• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2012

In this paper we introduce two new labelings called product antimagic labeling and total product antimagic labeling for directed graphs and show the existence of the same for Cayley digraphs of 2-generated 2-groups.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.78-88
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• 2005

Background: Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice is animal model of autoimmune disease known as rheumatic arthritis in human. We investigated CII-specific CD4+ T cell receptor usage in CIA mice. Methods: In CIA model, draining lymph node (dLN) CD4+ T cells and splenocytes at $3^{rd},\;5^{th},\;8^{th}$ week, we investigated CII-specific T cell proliferation, production of IL-17, IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-4 and IL-10. And we also performed anti-CII IgG Ab measurements in serum level, TCRV ${\beta}$ usage and T cell clonality with RT-PCR-SSCP analysis. Also, we performed proliferative response against CII when CII-specific T cell subset is deleted. Results: CIA mice showed more increase in the serum level of anti-CII IgG than normal mice after induction of arthritis. And the level of anti-CII IgG2a in CIA mice was increased after $3^{rd}$ week after primary immunization, while anti-CII IgG1 was decreased. Draining LN CD4+ T cells have proliferated against CII stimulation at $3^{rd}$ week after $1^{st}$immunization. CD4+T cells derived from dLN of CIA mice produced proinflammatory cytokine IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-17 etc. Draining LN CD4 T cells of CIA presented higher proportion of CD4+V ${\beta}3$+subset compared to those of normal mice at $3^{rd}$ week after $1^{st}$ immunization, and they were increased in proportion by CII stimulation. Draining LN CD4+ T cells without TCRV ${\beta}3+/V{\beta}8.1/8.2+/V{\beta}$10b+cells were not responsive against CII stimulation. But, CII-reactive response of TCRV ${\beta}3-/V{\beta}8.1/8.2-/V{\beta}$10b- T cells was recovered when $V{\beta}3+$ T cells were added in culture. Conclusion: Our results indicate that CD4+$V{\beta}3+$ T cells are selectively expanded in dLN of CIA mice, and their recovery upon CII re-stimulation in vitro, as well as the production Th1-type cytokines, may play pivotal role in CIA pathogenesis.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.269-279
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• 1980

A method for calulation of the magnetic moments for both octahedral and distorted octahedral $[V(III)A_3B_3]$ type complexes, all with $t^2_2$ configuration, has been developed [A and B = O, Cl, N, F or Br]. The calculated magnetic moments by this method are in reasonable agreements with the experimental values. The calculated magnetic moments for distorted octahedral $[V(III)A_3B_3]$/TEX> type complexes decrease as the extent of tetragonal distortion increases.The effects of k (orbital reduction faction factor), $\xi'$/TEX> and temperature on the magnetic moments are also investigated.A new method for calculation of the contribution of $^3T_1$ molecular orbitals to the dipole moment and polarizability has also developed. The calculated contribution of $^3T_1$ molecular orbitals falls in the reasonable range of values.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.339-345
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• 2008

We prove the existence of the positive solution for the nonlinear system of suspension bridge equations with Dirichlet boundary condition and periodic condition $$\{u_{tt}+u_{xxxx}+av^+=1+{\epsilon}_1h_1(x,t)\text{ in }(-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}){\times}R,\\v_{tt}+v_{xxxx}+bu^+=1+{\epsilon}_2h_2(x,t)\text{ in }(-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}){\times}R,$$ where $u^+={\max}\{u,0\},\;{\epsilon}_1,\;{\epsilon}_2$ are small numbers and $h_1(x,t)$, $h_2(x,t)$ are bounded, ${\pi}$-periodic in t and even in x and t and ${\parallel}h_1{\parallel}={\parallel}h_2{\parallel}=1$.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.90-104
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• 2001

최근까지 동물 또는 사람이 극저주파 전자기장에 평생 또는 여러 세대에 걸쳐 노출되었을 경우, 나타나는 생체영향에 관한 연구는 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는 마우스에 60Hz 전자파를 1세대부터 3세대까지 지속적으로 노출시켜 나타나는 영향을 실험하였다. 실험동물은 5주령인 BALB/c 마우스를 1주일간 적응시킨 후 사용하였다. 실험군은 5kV/m, 30kV/m, 0.5mT 그리고 1.5mT의 4개군으로 나누었으며, 대조군은 1군으로 실험하였다. 생후 6주부터는 위에서 정해진 양의 전자파를 20-22주간 지속적으로 실험동물에 조사하고 동일조건의 암수 마우스를 교미시켰으며, 임신 후에도 사망 또는 부검시까지 동일한 조건으로 계속 조사하였다. 2세대와 3세대는 임신적부터 사망 또는 부검시까지 동일한 조건으로 계속 조사하였다. 1, 2 그리고 3세대 마우스들은 질병에 의한 사망 직전 또는 생후 46주, 66주 그리고 생후 49주에 부검한 뒤, 혈액학적 및 생화학적 검사 그리고 조직병리학적 검사를 실시하였다. 2세대 태아에서는 조기사망(early fetal death), 성장기사망(late fetal death) 그리고 뇌노출(excencephaly) 및 선천성 심장기형을 포함하는 선천이상이 발견되었는데, 이는 대조군에 비해 2-4배 높았다. 1, 2세대에서는 생식기인 고환(testis)과 난소(ovary)의 무게가 감소하였으나 2세대에서는 아무런 변화를 보이지 않았다. 실험군인 30kV/m, 0.5mT 그리고 1.5mT 전 실험군인 30kV/m, 0.5mT 그리고 1.5mT 전자파에 노출된 1세대와 2세대 마우스에서는 프종(lymphoma), 선암종(adenocarcinoma), 기저상피세포증(basal cell epithelioma), 편평상 피두유종(squamous papilloma) 그리고 선종(adenoma) 등이 발견되었으나, 3세대에서는 발견되지 않았다. 60Hz 전자파는 태아 및 생식기에 영향을 미치고, 또한 종양을 유발할 가능성이 있다. 그러나 3세대는 전자파 환경에 점차 적응을 하는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 몇몇 국제기구에서 정하여 놓은 안전한계치의 전자파가 생체에 장기간 노출되었을 경우에 나타날 수 있는 생체영향을 확인하기 위해서는 많은 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2004

Different adhesives(CF-clear, arabic gum, cethylmethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxy propyl cellulose, methyl cellulose) and particulate matters(bentonite, kaolin, calcium carbonate, peatmoss, talcum, vermiculite, zeolite, calcium hydroxide, plaster, calcium phosphate, vermiculite + calcium carbonate, vermiculite + kaolin, vermiculite + talcum) were evaluated by coating index method. According to the weight of single coated seeds, CF-clear and polyvinyl alcohol appeared to be the best coating adhesives for red clover and tall fescue seeds. Both vermiculite and vermiculite + talc(l : 1) for red clover, and vermiculite + talc(l : 1) for tall fescue appeared to be the best particulate matter(P < 0.01). Percent friability showed excellent results for the arabic gum, CF-clear, and polyvinyl alcohol when compared to others(p < 0.01). The coating index showed high with vermiculite and vermiculite + talc(l : 1) in coating red clover seed, and talc, vermiculite, and vermiculite + talc showed good coating index in coating tall fescue seed.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.8
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• pp.13-21
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• 1988

For the improvement of productivity of Pleurotus ostreatus, the production of liquid spawn was studied. The highest liquid spawn production was obtained after shaking culture for 4 days in the culture medium containing 5%(W/V) wheat flour, 0.2%(W/V) yeast extract, 0.1%(W/V)$KNO_3$ 0.05% (W/V) $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, 0.05%(W/V) $KH_2PO_4$. The optimum pH and temperature was 7.0 ana $30^{\circ}C$. The period required to complete the mycelial growth after spawning were 28, 22, 10 and 9 days, respectively, when the 2%(V/V) of solid spawn and 2%(V/V), 5% (V/V) and 10%(V/V) of liquid spawn were inoculated. The days required from spawning to fruiting bodies were 38, 34, 28 and 27 days.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2000

A large scale field test of prefabricated vertical drains is performed to analyze the effect of parameters of the very soft clay at a test site. Compression index and the coefficient of horizontal consolidation obtained by back-analysis from the settlement data were compared with those obtained by means of laboratory tests. The Hyperbolic, Asaoka's and The Curve fitting methods are used to estimate final settlements and coefficients of consolidation. 1. Final settlement predicted with the Hyperbolic method was the largest, and the settlements predicted with the Asaoka's and the Curve fitting methods were nearly the same range, and it was concluded that smear effect has to be considered on design in the case that spacing of drains is small 2. The relationships of the measured consolidation ratio (Urn) and the designed consolidation ratio($U_t$) were showed as $U_m$ = (1.13~1.17)$U_t$, $U_m$ = (1.07~1.20)$U_t$, $U_m$ = (1.13~1.17)$U_t$ on the Hyperbolic, Asaoka's and the Curve fitting methods, respectively. The relations on the Asaoka's and the Curve fitting methods were nearly the same range. 3. The relationships of the field compression index($C_{cfield}$) and virgin compression index($V_{cclab}$) were showed as $C_{cfield}$ = (1.26~1.45)$V_{cclab}$, $C_{cfield}$ = (1.08~1.15) $V_{cclab}$, $C_{cfield}$ = (1.04~1.21)$V_{cclab}$, on the Hyperbolic, Asaoka's and the Curve fitting methods, respectively. 4. The ratio ($C_h/C_v$) of the coefficient of vertical consolidation and the coefficient of horizontal consolidation that is obtained by back-analysis from the settlement data was $C_h$=(0.7~0.9)$C_v$, $C_h$=(0.9~1.5)$C_v$, $C_h$=(2.4~3.0)$C_v$ on the Hyperbolic, Asaoka's and the Curve fitting methods, respectively. 5. It was concluded that the exact consolidation coefficient must be determined after the final settlement is predicted again when the consolidation is finished, because the field consolidation coefficient is decreased as the time allowed to be alone is increased.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 1993

Most of voltage operated $Ca^{2+}$ channels can be divided into three types (T-, N-, and L-type), according to the electrical and pharmacological properties. Their distribution is closely related to cell specific functions. Properties of the voltage activated $Ca^{2+}$ current in mouse eggs were examined to classify channel types and to deduce the function by using whole cell voltage clamp technique. $Ca^{2+}$ currents appeared below -40 mV and reached a maximum at -15 mV (half maximum was -31 mV), then decayed rapidly (inactivation time constant ${\tau}=28.2{\pm}9.59$ ms at -10 mV within 50 ms after the onset of step depolarization. Activation and inactivation of the $Ca^{2+}$ channel was steeply dependent on voltage, in a relatively low range of $-70\;mV{\sim}-10 mV,$ half maximum of activation was -31 mV and that of inactivation was -39 mV, respectively. This current was not decreased significantly by nifedipine, a specific dihydropyridine $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker in the range of $1\;{\mu}M\;to\;100{\mu}M.$ The inhibitory effect of $Ni^{2+}\;on\;Ca^{2+}$ current was greater than that of $Cd^{2+}.$ The conductance of $Ba^{2+}$ through the channel was equal to or lower than that of $Ca^{2+}$ These results implied that $Ca^{2+}$ current activated at a lower voltage in the mouse egg is carried via a $Ca^{2+}$ channel with similar properties that of the T-type channel.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.197-206
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• 2001

A stoichiometric mixture of evaporating materials for AgInS₂ single crystal thin films was prepared from horizontal electric furnace. To obtain the single crystal thin films. AgInS₂ mixed crystal was deposited on thoroughly etched semi-insulating GaAs(100) substrate by the Hot Wall Epitaxy(HWE)system. The source and substrate temperatures were 680℃ and 410℃, respectively. The crystalline structure of the single crystal thin films was investigated by the photoluminescence and double crystal X-ray diffraction(DCXD). The carrier density and mobility of AgInS₂ single crystal thin film mea-sured from Hall effect by van der Pauw method are 9.35×10/sup 16/㎤ and 294㎠/V·s at 293K respectively. The temperature dependence of the energy band gap of the AgInS₂ obtained from the absorption spectra was well described by the Varshni's relation , E/sub g/(T)=2.1365eV-(9.89×10/sup-3/eV/K/)T²(T+2930K). The crystal field and the spin-orbit splitting energies for the valence band of the AgInS₂ have been estimated to be 0.1541eV and 0.0129 eV, respectively, by means of the photocur-rent spectra and the Hopfield quasicubic model. These results indicate that the splitting of the Δso definitely exists in the Γ/sub 5/ states of the valence band of the AgInS₂ /GaAs epilayer. The three photo-current peaks ovserved at 10K are ascribed to the A₁-, B-₁and C₁-exction peaks for n=1.