• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.220-228
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• 1998

The effects of herbal medicine on travecular bone area were studied using ovariectomized rat as an animal model of Type I osteoporosis and SAM P6 as that of Type II. We counted red blood cells(RBC), hemoglobin(Hb), and hematocrit(Hct) using Couter`sR method. Each traditional boiling water extract of Achyrathis Radix, Psoraleae Fructus, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, and Cornii Fructus and a systemic water extract of Astragali Ractiex was given 5g/kg/day, p.o., for 30 days in a group of 4-5 ovariectormized rats. One ml of blood was taken by tail vein at day 0, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days after administration of the extract. The traditional hot water extract of Cervi parvumn Corni (Cervi) was given the same dose as described above for 14 days in a group of 10 SAM P6 mice and systemic water extract of Astragali Radix was administered as the same dose as above for 30 days in 10 SAM P6 mice. Travecular bone area was measured 5 mcm decalcified and stained thin bone slice by image analysis using a digitalizer. In Type I, ovariectomized rats, administration of Astragali Radix, Rhemanniae Radix Preparat, and Corni Fructus decreased in RBC, Hb and Hct. In Type II, administration of Cervi increased in RBC and Hct and that of Astragali Radix was also elevated RBC. In Type I, any administration of herbal medicine used in this study did not elevate travecular bone area significantly except Corni Fructus showed a trend of increase in travecular bone area. However, Type II, Cervi and Astragali Radix increased in both mean and total travecular bone area. Thus, there are significant difference in response of herbal medicine in different types of osteoporosis.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2009

An infectious full-length clone of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) strain G5H was constructed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. The cloned SMV G5H established infections upon simple rub-inoculation of soybean leaves with intact plasmid DNA. We demonstrated that this SMV G5H infectious DNA clone caused typical characteristic symptoms and virulence of SMV strain G5H in twelve tested soybean cultivars. Soybean cultivars Lee74, Somyungkong and Sowonkong developed systemic mosaic symptom while Kwanggyo, Taekwangkong, Hwangkeumkong and Geumjeongkong-l showed systemic necrosis. In contrast, Geumjeongkong-2, Jinpumkong-2, L29, V94-5152 and Ogden showed resistant response against SMV-G5H infection. We also determined full-length sequence of cloned SMV-G5H. The phyogenetic analyses reveal that SMV-G5H is most closely related to SMV-G5, and support that SMV-G5H might be derived from SMV-G5 by recombination rather than mutation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 1992

A 16 years old girl with systemic lupus erythematosus had a high fever for 20 days. Skin and renal biopsy showed diffuse granular deposits (IgG, IgM, $C_3$, $C_{1q}$ at dermo-epideral junction and IgG, IgA, IgM, $C_3$, $C_{1q}$, fibrinogen in the renal mesangium and segmentally along the capillary walls) which were compatable with systemic lupus erythematosus. The chest X-ray revealed patchy mottled densities in whole lung field when she complained more dyspnea at 9th hospital days. Even with the parenteral administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the symptoms of high fever, cough, tachydyspnea and hypoxia were continued. At 24th hospital day, the clinical course was rapidly deteriorated after sudden loss of consciousness with focal seizure which suggested CNS involvement during hydrocortisone administration for 10 days. She died of respiratory failure despite the mechanical ventilatory support with PEEP. The limited necropsy showed interstitial pneumonia, alveolar hemorrhage and occlusive necrotizing vasculitis of acute lupus pneumonitis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2020

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is the most common ocular disease in cattle, manifesting as corneal opacity, corneal ulcerations and potentially vision loss. The present report describes a 10-month-old Holstein Friesian heifer with IBK treated by systemic tulathromycin, and subconjunctival injection of penicillin and dexamethasone. We investigated changes in the hematological indices and microorganisms related to IBK after treatment. Neutrophils and monocytes decreased during recovery, so it was assumed that these two types of white cells are associated with IBK. Moraxella bovoculi was cleared in the eye, nasal cavity, and oral cavity after treatment. The distribution of M. bovoculi before treatment indicated that a combined systemic and subconjunctival treatment was necessary. The lesioned eye was found to be overwhelmed by Mycoplasma bovoculi, while pathogen abundance was reduced in the nasal cavity and oral cavities. These results suggest that antibiotic treatment can alter the composition and relative abundance of microorganisms.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2023

Purpose - The pandemic has magnified and deepened existing socioeconomic disparities, including healthcare, education, income, gender, and housing. This study aims to examine the intersectionality of these disparities and their implications for promoting equity and justice. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is a comprehensive review of the literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on socioeconomic disparities. The review includes empirical studies, policy reports, and academic articles on healthcare, education, income, gender, and housing disparities. Result - The pandemic has exposed significant disparities in healthcare, education, income, gender, and housing. Healthcare disparities have been highlighted, and there is a need for more equitable access to care and addressing social determinants of health. Educational and income disparities are closely linked, perpetuating cycles of poverty and inequality. Gender disparities have been exacerbated, with women experiencing disproportionate impacts on their health, well-being, and economic security. The pandemic has highlighted the need for safe, stable, and affordable housing. Conclusion - The pandemic has brought to light numerous socioeconomic disparities that require systemic change to address. Promoting equity and justice requires a comprehensive, long-term approach that addresses systemic factors and promotes social and economic equity. By taking action to address these issues, we can create a more just and equitable society that promotes the health and well-being of all its members.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.326-334
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• 2020

Background: In this study, we sought to evaluate whether systemic propentofylline (PPF) has antiallodynic effects in a rat model of postoperative pain, and to assess the mechanism involved. Methods: After plantar incision, rats were intraperitoneally injected with various doses of PPF to evaluate its antiallodynic effect. To investigate the involved mechanism, rats were intraperitoneally injected with yohimbine, dexmedetomidine, prazosin, naloxone, atropine or mecamylamine, following the incision of the rat hind paws, and then PPF was administered intraperitoneally. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) was evaluated using von Frey filaments at various time points and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were measured to determine the inflammatory response level. Results: MWT was significantly increased after intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg of PPF when compared with the control group. Injection of PPF and yohimbine, atropine or mecamylamine showed significant decreases in the MWT, while injection of PPF and dexmedetomidine showed a significant increase. Systemic administration of PPF inhibited the post-incisional increase in serum level of TNF-α and IL-1β. Conclusions: Systemic administration of PPF following surgery presented antiallodynic effects in a rat model of postoperative pain. The antiallodynic effects against mechanical allodynia could be mediated by α-adrenergic and cholinergic receptors.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.465-469
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• 2004

Exudative pleural effusion can arise from pneumonia, tuberculosis, cancer, etc. Early drainage is needed for prevention of complications such as pleural fibrosis, thickening, bronchopleural fistulae and decline of lung function. Intrapleural Instillation of fibrinolytic enzymes has been used for 50years as an adjunct in the removal of fibrous material, hematoma and pus from the thoracic cavity. By the local fibrinolytic effect on fibrinous exudates within the pleural space, fibrinolytic agent has improved results of chest tube or pig tail drainage. But there were no controlled randomized studies, so significant controversy exists concerning the efficacy of this therpy, especially tuberculous pleurisy. Furthermore about complication, severe spontaneous bleeding has not been reported with intrapleural urokinase. Intrapleural fibrinolytic enzymes has shows no systemic complication. When it is administrated intravenously, not into intrpleural space, major bleeding is reported about 1-3% of patient, especially they had systemic disease, such as coagulation abnormalities. This case report presents a patient who suffered major hemothorax induced hypovolemic shock following the administration of 100,000 units of urokinase intrapleurally. He was 25-year old male with tuberculosis pleurisy without systemic illness demonstraion.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2018

Currently, injuries to customers due to health functional foods are annually increasing. To evaluate the antigenicity of Korean red ginseng mixture (KRGM), we tested for systemic anaphylactic shock and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in guinea pigs. Based on a comparison of measured body weights, there were no changes in body weight for the KRGM treatment group compared with the control group. In the ovalbumin treated group, however, there was a statistically significant decrease in body weight. For the active systemic anaphylaxis test, after the induction, there were no symptoms that suggested anaphylactic shock in the control and KRGM treatment group. In the ovalbumin treated group, there were symptoms that suggested severe anaphylaxis, and those symptoms included restlessness, piloerection, tremor, rubbing or licking the nose, sneezing, coughing, hyperpnea, dyspnea, staggering gait, jumping, gasping and writhing, convulsion, side position and Cheyne-stokes respiration. All animals died within thirty minutes in the ovalbumin treated group. For the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test in guinea pigs sensitized to KRGM, each anti-serum was diluted in a stepwise manner. This was followed by an intravenous injection of a mixture of KRGM and Evans blue. The results of the test showed that all the responses were negative in the control and the low-dose and high-dose administration groups. However, in the ovalbumin treated group, all the responses were positive. Based on the above results, there were no anaphylactic responses for up to 12 times the amount of human intake of KRGM in Hartley Guinea-pigs. The results suggest that KRGM is safe as measured by the systemic and local antigenicity in guinea pigs.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.264-270
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• 2013

Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide which act as an insect neurotoxin. It used for control of pest such as aphids and other sucking insects in fruits and vegetables. Systemic pesticides move inside a crop following absorption by the plant, and these were converted into a variety of metabolites. Sometimes these metabolites make a problem about safety of agricultural products. So a simultaneous determination method of pesticide and its metabolites is needed, to monitor their presence in agricultural product and study on the fate of pesticide in a plant. This study's aim is to investigate simultaneous analysis method of imidacloprid and its metabolites, imidacloprid guanidine, imidacloprid olefin, imidacloprid urea, and 6-chloronicotinic acid in red pepper using QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS systems. QuEChERS method was modifed beacuase $MgSO_4$ salts decreased the recoveries of 6-chloronicotinic acid in extraction procedure. Imidacloprid and its metabolites were extracted by acetonitrile with 1% glacial acetic acid and the extracts were purified through QuEChERS with primary secondary amine (PSA) and $C_{18}$ and analyzed with LC-MS/MS in ESI positive mode. Standard calibration curves were made by matrix matched standards and their correlation coefficients were higher than 0.999. Recovery studies were carried out on spiked pepper blank sample at four concentration levels (0.01, 0.04 and 0.1, 0.4 mg/kg). The average recoveries of imidacloprid and its metabolites were in the range of 70~120% with < 20% RSD. This result indicated that the method using QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS was suitable for the simultaneous determination of imidacloprid and its metabolites in red pepper.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.207-213
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• 2014

Purpose: The study was aimed at investigating changes in periodontal parameters and superoxide dismutase activity triggered by root surface debridement with and without micronutrient supplementation in postmenopausal women. Methods: Forty-three postmenopausal chronic periodontitis patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=22) were provided periodontal treatment in the form of scaling and root planing (SRP) and group 2 (n=21) patients received SRP along with systemic administration of micronutrient antioxidants. Patients in both groups were subjected to root surface debridement. Group 2 patients also received adjunctive micronutrient antioxidant supplementation. Serum and salivary superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity along with periodontal parameters were recorded at baseline and 3 months after therapy. Results: Salivary and serum SOD values significantly (P<0.05) improved with periodontal treatment. Improvement in systemic enzymatic antioxidant status along with reduction in gingival inflammation and bleeding on probing (%) sites was significantly greater in group 2 as compared to group 1. Conclusions: Adjunctive micronutrient supplements reduce periodontal inflammation and improve the status of systemic enzymatic antioxidants in postmenopausal women.