• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.993-999
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• 2023

Let A be a G-graded commutative ring with identity and M a graded A-module. Let m, n be positive integers with m > n. A proper graded submodule L of M is said to be graded (m, n)-closed if a^m_g·x_t ∈ L implies that aⁿ_g·x_t ∈ L, where a_g ∈ h(A) and x_t ∈ h(M). The aim of this paper is to explore some basic properties of these class of submodules which are a generalization of graded (m, n)-closed ideals. Also, we investigate GC^m_n - rad property for graded submodules.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2018

There are many types of power facilities such as transformers, switches, and energy storage devices in the micro grid environment. However, with the development of IoT technology, opportunities to acquire sensor information such as temperature, pressure, and humidity are provided. In the existing micro grid environment, the communication protocols such as MMS transport protocol in IEC 61850 standard is applied in accordance with the integrated operation between the power facilities and the platform. Therefore, to accommodate IoT data, a gateway technology that can link IoT data to a data collection device (FEP) based on IEC 61850 is required. In this paper, we propose IEC 61850 based IoT gateway platform prototype for microgrid operating system linkage. The gateway platform consists of an IoT protocol interface module (MQTT, CoAP, AMQP) and database, IEC 61850 server. For databases, We used open source based NoSQL databases, Hbase and MongoDB, to store JSON data. We verified the interoperability between the IoT protocol and the IEC 61850 protocol using Sisco's MMS EASY Lite.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 1999

We have implemented the telecommunication management functions based on TMN (Telecommunications Management Network) architecture that is standardized by ISO/ITU-T. TMN has been developed to manage heterogeneous networks, services and equipment. In this paper, we first analyze the detailed functions of EMS (Element Management System) that performs core functions in the subnetwork management of TMN architecture. We propose an implementation method of EMS for efficient subnetwork management and verify its performance and functionality through detailed implementation and various testing. The proposed EMS consists of EML-Manager module and NML-Agent module. The EML-Manager module controls NEL (Network Element Layer) through the CMIP operations on the managed-objects. The NML-Agent module processes the requests from NMS (Network Management System) in upper layer. We have implemented NMS that performs only the NML-Manager function to test the proposed EMS, and we have used NE-Agent that was designed and implemented by the B-ISDN Lab. of Yeungnam University. The implemented EMS has three management functions: configuration management function, performance management function, and fault management function. We confirmed that the EMS operated normally as we tested the EMS. As further research works, the implementation of NMS with both NML-Manager function and SML-Agent function is required.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.86-95
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• 1996

Rotary disc ultrafiltration module(RDM) was developed for the separation of oil e$$\mu$sions. This module was devised to reduce the gel polarization phenomenon by decoupling the operation pressure and the surface velocity of solution in ultrafiltration(UF) processes. The rotary disc membrane consists of 3mm-thick ABS plate covered with UF membrane (UOP, U.S.A.). When the angular velocity($\omega$) was increased, the pure water flux was slightly decreased due to pressure drop caused by centrifugal force and slip flow at the surface of membrane. The pressure drop was proportional to the square of linear velocity(${\omega}r$). When the angular velocity was changed from 52.36rad/s to 2.62rad/s, the flux decline for 5% cutting oil in one-shaft RDM at $25^{\circ}C$ and 0.1MPa was 30.16%. In the lower concentrations, angular velocity tends to give less effect on the flux. Flux(J; $kg/m^{2} \cdot s$) in a rotating disc module is mainly a function of the bulk concentration($C_{B}$; %), the linear velocity(${\omega}r$; m/s) and the effective transmembrane pressure($\Delta P_{T}$ ; Pa). Using a modified resistance-in-series model, the flux data of cutting oil experiments were fitted to give the following equation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.743-753
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• 2012

The hydrologic models, capable of simulating groundwater recharge for long-term period and effects on it of crops management in the agricultural areas, have been used to compute groundwater recharge in the agricultural fields. Among these models, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been widely used because it could interpret hydrologic conditions for the long time considering effects of weather condition, land uses, and soil. However the SWAT model couldn't represent the spatial information of Hydrologic Response Unit (HRU), the SWAT HRU mapping module was developed in 2010. With this capability, it is possible to assume and analyze spatio-temporal groundwater recharge. In this study, groundwater recharge of rate for various crops in the Mandae stream watershed was estimated using SWAT HRU Mapping module, which can simulate spato-temporal recharge rate. As a result of this study, Coefficient of determination ($R^2$) and Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) for flow calibration were 0.80 and 0.72, respectively, and monthly groundwater recharge of Mandae watershed in Haean-myeon was 381.24 mm/year. It was 28% of total precipitation in 2009. Groundwater recharge rate was 73.54 mm/month and 73.58 mm/month for July and August 2009, which is approximately 18 times of groundwater recharge rate for December 2009. The groundwater recharges for each month through the year were varying. The groundwater recharge was smaller in the spring and winter seasons, relatively. So, it is necessary to enforce proper management of groundwater recharge during droughty season. Also, the SWAT HRU Mapping module could show the result of groundwater recharge as a GIS map and analyze spatio-temporal groundwater recharge. So, this method, proposed in this study, would be quite useful to make groundwater management plans at agriculture-dominant watershed.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.05
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• pp.315-319
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• 1996

We have developed a prototype patient monitoring system including module-based bedside units, interbed network, and central stations. A bedside unit consists of a color monitor and a main CPU unit with peripherals including a module controller. It can also include up to 3 module cases and 21 different modules. In addition to the 3-channel recorder module, six different physiological parameters of ECG, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, body temperature, and arterial pulse oximetry with plethysmogaph are provided as parameter modules. Modules and a module controller communicate with up to 1Mbps data rate through an intrabed network based on RS-485 and HDLC protocol. Bedside units can display up to 12 channels of waveforms with any related numeric informations simultaneously. At the same time, it communicates with other bedside units and central stations through interbed network based on 10Mbps Ethernet and TCP/IP protocol. Software far bedside units and central stations fully utilizes gaphical user interface techniques and all functions are controlled by a rotate/push button on bedside unit and a mouse on central station. The entire system satisfies the requirements of AAMI and ANSI standards in terms of electrical safety and performances. In order to accommodate more advanced data management capabilities such as 24-hour full disclosure, we are developing a relational database server dedicated to the patient monitoring system. We are also developing a clinical workstation with which physicians can review and examine the data from patients through various kinds of computer networks far diagnosis and report generation. Portable bedside units with LCD display and wired or wireless data communication capability will be developed in the near future. New parameter modules including cardiac output, capnograph, and other gas analysis functions will be added.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2018

The following research has focused and implemented on designing a system that classifies the severity of mass casualty situations across both normal and disaster levels. The system's algorithm has implemented requirements such as accuracy as well as user convenience. The developed e-Triage System has applied various severity classification algorithms implemented from IoT concepts. In order to overcome flaws of currently used severity classification systems, the e-Triage System used electronic elements including the NFC module. By using the mobile application's severity classification algorithm the system demonstrated quick and accurate assessment of patient. Four different LED lamps visualized the severity classification results and RTS scores were portrayed through FND(Flexible Numeric Display) after a two wave classification.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.309-310
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• 2018

Recently, the systems for managing the labs provide services that can be managed in real time by using various sensors based on IoT. The system collects sensor data and transmits it to the server, identifies the dangerous situation, and sends operation commands to the devices. These systems have a centralized structure that slows data processing when managing multiple laboratories. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a system that manages laboratories in distributed processing environment to identify and manage risk situations. The sensor module is used to control the laboratory and to automatically identify and respond to the dangerous situation.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.107-110
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• 2016

In this paper, an IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN 868/915 MHz ZigBee transceiver for IoT systems was designed and implemented. Non-coherent demodulation was exploited to satisfy ${\pm}80ppm$ frequency offset recommended in IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN. Variable bitrate was supported according to operation modes. SPI module was embedded to connect various MCUs. The designed Zigbee transceiver was described in Verilog HDL and it was synthesized and verified in $0.18{\mu}m$ process. Its gate count was about 32,000 gates.

• Healthcare Informatics Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.371-375
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• 2018

Objectives: To successfully introduce an Internet of Things (IoT) system in the hospital environment, this study aimed to identify issues that should be considered while implementing an IoT based on a user demand survey and practical experiences in implementing IoT environment monitoring systems. Methods: In a field test, two types of IoT monitoring systems (on-premises and cloud) were used in Department of Laboratory Medicine and tested for approximately 10 months from June 16, 2016 to April 30, 2017. Information was collected regarding the issues that arose during the implementation process. Results: A total of five issues were identified: sensing and measuring, transmission method, power supply, sensor module shape, and accessibility. Conclusions: It is expected that, with sufficient consideration of the various issues derived from this study, IoT monitoring systems can be applied to other areas, such as device interconnection, remote patient monitoring, and equipment/environmental monitoring.