• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate of dental plaque, calculus and gingival inflammation in Beagle dogs. Forty adults Beagle dogs (28 male and 12 female) were used in this study. The dogs weighed 9.5 kg and were in good oral and systemic health as determined by physical examination, and all dogs had full and normal dentition. The dogs were given a commercial pellet feed during 2 years period. For all examination procedures, the dogs were premedicated with a subcutaneous injection of atropine sulfate (0.04 mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced and maintained by intravenous administration of ketamine (8 mg/kg) and xylazine (2 mg/kg). Dental plaque, calculus and gingival inflammation were assessed by Logan and Boyce clinical plaque index. Calculi covering the maxillary carnassial and first molar teeth were extensive and were accompanied by severe gingival inflammation and pocket formation. Calculi, accompanied by gingival inflammation, were clearly evident on buccal surfaces of other teeth. Calculi didn't showed on the lingual surfaces, but linguogingival inflammation formed in premolar teeth. Although the general pattern was clear, there was considerable variation among dogs in the rate of deposition of calculus and extend of gingival inflammation. This investigation suggest that feeding of the commercial dry food without dental hygiene increase plaque accumulation and may be a contributing factor in calculi formation and periodontal disease.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2008

막성 신병증은 성인에 비해 소아에서는 드문 신병증으로 감염, 자가면역, 종양에 의한 이차성 신병증이 알려져 있다. 그 중에서도 엡스타인-바 바이러스 감염과의 관련은 잘 알려지지 않아, 최근 1개 보고에서 면역기능이 저하된 2례를 소개한 바 있을 뿐이다. 이에 저자들은 면역기능이 정상으로 보이는 소아에서 엡스타인-바 바이러스 감염과 관련한 막성 신병증 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.982-992
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• 2005

Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely used for the treatment of many functional disorders such as substance abuse and mental dysfunction. Clinical trials are currently underway to determine the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of drug addiction. Yet, there are still many unanswered questions about the basic mechanism of acupuncture. Studies have shown that both the psychomotor stimulant effects and rewarding properties of addictive drugs, including morphine, are sensitized by repeated drug administration and raised the possibility that both of these effects may De linked to the same or closely overlapping the mesolimbic dopamine systems. Neiguan (PC6) point on the pericardium channel which is associated with the brain and its mental function, has been used to treat mental, psychosomatic disorders and gastroenterological disorders. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of acupuncture on repeated morphine-induced changes in extracellular dopamine levels using in vivo microdialysis and to measure the effect of acupuncture on repeated morphine-induced behavioral changes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated twice a day for three days with increasing doses of morphine (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, s.c.) or with saline. After 15 days of withdrawal, rats were challenged with morphine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, s.c.). Acupuncture was applied at bilateral Neiguan (PC6) points for 1min after the morphine challenge. Results showed that acupuncture at the specific acupoint PC6, but not at control points (tail and HE8) significantly decreased both dopamine release, behavior induced by a systemic morphine challenge or a single s.c. morphine injection in the morphine-repeated animals. These results suggest that reduction in sensitization may be one mechanism whereby acupuncture alleviates morphine craving in addicts. Moreover, in a more general sense these results suggest that acupuncture can be used as a therapeutic intervention for correcting reversible malfunction of the body by direction of brain pathway and thus acupuncture can contribute to the biochemical balance in the central nervous system by regulating neurotransmitters.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.423-434
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• 1986

The role of macrophages in the resistance of ICR mice to Candida albicans and Salmonella typhimurium was assessed using silica, agent which selectively inactivates macrophages or poly-2-vinylpyridine-N-oxide(PVNO), a lysosomal stabilizing agent. In addition, effect of silica on humoral and cellular immune responses to sheep red blood cells(SRBC) or polyvinylpyroridone(PVP) was examind. Colonyforming units(CFU) of C. albicans or S. typhimurium in the spleen, livers and kidneys of silica-treated or diluent-treated mice were enumerated at various times after infection. Silica was given i. v. to mice at 4 days or 1 day before infection. Although there was no apparent differences in the number of CFU of C. albicans cultured from the spleens or livers of silica-treated and control mice at every assay period, significant differences in the number of CFU of C. albicans in the kidneys of silica-treated and control mice. Namely, silica given to mice 1 day before infection significantly increased the number of CFU of C. albicans in the kidneys at 2, 4 and 6 days after infection, but did not change the number of CFU at 8 days after infection. Silica given to mice at 4 days before infection significantly increased the number CFU in the kidneys at 2 and 4 days after infection, but rather decreased the number of CFU at 8 days after infection. The number of CFU of C. albians cultured from the kidneys of splenectomized which were experimentally infected mice was similar to the number recovered from sham-operated mice at 4 and 8 days postinfection irrespective of time of infection relative to operation. The pretreatment of mice with PVNO appeared to abrogate the silica-induced susceptibility of mice to C. albicans. PVNO alone showed somewhat protective effect against challenge with C. albicans. In contrast, silica treatment did not alter the number of CFU of S. typhimurium recovered from the spleens and kidneys of mice. The administration of silica to mice at 4 days or 1 day before SRBC immunization significantly suppressed delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH) reactions to SRBC and antibody production to SRBC, a thymus-dependent antigen and PVP, a thymus-independent antigen. These results provide evidence that macrophages play an important role in susceptibility to Candida infection and strongly demonstrated that macrophages play an essential role in the induction of immune responses in mice.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.37-56
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological outcomes following the use of 30% minocycline-loaded polycaprolacton film and 2% minocycline-loaded gel that was applied locally into pockets combined with scaling and root planing. 25 human subjects who were non-pregnant, non-lactating, aged 20-50 and diagnosed as moderate to advanced adult periodontitis were enrolled. Subjects were excluded if they had a history of severe acute or chronic systemic disease, if they required antibiotic prophylaxis for dental treatment for any reason, or if they reported a history suggestive of hypersensitivity reactions to minocycline or tetracycline. 4quadrants that had several teeth with a 5-8mm probing pocket depth and radiographic evidence of alveolar bone loss for each patient were selected and divided into test sites and control sites according to the split-mouth design. Scaling and root planing was done for each site at baseline(0week). Test sites received the minocycline gel and strip and control sites had saline irrigation. The patients received both treatments simyltaneously. Subgingival irrigation of sterile saline was applied to the control sites for approximately 30 seconds. Minocycline strip and gel was applied into the periodontal pocket at 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks each after scaling and root planing in the test sites. The clinical and microbiological measurements were made at baseline and at the follow-up visits 6, 10, 14, 20 weeks. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The sulcular bleeding index, probing pocket depth and Periocheck test was significantly reduced and the relative proportions of spirochetes and motile rods were significantly reduced and the proportion of cocci was correspondingly increased, in locally delivered minocycline strip group compared to saline irrigation group. 2. In locally delivered minocycline gel group, The effect was the same with minocycline strip group as compared with saline irrigation therapy. 3. There was no significant differences between minocycline strip group and minocycline gelgroup. In conclusion, minocycline HCl local drug delivery combined with scaling and root planing may provide added improvement of clinical and microbiological responses by inhibiting bacterial recolonization of treated sites. It is suggested that the local administration of minocycline-HCl in the periodontal pocket is effective when combined with subgingival mechanical debridement.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.213-219
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• 1993

수술후 통증관리에 있어서 경막외 buprenorphine의 유용성을 알아보기 위하여 상복부 수술을 받은 환자에 있어서 morphine 2 mg 및 4 mg, buprenorphine 0.15 mg, 및 0.3 mg을 경막외로 각각 투여하여 혈압과 맥박의 변화, 작용발현기간, 작용 지속 시간, 부작용의 발생을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 모든 군에서 혈압 및 맥박의 유의한 변동은 초래하지 않았다. 2) 작용 발현은 morphine 2 mg군에서는 약물 주입후 30분에, 나머지 군에서는 15분에 유의하게 나타났다. 3) 진통 지속 시간은 morphine 2 mg 군에서는 $10.79{\pm}3.64$시간이었고, morphine 4 mg군에서는 $21.13{\pm}4.36$시간, buprenorphine 0.15 mg군에서는 $15.19{\pm}3.12$시간, buprenorphine 0.3 mg군에서는 $33.94{\pm}3.97$시간이었다. 4) 부작용의 발생은 buprenorphine군에서 오심, 구토가 많았으며, 졸림증이 현저하게 많았고, 소양감과 배뇨 곤란은 morphine군에서 많았다. 이상의 결과로 수술후의 통증관리에 있어서 경막외로의 buprenorphine주입은 유용한 방법이며, 경막 외 morphine에 비해 장점과 단점을 아울러 포함하고 있다고 사료된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.266-273
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• 2011

인도산 울금 분말을 bifidobacteria와 lactobacilli를 포함한 프로바이오틱 유산균으로 발효한 시료들의 소염활성 정도를 세포 내 염증성 인자들의 발현양을 관찰함으로써 평가하였다. 그 중 L. johnsonii IDCC 9203으로 발효한 시료의 소염 활성이 가장 뛰어났다. 이를 바탕으로 울금 분말을 포함한 본배양 배지에서 L. johnsonii IDCC 9203으로 21시간 동안 배양 후 얻은 상등액으로 발효 울금 원료를 제조하였고, 제조된 발효 울금 원료에 대한 소염활성 효능을 테스트하기 위해 LPS로 활성화된 raw 264.7 세포주에 처리하고 COX-2와 iNOS의 발현양을 확인하였다. 그 결과 발효 울금 원료 250 ${\mu}g$/mL까지 농도 의존적으로 COX-2와 iNOS의 발현을 감소시켰으며, 그 저해 활성은 동일 농도의 비발효 울금 원료보다 강하였다. NC/Nga 아토피 피부염 동물모델과 PCA 동물모델에서 발효 울금 원료의 효능 확인 결과 대조군에 비해 아토피 피부염의 초기 증상 개선효과와 급작형 과민반응에 대한 예방효과가 뛰어남을 확인하였다. 발효 울금 원료의 유효성분 함량을 분석했을 때 커큐민의 함량은 비발효 울금 원료에 비해 2.5배 증가했으며, 수용성 커큐민의 함량 역시 증가하였다. 또한 비스디메톡시커큐민이나 디메톡시커큐민의 함량도 증가되었을 뿐 아니라 전체 커큐미노이드 중에서 이들 유도체의 비중이 높아짐을 확인하였다. 모든 결과들을 종합하면, 울금 분말을 L. johnsonii IDCC 9203을 이용하여 발효함으로써 유효성분인 커큐미노이드들의 성분비가 변화하고 수용성 커큐미노이드의 증가에 의한 생체 이용율 증가로 울금의 소염 및 항알레르기 활성이 증가된다. 본 연구를 통해 L. johnsonii IDCC 9203으로 발효한 울금 원료는 급성기 피부염에 대한 예방 및 치료 목적으로 사용 가능할 것으로 예상된다.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the current status of evidence-based research, education, and practice, and to suggest a directions for the future development of evidence-based nursing. Methods: To examine the current status of evidence-based nursing research, experimental research among studies published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing from 2008 to 2010 were analyzed. We suggested a direction for the future development of evidence-based research based on the analysis and literature reviews. We also suggested a direction for the future development of evidence-based education and practice based on literature reviews. Results: The results showed that designs and methods of studies were insufficient to use evidences derived from the studies in terms of evidence-based research, and experimental studies consistent with themes were found to be deficient. In the future, the methods and rationale for the design of experimental studies need to be clearer In addition, a test for intervention effects through repetitive studies and a connection between the intervention effects and a protocol for clinical practice will be required. In terms of evidence-based education, curriculum revision and development of teaching methods including contents related to evidence-based practice and research methodology in undergraduate and graduate programs will be required. Evidence-based practice in Korea was less actively done than with that of foreign countries. Some large hospitals have recently attempted systemic activities to promote evidence-based nursing practice in clinical settings. To activate evidence-based practice, the perception of nurses for evidence-based practice needs to be changed and support for education and administration of the program is required. Also, evidence-based practice guidelines, protocols, and assessment tools need to be developed. Conclusion: Evidence-based nursing in Korea is in the process of evolving. To realize evidence-based nursing, we need to develop nursing science based on evidences of closer communication and cooperation in terms of nursing research, education, and practice.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.59-71
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• 1984

신장기능에 대한 중추신경계의 역할을 구명코자. presynaptic ${\alpha}-adrenoceptor$의 선택적 작동약인 clonidine을 urethane마취 가토의 측뇌실내로 (icv)투여하여 신장기능의 변동을 관찰하였다. $5{\mu}g/kg$ icv이하의 양으로는 신장기능의 유의한 변동을 볼 수 없었으나, $15{\mu}g/kg$ icv 으로는 20분간에 걸쳐 현저한 Na 및 K배설 증가를 볼 수 있었다 이 때 신혈류 및 사구체 여과율은 유의한 변동을 나타내지 아니하였다. 또 이때 Na 재흡수율은 유의하게 감소하였으며, Na배설증가 작용이 세뇨관에서의 Na재흡수 억제에 기인함을 알 수 있었다. 전신혈압 변동은 이 작용에 기여하지 아니하였다. Presynaptic ${\alpha}-adrenoceptor$에 대한 선택적 길항약인 yohimbine $100\;{\mu}g/kg$을 clonidine투여 20분전에 측뇌실내로 투여하면 clonidine의 신장작용이 완전히 차단되었다. 이 량의 yohimbine은 측뇌실내 투여시 신장기능에 아무런 변동도 초래하지 아니하였다. $15\;{\mu}g/kg$ clonidine을 정맥내로 투여하면 투여 직후에 뇨량 감소와 신장기능 감퇴를 초래한 뒤 후기에 약간의 Na배설증가의 경향을 보였으나, clonidine을 icv로 투여하였을 때 볼 수 있던 만큼의 Na배설증가는 볼 수 없었다. 따라서 icv clonicine의 신장작용에는 신장에 대한 clonidine의 직접작용이 관여하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구결과는 가토의 신장기능 조절에 있어서 중추의 교감신경 긴장도가 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 시사하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.721-725
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• 2010

Purpose: The survival of composite graft is dependent on three steps, (1) plasmatic imbibitions, (2) inosculation, and (3) neovascularization. Among the many trials to increase the survival rate of composite graft, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has beneficial effects on the microcirculatory level with vasodilating, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and neoangiogenic properties. Lipo-PGE1 which is lipid microspheres containing PGE1 had developed to compensate the systemic and local side effects of PGE1. This study was proposed to determine whether Lipo-PGE1 administration enhanced the survival of composite graft through neovascularization quantitatively in a rabbit ear model. Methods: Fourteen New Zealand White Rabbits each weighing 3~4 kg were divided in two groups: (1) intravenous Lipo-PGE1 injection group and (2) control group. A $2{\times}1\;cm$ sized, full-thickness rectangular composite graft was harvested in each auricle. Then, the graft was reaaproximated in situ using a 5-0 nylon suture. For the experimental group, $3{\mu}g$/kg/day of Lipo-PGE1 ($5{\mu}g$/mL) was administered intravenously through the marginal vein of the ear for 14 days. The control group was received no pharmacologic treatment. On the 14th postoperative day, composite graft of the ear was harvested and immunochemistry staining used Monoclonal mouse anti-CD 31 antibody was performed. Neoangiogenesis was quantified by counting the vessels that showed luminal structures surrounded by the brown color-stained epithelium and counted from 10 random high-power fields (400x) by independent blinded observer. Statistical analysis (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test for nonparametric data) was performed using SPSS v12.0, with values of p<0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean number of the microvessels was $15.48{\pm}8.65$ in the experimental group and $9.82{\pm}7.25$ in the control group (p=0.028). Conclusion: The use of Lipo-PGE1 facilitated the neoangiogenesis, resulted in the improvement of the survival rate of graft. On the basis of this results, we could support wider application of Lipo-PGE1 for more effective therapeutic angiogenesis and successful survival in various cases of composite graft in the human.