• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 1999

Highly metastatic mouse T-lymphoma CS21 cells can grow in vitro when cocultured with CA12 lymph node stromal cells, but they undergo apoptotic cell death when separated from CA12 stromal cells. It has been found that cysteine and interleukin-7(IL-7) as antiapoptotic soluble factors that produced by CA12 stromal cells. In this study, we report that an ICE family protease is activated in CS21 cells when separated from CA12 stromal cells and cultured alone. Enzyme purification using an avidin affinity column revealed that the involved cysteine protease possessed caspase3-like death protease activity. In addition, when IL-7 was added to CS21 cell culture, the protease activity could not be detected during partial purification of the enzyme. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the caspase3-like protease activation is suppressed by IL-7 as an antiapoptotic factor that leads to abrogation of apoptosis execution.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.428-432
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• 2000

A PVC membrane electrode based on upper-rim calix[4]crown as ionophore was prepared using dioctyl sebacate (DOS) as a plasticizer. The potential response of this membrane electrode to alkali, alkaline earth metal cations were examined. This membrane electrode exhibited a Nemstian response to $10^{-5}-10^{-1}M$ of CsCI with a slope of 52.3 mV/decade in Tris-buffer(pH 7.20). Its response time ($t_{90%}$) was 10s and it could be used for at least 2 months.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.441-450
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• 2011

This study examined the effects of feeding whole-crop barley silage (BS), corn silage (CS) and the mixture of BS and CS (CB) on feed consumption, daily gain, nutrients apparent digestibilities and blood parameters in order to investigate the feed evaluation in Korean black goats. BS, CS, and CB were fed to twelve Korean black goats, which were allocated into three groups in metabolic cages according to the latin-square design. As a result, dry and organic matter intakes for goats per day have shown a tendency to decrease in the order of CS, CB and BS, but there were no significant differences. We also found a similar tendency when the intakes of crude protein, crude fat, and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) were examined. However, ADF and NDF consumptions showed a decreasing tendency in the order of CB, BS and CS. Dry matter intakes per metabolic body weight showed the decreasing tendency in the order of CS (57.6g), CB (53.8g) and BS (52.7g), however with no statistical differences. Average daily gain of 64.2 g in CB was significantly higher than the other groups (42.0g to 46.0g). Nitrogen intakes and nitrogen retention showed a decreasing tendency in the order of CS, CB and BC. Nevertheless, nitrogen retention in CS group was higher by 30% than that of the BC group with p<0.05. Apparant digestibilities of dry and organic matters were 72.6 and 72.8% for the CS group respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the BS group (67.5 and 69.0%) and the CB group (66.0 and 67.1%). In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that the CS group showed more positive feed consumption, digestibility, and nitrogen retention in Korean black goats than those of BS group. The CB group, however, showed similar results to the results of the CS group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.640-645
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the present conventional selection program of a swine nucleus farm and compare it with a new selection strategy employing genomic enhanced breeding value (GEBV) as the selection criteria. The ZPLAN+ software was employed to calculate and compare the genetic gain, total cost, return and profit of each selection strategy. The first strategy reflected the current conventional breeding program, which was a progeny test system (CS). The second strategy was a selection scheme based strictly on genomic information (GS1). The third scenario was the same as GS1, but the selection by GEBV was further supplemented by the performance test (GS2). The last scenario was a mixture of genomic information and progeny tests (GS3). The results showed that the accuracy of the selection index of young boars of GS1 was 26% higher than that of CS. On the other hand, both GS2 and GS3 gave 31% higher accuracy than CS for young boars. The annual monetary genetic gain of GS1, GS2 and GS3 was 10%, 12%, and 11% higher, respectively, than that of CS. As expected, the discounted costs of genomic selection strategies were higher than those of CS. The costs of GS1, GS2 and GS3 were 35%, 73%, and 89% higher than those of CS, respectively, assuming a genotyping cost of $120. As a result, the discounted profit per animal of GS1 and GS2 was 8% and 2% higher, respectively, than that of CS while GS3 was 6% lower. Comparison among genomic breeding scenarios revealed that GS1 was more profitable than GS2 and GS3. The genomic selection schemes, especially GS1 and GS2, were clearly superior to the conventional scheme in terms of monetary genetic gain and profit.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 1998

Cyclosporine (CsA) is a major immunosuppressive drug used widely to prevent organ allograft rejection. fits potential organotoxicity by prolonged use is known to cause both direct tissue damage and indirect pharmacokinetic interactions with other drugs. This study was performed to determine the effect of nicardipine (NCP) on the pharmacokinetic parameters of CsA in Sprague-Dawley rats. Each rat was administered with CsA in saline-treated group or in NCP-treated group which was pretreated with NCP (5 mg/kg/12 hours, i.p.) for 6 days. The plasma CsA concentration were analyzed by reversed HPLC: UV system at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after bolus injection of CsA (10 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic parameters (mean$\pm$ SD, n=7) such as initial plasma concentration (C(0)), mean residence time (MRT), steady-state volume of distribution (Vdss), terminal half-life (t$\frac{1}{2}$($\beta$)) and plasma clearance (CLp) of CsA in each groups (saline-group vs NCP-group) were determined as follows: C(0) (5.66$\pm$ 1.98 vs 17.98$\pm$2.36, p<0.01); Vdss (2.68$\pm$ 1.6 vs 0.94 $\pm$ 0.25, p<0.01); CLp (0.53 $\pm$0.18 vs 0.21 $\pm$0.06, p<0.01). Therefore, Our results indicate that nicardipine significantly affects the pharmacokinetic parameters of cyclosporme, especially C(0), Vdss, and CLp in NCP-treated group. We suggest that the significant pharmacokinetic interaction between cyclosporine and nicardipine should be considered and cyclosporine level should be closely monitored and dosage reduction made as necessary in clinical situation that was coadministered with CsA and NCP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 1993

In situ degradability and fermentation characteristics in the rumen of goats fed whole crop corn forage ensiled with (MS silage) or without (CS silage) 30% of cage layer manure (CLM) were investigated. The two silages were well preserved. To adjust nitrogen intake of CS silage to that of MS silage, the 3rd group of goats was given urea with CS silage at feeding time (US silage). Each goat was given a diet of 2% of the body weight (dry matter basis) daily. In situ degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of MS silage in the rumen were higher than those of CS and US silages. Total potentially degradable portions of DM and CP in MS silage were also higher than those in CS and US silages. Blood urea nitrogen and rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration of goats fed US and MS silages were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of goats fed CS silage. Acetic, propionic and butyric acids in ruminal fluids of goats fed MS silage were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of goats fed CS and US silages.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.324-335
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• 2020

Objective: To compare postoperative positional changes in the mandibular proximal segment between the conventional orthognathic surgery (CS) and the surgery-first approach (SF) using intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) in patients with Class III malocclusion. Methods: Thirty-eight patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent bimaxillary surgery were divided into two groups according to the use of preoperative orthodontic treatment: CS group (n = 18) and SF group (n = 20). Skeletal changes in both groups were measured using computed tomography before (T0), 2 days after (T1), and 1 year after (T2) the surgery. Three-dimensional (3D) angular changes in the mandibular proximal segment, condylar position, and maxillomandibular landmarks were assessed. Results: The mean amounts of mandibular setback and maxillary posterior impaction were similar in both groups. At T2, the posterior portion of the mandible moved upward in both groups. In the SF group, the anterior portion of the mandible moved upward by a mean distance of 0.9 ± 1.0 mm, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). There were significant between-group differences in occlusal changes (p < 0.001) as well as in overjet and overbite. However, there were no significant between-group differences in proximal segment variables. Conclusions: Despite postoperative occlusal changes, positional changes in the mandibular proximal segment and the position of the condyles were similar between CS and SF, which suggested that SF using IVRO achieved satisfactory postoperative stability. If active physiotherapy is conducted, the proximal segment can be adapted in the physiological position regardless of the occlusal changes.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.360-366
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• 1995

1-$\beta$-Methyl carbapenem-2-substituted pyrroudine derivatives. CRB 529 and CRB 550, were synthesized as investigational carbapenem derivatives. It has been reported that the in vitro antibacterial activities of the compounds against G(+) and G(-) bacteria were almost the same or more effective than those of imipenem (IPM) and meropenem (MEPM), and also showed better in vivo efficacy than MEPM and inlipeneni/cilastatin (IPM/CS) against representative G(-) organisms, P. aeruginosa and MRSA organisms, S. aureus. The antibacterial activities, pharmacokinetics and protective efficacy of IPM/CS and CRB 529 and CRB 550 wereconducted after subcutaneous or intravenous administration to mice and rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters of CRB 529 and CRB 550 in mice were as follows: the observed maximal serum concentrations (C$_{max}$) following I.V. administration were 87.5 and 101 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for CRB 529 and CRB 550, respectively, and 63.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for IPM/CS. The half-lives (t$_{1/2}$) were 14.0 and 12.0 n-dn for CRB 529 and CRB 550, respectively, and 14.8 min for IPM/CS. In rats, $C_{max}$ after I.V. administration were 74.0 and 91.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for CRB 529 and CRB 550, respectively, and 41.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for IPM/CS. The tissue levels of CRB 529 and CRB 550 and IPM/CS after I.V. administration at a dose of 20 mg/kg decreased by the following order: lung, heart, kindney, liver and spleen for CRB 529, lddney, liver. lung, heart and spleen for CRB 550 and kidney, lung, liver, heart, spleen and brain for IPM/CS. In systemic infection, CRB 529 and CRB 550 showed excellent efficacies against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus (MRSA) at a dose of 5 mg/kg. The PD$_{50s}$ were 0.80, 0.36 mg/kg for CRB 529 and CRB 550, respectively, and 3.22 mg/kg for IPM/CS against P. aeruginosa. The corresponding values against S. aureus (MRSA) were 76.0, 55.3 mg/kg for CRB 529 and CRB 550, respectively, and 146 mg/kg for IPM/CS. In local infection, the antibacterial activities of CRB 529 and CRB 550 were more effective than those of IPM/CS against intrarenal infection with E. coli and P. aeruginosa and also showed as effective as IPM/CS against respiratory tract infection with E. coli and P. aeruginosa at a dose of 5 mg/kg.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2009

Piezoelectric single crystals in the ternary MPB PMN-PZ-PT system with high $T_cs$ ($T_c$ > $200\sim300^{\circ}C$) and $E_cs$($E_c$>5~10 kV/cm) were fabricated by the cost-effective solid-state crystal growth (SSCG) technique. Chemically uniform PMN-PZT single crystals were successfully grown up to 60 mm by the SSCG method and their dielectric and piezoelectric properties characterized. Compared to Bridgman PMN-PT single crystals, the high $T_c/E_c$ PMN-PZT single crystals were found to exhibit a much wider usage range with respect to electric field as well as temperature, and thus become best candidates for medical transducers, actuators, and naval applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.379-379
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• 2018

MXenes are a new family of 2D transition metal carbide nanosheets analogous to graphene (Lv et al., 2017; Sun et al., 2018). Due to the easy availability, hydrophilic behavior, and tunable chemistry of MXenes, their use in applications for environmental pollution remediation such as heavy metal adsorption has recently been explored (Li et al., 2017). In this study, three-dimensional (3D) MXene ($Ti_3C_2T_x$) films with high adsorption capacity, good mechanical strength, and high selectivity for specific radionuclide from aquose solution were successfully fabricated by a polymeric precursor method using vacuum-assisted filtration. The highest removal efficiency on the films was 99.54%, 95.61%, and 82.79% for $Sr^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$, and $Cs^+$, respectively, using a film dosage of 0.06 g/ L in the initial radionuclide solution (each radionuclide concentration = 1 mg/L and pH = 7.0). Especially, the adsorption process reached an equilibrium within 30 min. The expanded interlayer spacing of $Ti_3C_2T_x$ sheets in MXene films showed excellent radionuclide selectivity ($Cs^+$ and/or $Sr^{2+}/Co^{2+}$) (Simon, 2017). Besides, the MXene films was not only able to be easily retrieved from an aqueous solution by filtration after decontamination processes, but also to selectively separate desired target radionuclides in the solutions. Therefore, the newly developed MXene ($Ti_3C_2T_x$) films has a great potential for radionuclide removal from aqueous solution.