• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.391-398
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine the polymorphism of transferrin exons 13, 15 and 16 by Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism(SSCP) analysis and to compare their genotypes of Cheju horse Group I (Cheju Institute), Cheju horse Group II (farms), and Thoroughbred (KRA). SSCP of transferrin exon 13, 15, and 16 showed two (A, B), three (A, B, C) and three (A, B, C) codominant alleles, respectively. The Group I and Thoroughbred showed the similar frequencies of allele A and B in transferrin exon 13, but only allele A was observed in Group Ⅱ. In transferrin exons 15 and 16, the frequencies of each allele were different in each Groups. The multiple allele frequencies in exons 15 and 16 suggested that the genotyping of this locus could be used to identify an individual and to test the parentage of offspring. The probability for parentage exclusion were 0.46 and 0.374 for exons 15 and 16 for Cheju horse Group I. Among the 13 combined genotypes of exons 13, 15 and 16, the genotype AA-AB-AB (0.372) is the most common in Cheju horse Group I, but genotype AA-AA-AA is common in the Cheju horse Group II (0.366) and Thoroughbred (0.767). The present study showed two new SNP, which was at the cDNA position 1626 (A/G) in B allele of the exon 13 and 2075 (C/T) in C allele of the exon 16 resulting in amino acid change (Threonine $\longrightarrow$ Methionine). Result showed that polymorphism of exons 13, 15 and 16 in Cheju horses was as high as in Thoroughbred and there was a differences of transferrin allele frequencies in Cheju horses.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 1979

In this paper, the noise pressure propagated in the air on account of the engine revolution of a stern trawler, Sae-Ba-Da(G. T. 2275.71) was measured at the check points No.1 through No.43 when the vessel was cruising, towing nets, and drifting. The experiment was carried out in the period from August 23 to October 22, 1978 at the locations of lat. $33^{\circ}$ 47'N, long. $127^{\circ}$ 34'E; lat. $34^{\circ}$ 24'N, long. $128^{\circ}$ 23'E; and lat. $6^{\circ}$ 01'N, long. $108^{\circ}$ 04'E. In case of cruising, noise on the weather deck came from funnel noise. The highest noise pressure was 92dB at observation point No.9 where tile noise pressure from main engine was 105dB when the engine was operated at 730rpm and $12^{\circ}$ sorely propeller pitch. The noise measured was reduced to 90dB at observation point No.9 when the screw propeller pitch was changed to $8^{\circ}$ that resulted in reduction of engine to 103dB. In case of towing net, the main engine revolution and screw propeller pitch was fixed at 730rpm and $8^{\circ}$ respectively. But the engine noise pressure was increased up to 106dB due to the towing resistance by 14 tons of the nets, and the noise pressure was 90dB at No.9 point. A hight noise was also generated from screw because of the towing reoistance and could be measurable even in the wall of the insulated freezing room. When the vessel was drifting: the noise pressure from the generator operated, at 720rpm was 100dB. This caused 87dB noise pressure at No.9 point. The noise pressure in the boarding or residence sections was 45 to 60dB in each case of cruisinrg towing net or drifting but it was so high as 82dB on the open deck that voice could hardly be heap.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

Object of this research is to estimate the effect of myopia correction and safety on reverse geometry contact lens fitting in school children. This research include 53(106eyes) schoolchildren among 7 to 18 years who has low to moderate myopia(-1.00D~-5.00D) and prescribed reverse geometry contact lens for purpose on orthokeratology between January to July 2004 and had 3months full follow up examination. They were tested for slit lamp examinations, BUT(Break up time), direct ophthalmoscopy, retinoscopy, uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, autorefraction, autokeratometry and corneal topography in each examination(1day, 1week, 2weeks, 1, 2, and 3months) of before-and-after lens wearing to find out the effect of myopic correction and side effect. The results came out as follow. The average of uncorrected visual acuity was $0.0938{\pm}0.378$ before lens wear and $0.3136{\pm}0.283$ after 1day lens wear, and there was fast improvement after 1week($0.7925{\pm}0.301$) and little improvement after 2weeks period but still they shows better uncorrected visual acuity(p<0.01). The result of this study, the reverse geometry lens is very useful to correct refractive error and control the progression of myopia temporally among low to moderate myopic patient. The side effects were relatively rare but further study should be necessary with long term lens wear effect on eye health. For the lens prescription, the clinical fitting process had higher rate of success with consideration of eccentricity and corneal topography.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.404-412
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• 1994

Radium isotopes were measured together with oceanographical parameters in the southern coastal region of the Korean East Sea during the period of September $2{\sim}8$, 1991. In September, there were various water masses vertically distributed in this region due to formation of strongly seasonal thermoclines. These water masses were characterized by activity of radium isotopes as well as water temperature and dissolved oxygen. Among the water masses, Japan Sea Proper Water(JSPW) below $1^{\circ}C$ had the highest Ra-226 activities but the lowest Ra-228 concentrations. However, Tsushima Surface Water (TSW) above $20^{\circ}C$ in water temperature had the highest Ra-228 which decreased sharply with depth. In TSW, Ra-228 activities were in the range of $194{\sim}270$ dpm/kl, which were approximately 10 times higher than JSPW. Activity ratios(A.R's) of Ra-228/Ra-226 were $1.9{\sim}2.6$ for TSW, $0.7{\sim}1.1$ for Tsushima Middle Water(TMW) of $12{\sim}17^{\circ}C\;to\;0.4{\sim}0.7$ for North Korea Cold Water(NKCW) with $1{\sim}7^{\circ}C$ and below 0.2 for JSPW. The Ra-228/Ra-226 ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 in the cold waters of $2{\sim}6^{\circ}C$, which were observed at depth of $65{\sim}120\;m$ in this study area. Radium isotopes provided a useful means of identifying origins of the cold water which occurred annually at intermediate or bottom layers in the southern coastal zone of the Korean East Sea. By plotting radium isotopes against water temperature, it could be observed clearly that the cold waters between $2{\sim}6^{\circ}C$ did not originate from the mixed water of JSPW and TMW but from NKCW.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to understand preliminary education. level of understanding and the degrees of educational requirement for cancer patients on radiotherapy and to present the preliminary data to development of effective and practical patients treatment programs. Based on the abovementioned results of this study. Relationship betweendegrees of knowledge and demand for educational requirement for patients who are undertaking radiotherapy could be varied with different factors such as educational background, ages, regions of treatment, experience of symptoms. In general, patients do not have enough information, on the other hand, have very high demand for educational requirement. Customized education patients by patients would not be possible in reality. However, if we could provide standard for patients and establish systematic sessions during treatment based on this study, more and better patients satisfaction and results of treatments could be achieved.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.182-186
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• 2000

Purpose : To determine treatment or이ecol for inoperable esophageal cancer patients, 껜e evaluated survival rate and prognostic factors. Materials and Methods : We evaluated esophageal cancer treated by curative or palliative am in KCCH from 1992 to 1996, retrospectively. Recurrent or underdose case below 40 Gy were excluded. The number of male and female were 35 and 5, respectively. Thirty-eight patients were squamous carcinoma and 2 patients were not biopsy proven. Ten patients were treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy Median dose of radiation therapy was 59.4 Gy and the range was $40\~60$ Gy. Results : The median survival is 6.5 months and 1-year survival rate was $28.3\%$. Age, location, radiation dose and chemotherapy were not significant prognostic factors. Median survivals of patients with below stage III and over stage IVA were 7.6 and 6.2 months respectively, but it is not significant. Conclusions : The survival for esophageal cancer is very poor. For patients with curative aim, chemotherapy must be considered. For patients with palliative aim, short-term external beam radiation therapy and/or brachytherapy must be considered.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2007

Targeting dental hygienists who work in clinical division and public dental health division, this study was to investigate and analyze their working environment by work division, so that it could make basic material available in the interest of efficiently employing technical manpower specializing in public health and their better work environment in the future. 1. In terms of the sociodemographic characteristics of respondents, it was found that employees in public health were married in higher percentage and had higher age with longer career than those in clinical division, and it was noted that the former group had higher percentage in longer academic career than the latter group. 2. In terms of working days and hours, it was found that dental hygienists employed in public health worked 5 days a week(95.8%), while those in clinical division worked 6 days a week(70.3%). That is, the latter group worked longer days a week than the former group. 3. In terms of annual regular holidays, it was found that dental hygienists in public health division mostly took 11 to 20 days off a year, while those in clinical division mostly took 1 to 3 days off a year. That is, the former group is significant different in annual holidays from the latter group. 4. In terms of pay and allowances, it was found that most of public health group(89.4%) got monthly pay, while most of clinical group(65.4%) got the pay in annual salary. 5. In terms of reorientation experiences, it was found that 63.5% of total respondents didn't have any opportunity of domestic and overseas reorientation. And in terms of financial sponsorship for reorientation, it was noted that 54.0% of total respondents were financially supported for their reorientation by the institution they work for. 6. In terms of in-house welfare environment for married employees, it was found that 85.5% respondents ever faced no discrimination in job opportunities. In terms of the availability of maternity leave, it was noted that 69.2% respondents used the maternity leave, and 74.8% respondents used the maternity leave during 3 months. 7. In terms of quitting job, it was found that 46.8% respondents had ever left their job(public health group: 53.8%, clinical group: 45.8%), while the remaining 53.2% respondents(public health group: 46.2%, clinical group: 54.2%) had never left their job. Here, it is found that the employees in public health accounted for somewhat higher percentage in quitting job than those in clinical division. In terms of the number of leaving job, it was noted that most(50.8%) respondents left their job once, and there were similar distributions in quitting job between these both groups. In terms of the reason for quitting job, it was found that 29.2% respondents left their job due to desire for better pay(allowance) and working conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.612-617
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• 2008

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) analogues were first determined from the liver extracts of puffer fish, Takifugu niphobles, by LC/MS with Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC). In total, 7 TTX analogues were detected within 20 minutes as follows; 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX (34.0%, 1,029.6 nmol/g), 6,11-dideoxyTTX (29.3%, 887.6 nmol/g), TTX (22.1%, 667.8 nmol/g), 4,9-anhydro-TTX (11.2%, 339.3 nmol/g), 11-deoxyTTX＋5-deoxyTTX (2.6%, 78.6 nmol/g), and 4-epiTTX (0.8%, 23.6 nmol/g). Mouse toxicity of diluted liver extracts showed the highest toxicity at pH 3 (8.7 MU/mL) and decreased, as increasing pH, to 1.4 MU/mL at pH 10. At acidic (pH 5) and neutral conditions (pH 7), mouse toxicity of liver extracts (79 MU/mL) decreased slowly, as increasing temperature from $80^{\circ}C$ to $115^{\circ}C$, and time until 1 hour; in contrast, at the akaline condition (pH 9), the toxicity decreased rapidly to the more than half within 10 minutes. Individual toxicity of the fillet of T. niphobles were between $43.2{\sim}106.7$ MU, and $64{\sim}78%$ of its toxicity was eluted to soup when boiled with 3 volumes of water during 10 minutes.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 1999

The home nursing care system is an integral part of the health care delivery system in order to meet the various needs of consummer, in particular, early discharge patient from the hospital, patient with long term care needed and the elderly. To find out the cost of home nursing care services, the home nursing care records of patients registered by home nursing care units established in public hospital with 150beds during the period of 1996 - 1997 were analyzed. The subjects were 102patients, 45 of male patients and 57 of female patients, those who live in a rural area in Kymiggi - Do The results obtained are as follows : 1. The male patients accounted for 44.1% of the total, with 45cases : group aged 60 years and more was the largest group, accounting for 79.5%. 2. The most frequent disease revealed was the osteoporosis which constitute 35.3% of the total registered patients, followed, in order, by malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease. 3. It revealed that the cost per visit for the male was 47,764won ; the female, 46,078 won per visit. Noteworthy the cost per visit was high in the older patient. It was clearly that the gender, years of age and the cost per visit were statistically significant at 0.01 level and 0.05 level. 4. The cost per visit for the non complicated disease was slightly higher than the complicated disease, but it is not statistically significant, the cost per visit by type of disease varied, the cost per visit for COPD was the highest, followed, in order, by in malignant tumor, cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis etc. 5. It revealed that home nursing care cost for a eligible disease for home nursing care was less than the cost for hospitalization of the same disease, therefore, we expect that the home nursing care is cost efficiency. In conclusion, the home nursing care costs are needed to analyze further in comparison with the hospitalization costs for a certain disease.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.172-173
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• 1989

본 연구는 전국의 보건진료원이 하는 업무를 분석하여 우리나라 보건진료원 제도 정착에 도움을 주는 기초자료를 제공하는 연구의 일환으로 강원도 지역에서 실시하였다. 연구대상은 강원도에 있는 보건진료원 전수로 하였고 이중 응답자수는 108명이었다. 연구도구는 문헌과 간호교육자들에 의해 작성 된 구조화된 설문지를 사용하였으며 수집된 자료는 SPSS를 이용하여 빈도, 백분율, 평균 및 피어슨 상관계수를 구하였고 유의성 검정을 위해서 t-test, ANOVA의 통계방법을 사용하였다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 1) 조사대상자인 보건진료원의 평균 연령이 31.5세이며 과반수의 보건진료원이 30세 미만 이었고 기혼자가 마혼자보다 약간 많았다. 보건진료원의 반수 이상이 현재 가족과 동거하고 있었고 학력은 3년제 간호전문대학 졸업자가, 경력은 3년 미만인 사람이 대부분이었으며 종교를 가진 사람이 대부분 이었으며 종교를 가진 사람이 안가진 사람보다 더 많았다. 또한 보건진료원의 근무지역 조건은 대부분이 을지에서 근무하고 있었고 대부분의 보건진료원이 신축된 보건진료소 시설에서 업무를 수행하고 보건진료소 내의 숙소에서 거주하는 것으로 냐타났다. 2) 보건진료원이 담당하는 평균 주민수는 1,660.8명 이었으며 과반수 정도의 보건진료원이 $501\sim1,000$명이 이상적인 적정 담당 주민수라고 생각하고 있었다. 강원도 주민의 연평균 보건진료소 이용자수는 4,099.3명 이었고 이용 주민수가 5,000명 이상인 보건진료소도 11개소 12.9 %나 되었다. 3) 보건진료소 사업대상지역 내에 있는 보건 의료기관은 약방 및 약종상이 62.1 %로 가장 많이 분포되어 있었고 보건지소도 16 %나 사업대상지역 내에 함께 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지역주민의 보건의료기관 이용은 보건진료소가 59.0 % 로 지역주민이 가장 많이 이용하고 있었고 보건 진료원이 가장 많이 이용하는 의뢰기관은 뱅 의원이 66 %, 보건소가 36.4 %로 나타났다. 또한 보건진료소의 보건의료기관과의 협조관계는 보건소와는 과반수 정도가 잘 협조하고 있다고 응답 한 반면 보건지소와 잘 협조하고 있다고 응답한 율은 37.6 % 밖에 안되었다. 4) 보건진료원이 업무영역 수행 정도를 살펴 보면 5점 만점에 통상질환관리가 3.69점, 사업 운영 관리 및 지도는 3.45점, 모자보건 및 가족계획은 3.28 점, 지역사회 조직 및 개발은 3.27 점, 보건정보체계 개발 및 수집은 3.17 점, 사업 계획 수립은 3.14 점, 지역사회 보건관리는 3.13 점의 순으로 나타났다. 보건진료원의 업무영역을 l 일 8 시간으로 하여 l 주 44 시간을 기준으로 측정하면 통상질환관리 18.56시간, 지역사회 보건관리 5.67 시간, 모자보건 및 가족계획 5.52 시간, 사업 운영관리 및 지도 4.10시간, 지역사회 조직 및 개발 3.05 시간, 보건정보체계 개발 및 수집 2.94 시간, 사업계획 수립 2.89시간의 순으로 나타났다. 5) 보건진료원의 업무영역별 수행 소요시간의 상판판계를 살펴보면 지역사펴 조직 및 개발을 위 해 소요한 시간은 사엽계획 수립 소요시간 및 보건정 보체계 관리 소요시간과 순상관관계를, 사업 계획 수립 소요시간은 지역사회 보건관리, 모자보건 및 가족계획 관리 소요시간 및 보건정보체제 관리 소요시간과 순상관관계를 나타냈다. 또한 통상질환관리 소요시간은 지역 사회 조직 및 개발, 사업계획 수립, 지역사회 보건관리와 모자보건 및 가족계획 관리, 사업운영 관리 및 지도, 보건정보체계 관리 소요시간과 역상관관계를 나타내었다. 6) 보건진료원의 총 업무수행 정도를 잘펴보면 업무수행 점수의 평균은 87.5점이었으며 보건진료원의 근무지가 병지이고 보건진료소의 시설상태가 나쁜 경우 업무수행 점수가 높은 것으로 나타났으며 업무수행 정도와는 별 차이가 없었다.