• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2014

Cell death and survival are tightly controlled through the highly coordinated activation/inhibition of diverse signal transduction pathways to insure normal development and physiology. Imbalance between cell death and survival often leads to autoimmune diseases and cancer. Death receptors sense extracellular signals to induce caspase-mediated apoptosis. Acting upstream of CED-3 family proteases, such as caspase-3, Bcl-2 prevents apoptosis. Using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), we suppressed Bcl-2 expression in Jurkat T cells, and this increased TCR-triggered AICD and enhanced TNFR gene expression. Also, knockdown of Bcl-2 in Jurkat T cells suppressed the gene expression of FLIP, TNF receptor-associated factors 3 (TRAF3) and TRAF4. Furthermore, suppressed Bcl-2 expression increased caspase-3 and diminished nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) translocation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.168-178
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• 2014

Objectives : Mahuang-Chuanwu(Mahwang-Cheonoh) Pharmacopuncture(MCP) has been used to treat obesity in Clinical Korean Medicine. MCP solution(MCPS) is also expected to have strong anti-obesity activities. However, little is known about the mechanisms of its inhibitory effects on adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. Methods : In the present study, we examined the effects of MCPS on differentiation and lipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. To elucidate the mechanism of the effects of MCPS on lowering lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we examined whether MCPS modulates the expressions of transcription factors to induce lipogenesis and adipogenic genes related to regulate the accumulation of lipids. Results : Our results showed that MCPS significantly inhibited differentiation and lipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. MCPS suppressed the mRNA expressions of cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine(CCAAT)/enhancer binding proteins ${\alpha}$($C/EBP{\alpha}$), C/EBP ${\beta}$, $C/EBP{\delta}$, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$($PPAR{\gamma}$) genes related to the induction of adipose differentiation. MCPS inhibited the mRNA expressions of adipose-specific aP2, adipsin, lipoprotein lipase(LPL), CD36, TGF-${\beta}$, and leptin genes related to the fat formation. MCPS downregulated the mRNA expressions of liver X receptor(LXR) ${\alpha}$ and fatty acid synthase(FAS) genes related to the induction of lipogenesis. In addition, MCPS reduced the production of adipocyte-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions : MCPS could regulate the accumulation of lipids and expression of adipogenic genes via inhibition of transcript factors related to induction of adipose differentiation.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2023

The blue-tailed damselfly, Ischnura elegans Van der Linden, 1820 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae), is a climate-sensitive indicator species in South Korea. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of I. elegans collected from South Korea for subsequent population genetic analysis, particularly to trace population movements in response to climate change. The 15,963 base pair (bp)-long complete mitogenome of I. elegans has typical sets of genes including a major non-coding region (the A+T-rich region), and an arrangement identical to that observed in ancestral insect species. The ATP6, ND3 and ND1 genes have the TTG start codon, which, although rare, is the canonical start codon for animal mitochondrial tRNA. The A/T content was 71.4% in protein-coding genes, 72.1% in tRNAs, 72.9% in the whole genome, 74.7% in srRNA, 75.3% in lrRNA, and 83.8% in the A+T-rich region. The A+T-rich region is unusually long (1,196 bp) and contains two subunits (192 bp and 176-165 bp), each of which is tandemly triplicated and surrounded by non-repeat sequences. Comparison of the sequence divergence among available mitogenomes of I. elegans, including the one from the current study, revealed ND2 as the most variable gene, followed by COII and COI, suggesting that ND2 should be targeted first in subsequent population-level studies. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on all available mitogenome sequences of Coenagrionidae showed a strong sister relationship between I. elegans and I. senegalensis.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2007

Hoxc8 is one of the homeotic developmental control genes regulating the expression of many downstream target genes, through which animal body pattern is established during embryonic development. In previous proteomics analysis, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) which is also known as cyclin, has been implied to be regulated by Hoxc8 in F9 murine embryonic teratocarcinoma cell. When the 5' upstream region of PCNA was analyzed, it turned out to contain 20 Hox core binding sites (ATTA) in about 1.17 kbp (kilo base pairs) region ($-520{\sim}-1690$). In order to test whether this region is responsible for Hoxc8 regulation, the upstream 2.3 kbp fragment of PCNA was amplified through PCR and then cloned into the pGL3 basic vector containing a luciferase gene as a reporter. When the luciferase activity was measured in the presence of effector plasmid (pcDNA : c8) expressing murine Hoxc8, the PCNA promoter driven reporter activity was reduced. To confirm whether this reduction is due to the Hoxc8 protein, the siRNA against Hoxc8 (5'-GUA UCA GAC CUU GGA ACU A-3' and 5'-UAG UUC CAA GGU CUG AUA C-3') was prepared. Interestingly enough, siRNA treatment up regulated the luciferase activity which was down regulated by Hoxc8, indicating that Hoxc8 indeed regulates the expression of PCNA, in particular, down regulation in NIN3T3 cells. These results altogether indicate that Hoxc8 might orchestrate the pattern formation by regulating PCNA which is one of the important proteins involved in several processes such as DNA replication and methylation, chromatin remodeling, cell cycle regulation, differentiation, as well as programmed cell death.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.295-299
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• 2007

체세포 핵이식을 통한 형질전환 소를 생산 시 초기 수정란 발육 시 발생하는 주요 유전자의 이상 발현을 규명을 목적으로 본 연구를 수행하였다. 형질전환 복제수정란의 낮은 발육능의 원인을 규명하기 위해 하기 위하여 단위 발생란, 체외수정란 및 형질전환 복제수정란에서 초기 배 발육에 중요한 유전자인 IFN-t, Oct4 및 Fgf4유전자의 발현량을 비교 분석하였다. RNA는 각각 10개 수정란에서 추출한 후 reverse-transcription하여 first cDNA를 합성하고 이를 가지고 실시간 중합효수 연쇄반응을 실시하였다. IFN-t유전자의 발현은 형질전환 복제란에서 유의적으로 높게 나왔다 (P<0.05).그러나 Oct4 및 Fgf4 유전자의 경우 형질전환 복제란에서 체외수정란에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나옴을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로, 형질전환 복제수정란의 낮은 발육능이 원인이 발육에 중요한 유전자의 이상 발현에 기인된다고 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2439-2442
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• 2013

We investigated the possible association of interleukin-10 (IL-10) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in 115 patients and 137 healthy controls. Genetic analysis of IL-10 SNPs at -819 and -592 was carried out with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) approach. The IL-10 mRNA expression of AML patients and controls with different genotype was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Genetic analysis of IL-10 revealed that the -819AA genotype frequencies and the -819A allele frequencies in the AML group were higher than in the controls (59.1% vs 40.9%; 75.6% vs 63.9%, respectively); there were remarkable differences in -819T/C and -592A/C gene distribution (P<0.05) and the TA haploid frequencies were higher in the AML group (75.6% vs 63.9%, P<0.05). IL-10 mRNA expression in incipient AML patients was obvious higher than the non-tumor group and the remission group ($7.78{\times}10^{-3}$ vs $2.43{\times}10^{-3}$, $3.64{\times}10^{-3}$, P<0.05).The study suggested that the haploid TA and genotype TA/TA may be associated with AML in Han people in Hunan province.The IL-10 SNPs at -819 and -592 sites were associated with AML and may affect IL-10 mRNA expression in AML patients.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2010

The base sequences representing human- and cow-specific 168 rRNA gene markers identified in a T-RFLP analysis were recovered from clone libraries. The human- and cow-specific primers were designed from these sequences and their specificities were analyzed with fecal DNAs from human, cow, and pig. The AllBac primer set showed positive results for all human, cow, and pig samples, whereas the human-specific primer set showed positive result only for the human sample but not for the cow or pig samples. Likewise, the cow-specific primer set showed positive results only for the cow sample but not for the human or pig samples. Real-time PCR assay with these primers was developed for the identification and quantification of fecal pollution in the river water. The human- and cow-specific markers were detected in the order of 9 $\log_{10}$ copies per gram wet feces, which were two orders of magnitude lower than those of total Bacteroidales. For the river water samples, the human-specific marker was detected in $1.7-6.2\;\log_{10}$ copies/100 ml water, which was 2.4-4.9 orders of magnitude lower than those of total Bacteroidales. There was no significant correlation between total Bacteroidales and conventional fecal indicators, but there was a high correlation between Bacteroidales and the human-specific marker. This assay could reliably identify and quantify the fecal pollution sources, enabling effective measures in the watersheds and facilitating water quality management.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.684-692
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• 2003

The herbal extract(YMT_02) is a modified extracts from Yukmijihwang-tang(YMJ) to promote memory-enhancing. The YMJ extracts has been widely used as replenishing yin and tonifying the kidneys herbal medicine for hundred years ia Asian countries. The purpose of this study is to: 1) quantitatively evaluate the memory-enhancing effect of YMT_02 by passive avoidance test, 2) statistical evaluation of candidate gene expression (pentraxin. PEP-19, transthyretin) in rat hippocampus. The hippocampi of YMT_02 and control group were dissected and mRNA was further purified. After synthesizing cDNA using oligo-dT primer, the cDNA were applied to Real Time PCR. The results were as follows : 1) passive avoidance test showed enhancing memory retentin by YMT_02 treatment, 2) expression of pentraxin, that accelerate degenerating of neuronal cell, was significantly decreased, 3) the mRNA of genes that has been known to be associated with protecting neuronal cell degeneration, such as PEP-19 and transthyretin, were significantly increased upon YMT_02 treatment. From above results, the administration of YMT_02 which tonify the function of Kidneys could enhance the ability of memory and learning. In addition, the administration of YMT_02 enhance memory retention through modulating particular gene (pentraxin, PEP-19, transthyretin) expressions in hippocampu.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.423-432
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• 2013

Zi geese (Anser anser domestica) belong to the white geese and are excellent layers with a superior feed-to-egg conversion ratio. Quantitative gene expression analysis, such as Real-time qRT-PCR, will provide a good understanding of ovarian function during egg-laying and consequently improve egg production. However, we still don't know what reference genes in geese, which show stable expression, should be used for such quantitative analysis. In order to reveal such reference genes, the stability of seven genes were tested in five tissues of Zi geese. Methodology/Principal Findings: The relative transcription levels of genes encoding hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 (HPRT1), ${\beta}$-actin (ACTB), ${\beta}$-tubulin (TUB), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GADPH), succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein (SDH), 28S rRNA (28S) and 18S rRNA (18S) have been quantified in heart, liver, kidney, muscle and ovary in Zi geese respectively at different developmental stages (1 d, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months). The expression stability of these genes was analyzed using geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper software. Conclusions: The expression of 28S in heart, GAPDH in liver and ovary, ACTB in kidney and HPRT1 in muscle are the most stable genes as identified by the three different analysis methods. Thus, these genes are recommended for use as candidate reference genes to compare mRNA transcription in various developmental stages of geese.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.514-523
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• 2019

인삼(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer)의 사포닌 진세노사이드 Rb1이 처리된 인간 피부각질세포 HaCaT에서 microarray 분석 및 발현이 증가된 세포사멸 반응에 대한 작용기전을 연구하였다. HaCaT 세포에 진세노사이드 Rb1의 처리로 세포사멸, 유사분열 세포주기의 G2/M 전이, 세포분열, 핵분열, 그리고 단백질 수송 등의 작용기전에 관여하는 유전자들이 2 배 이상 발현이 증가된 것으로 나타났으며, DNA 수선, 감수 핵분열, 그리고 세포외기질 체계 등의 작용기전에 관여하는 유전자들은 2 배 이상 발현이 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 특히 세포사멸 신호전달은 FAS와 PLA2G4A를 경유하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이들 유전자의 상위 조절자로 STAT3가 예측되었다. 세포사멸 반응 경유 유전자 FAS와 PLA2G4A의 활성을 qPCR로 확인한 결과, FAS 유전자는 $10{\mu}g/ml$의 진세노사이드 Rb1를 24시간 동안 처리하였을 경우 약 2 배의 발현 증가와, PLA2G4A 유전자는 6시간 처리부터 약 2 배로 증가되어 24시간 동안 처리시 2 배 이상의 유전자 발현이 증가되었다. 한편 STAT3-siRNA를 이용한 knock-down 실험에서 FAS의 발현 감소와 PLA2G4A의 발현 증가로 상위 조절자 STAT3로부터 FAS 만을 경유하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과 진세노사이드 Rb1의 처리에 의해 상위 조절자인 STAT3는 FAS를 경유하여 세포사멸을 유도하는 것임을 알 수 있다.