped by Beck. The collected data were analyzed by SAS program using t-test, ANOVA with Scheffe-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: 1. Total scores of fatigue of the subjects averaged $24.46(\pm10.85)$, degree of fatigue was $5.08(\pm2.29)$, and influence of fatigue was $3.52(\pm2.12)$. 2. Regarding characteristics, more depressive(p=.0001) and more painfuI(p=.0122) patients revealed more fatigue. Also, the subjects with spouse(p=.0337) and having poor quality of sleep(p=.0445) revealed more fatigue. 3. The subjects' total fatigue score, depression, pain and age was correlated positively(r=.53; r=.48; r=.24), and total fatigue score, and exercise time, quality of sleep was correlated negatively(r=-.45; r=-.21). 4. The main influencing factors on the fatigue were depression$(52.92\%)$ and quality of sleep $(8.10\%)$. These two main variables made it possible to explain $61.02\%$ of the varience in fatigue. In conclusion, this study revealed depression and quality of sleep is an important factor that can improve quality of life in patients with SLE. It is recommended that nursing intervention for SLE patients would be focused to decrease depression and to enhance quality of sleep.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1740-1748
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• 2014

This paper focuses on listening test and acoustic analysis of patients' speech with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) and normal speakers' simulation speech. In this research, a set consisting of 50-words, vowels and single syllables is determined for speech database construction. A web-based listening evaluation system is developed for a convenient/automated evaluation procedure. The analysis results show the trend of incorrect recognition for VPI speech and the one for simulation speech are similar. Such similarity is also confirmed by comparing the formant locations of vowel and spectrum of consonant sounds. These results show that the simulation method for VPI speech is effective at generating the speech signals similar to actual VPI patient's speech. It is expected that the simulation speech data can be effectively employed for our future work such as acoustic model adaptation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.17-27
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of three interventions (intervention by passive range of motion exercise plus manual cervical traction, Mulligan's joint mobilization, and strengthening exercises) after Kaltenborn's joint mobilization on the cervical spine alignment, and muscle activity in patients with a forward head posture. METHODS: The subjects were 39 students from H University in Chungnam and C University in Jeonbuk. The subjects in each group attended training sessions three times a week for four weeks. We used one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc test to compare values between groups, and used paired t-test to compare the values of the dependent variables within groups. RESULTS: The results showed that the active intervention group experienced a significant increase compared to the passive intervention group in terms of the craniovertebral angle, cervical lordosis angle, and had significant decreases compared to the passive intervention group in terms of the upper trapezius muscle activity. The active intervention group also had significant increases in craniovertebral angle and decreased anterior scalene muscle activity than the active-assistive intervention group. The active-assistive intervention group had significant decreases compared to the active intervention group in terms of the serratus anterior, levator scapulae, and splenius capitis muscle activity. CONCLUSION: It appears that the subjects with a forward head posture had significant improvements in the cervical lordosis angle, cranial rotation angle, craniovertebral angle, and muscle activity after intervention by Mulligan's joint mobilization (active-assistive intervention component) and strengthening exercises (active intervention component) after applying Kaltenborn's joint mobilization.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.322-327
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the influence of the maximal aerobic capacity on the two-year cardiac-related re-hospitalization in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in Korean society. Methods: The maximal aerobic capacity of the study population (n=95, male 63%) was evaluated using a cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) testing system. Each patient was followed up for two years to divide the HFrEF patients into two groups according to cardiac-related re-hospitalization: re-hospitalization (RH) group (n=29, 30%) and no re-hospitalization (NRH) group (n=66, 70%). Results: The relative peak $VO_2$ (mL/kg/min, p<0.001), exercise duration (p<0.001), respiratory exchange ratio ($VCO_2/VO_2$, p=0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) reserve (p=0.004), heart rate (HR) reserve (p=0.007), SBP max (p=0.02), and HR max (p=0.039) were significantly lower in the RH group than the NRH group during the CPX test. On the other hand, the ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2 slope, p=0.02) and age (p=0.022) were significantly higher in the RH group than in the NRH group. In binary logistic regression analysis, the relative peak $VO_2$ (p=0.001, Wald Chi-square 10.137) was the strongest predictive factor on cardiac-related re-hospitalization, which was followed by $VCO_2/VO_2$ (p=0.019, Wald Chi-square 5.54). On the other hand, age (p=0.063, Wald Chi-square 3.445) did not have a significant influence on cardiac related re-hospitalization. Conclusion: The maximal aerobic capacity, especially the relative peak $VO_2$, is the strongest factor on cardiac-related re-hospitalization within two years in patients with HFrEF in Korean society.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.45-52
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• 2017

The precast concrete (PC) method has many advantages in fast construction, quality control, etc. In domestic construction market, however, its application has been quite limited because of the concerns about structural integrity and seismic performances due to the discrete connections between precast concrete members. By applying the post-tensioning method, the precast beam-column connection can be well tightened, allowing improved structural integrity, and proper seismic performances can be also achieved. In this study, reversed cyclic tests have been conducted on the beam-column connection specimens, where the test variables included the compressive strength of grouting mortar and the tensile strengths of prestressing strands, based on which their seismic performances have been examined in detail. The post-tensioned PC beam-column connections showed good seismic performances comparable to that of the monolithic reinforced concrete connection specimen. When 2400 MPa prestressing strands are applied to the beam-column connection, it is preferable to adjust the prestress level similar to that applied for the 1860 MPa prestressing strands to avoid premature local crushing failures at the beam-column connections.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.3 s.51
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• pp.678-689
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• 1995

Chromium is one of the representative toxic substance by occupational exposure which damage the mucosa of respiratory tract including nasal septal perforation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of chromium exposure on olfactory function and to obtain the fundamental information about chromium exposure. The authors performed olfactory function test, laboratory tests and questionnaire interview on the subject of three groups, that is, two exposed groups and one nonexposed group from May 1 to June 30, 1994. Exposed group 1 was 15 male workers without nasal septal perforation, exposed group 2 was 15 male workers with nasal septal perforation among 103 workers in 22 chromium plating factories, and nonexposed group was 15 male medical students. The gathered informations were histories of chromium exposure, habits of smoking and alcohol drinking, the concentrations of chromium in serum and urine, and asparate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase, etc. Olfactory function was checked by T and T olfectometer using phenyl ethyl alcohol(material A), methyl cyclopentenolone(material B), iso-valeric acid(material C), $\gamma$-undecalactone(material D), skatole(material E) and the results were expressed by detection threshold(DT) and recognition threshold(RT). There was a significant difference between exposed groups and nonexposed group in A, B, C, D, E substances by DT and in A, B, C, D substances by RT(P<0.01). The degree of olfactory dysfunction was highest in the exposed group 2 and lowest in the nonexposed group in all five substances by DT and it was same in A B, D substances RT and the difference of RT and DT. As summary, olfactory dysfunction by chromium exposure was recognized and the degree of olfactory dysfunction was higher in the exposed group with nasal septal perforation. Therefore, it would be helpful to apply olfactory function test for the early detection of olfactory dysfunction, and this test would be considered as the basic tool within workers' compensation system.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.403-414
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• 2015

Lithospermum erythrorhizon has long been used as a traditional oriental medicine. In this study, the acute and 28-day subacute oral dose toxicity studies of hexane extracts of the roots of L. erythrorhizon (LEH) were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the acute toxicity study, LEH was administered once orally to 5 male and 5 female rats at dose levels of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg. Mortality, clinical signs, and body weight changes were monitored for 14 days. Salivation, soft stool, soiled perineal region, compound-colored stool, chromaturia and a decrease in body weight were observed in the extract-treated groups, and no deaths occurred during the study. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose (ALD) of LEH in male and female rats was higher than 2,000 mg/kg. In the subacute toxicity study, LEH was administered orally to male and female rats for 28 days at dose levels of 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg/day. There was no LEH-related toxic effect in the body weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, hematology, clinical chemistry and organ weights. Compound-colored (black) stool, chromaturia and increased protein, ketone bodies, bilirubin and occult blood in urine were observed in the male and female rats treated with the test substance. In addition, the necropsy revealed dark red discoloration of the kidneys, and the histopathological examination showed presence of red brown pigment or increased hyaline droplets in the renal tubules of the renal cortex. However, there were no test substance-related toxic effects in the hematology and clinical chemistry, and no morphological changes were observed in the histopathological examination of the kidneys. Therefore, it was determined that there was no significant toxicity because the changes observed were caused by the intrinsic color of the test substance. These results suggest that the no-observed-adverse-effect Level (NOAEL) of LEH is greater than 400 mg/kg/day in both sexes.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.341-350
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• 2016

Background: Prenatal exposure to infectious and/or inflammatory insults can increase the risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorder such as bipolar disorder, autism, and schizophrenia later in life. We investigated whether Valeriana fauriei (VF) treatment alleviates prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits and social interaction impairment induced by maternal immune activation (MIA). Methods and Results: Pregnant mice were exposed to polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid (5 mg/kg, viral infection mimic) on gestational day 9. The adolescent offspring received daily oral treatment with VF (100 mg/kg) and injections of clozapine (5 mg/kg) for 30 days starting on the postnatal day 35. The effects of VF extract treatment on behavioral activity impairment and protein expression were investigated using the PPI analysis, forced swim test (FST), open field test (OFT), social interaction test (SIT), and immunohistochemistry. The MIA-induced offspring showed deficits in the PPI, FST, OFT, and SIT compared to their non MIA-induced counterparts. Treatment with the VF extract significantly recovered the sensorimotor gating deficits and partially recovered the aggressive behavior observed in the SIT. The VF extract also reversed the downregulation of protein expression induced by MIA in the medial prefrontal cortex. Conclusions: Our results provide initial evidence of the fact that the VF extract could reverse MIA-induced behavioral impairment and prevent neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.548-557
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a semi-automatic modeling approach of ontology to annotate VOD to realize the IPTV's intelligent searching. The ontology is made by combining partial tree that extracts hypernym, hyponym, and synonym of keywords related to a service domain from WordNet. Further, we add to the partial tree new keywords that are undefined in WordNet, such as foreign words and words written in Chinese characters. The ontology consists of two parts: generic hierarchy and specific hierarchy. The former is the semantic model of vocabularies such as keywords and contents of keywords. They are defined as classes including property restrictions in the ontology. The latter is generated using the reasoning technique by inferring contents of keywords based on the generic hierarchy. An annotation generates metadata (i.e., contents and genre) of VOD based on the specific hierarchy. The generic hierarchy can be applied to other domains, and the specific hierarchy helps modeling the ontology to fit the service domain. This approach is proved as good to generate metadata independent of any specific domain. As a result, the proposed method produced around 82% precision with 2,400 VOD annotation test data.