• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.202-210
• /
• 2015

저선량 조사는 낮은 선량을 지속적으로 장기간 조사시키기 때문에 조사되는 마우스들에 대한 선량분포를 정확히 알고 있어야만 한다. 본 연구는 저선량 방사선에 대한 생물학적 영향평가를 위하여 동남권원자력의학원 연구센터에 설치된 $^{137}Cs$ 조사장치에 대하여 마우스조사 실험 시 마우스에 원하고자 하는 선량을 전달하기 위한 방법에 대하여 연구를 수행하였다. 마우스에 원하고자 하는 정확한 선량을 전달하기 위하여 선원에 대하여 동일한 위치에 마우스 케이지 45개를 설치할 수 있는 아파트를 자체 개발하였으며, 개발된 마우스 아파트 시스템에 대한 선량평가를 하기 위하여 유리선량계(glass dosimeter)를 실험용 마우스 머리와 배에 삽입한 후 기존 조사 시스템과 자체 개발한 마우스 아파트 시스템에 대해 비교 선량평가를 수행하였다. 기존시스템의 조사방식에서 최대 42%의 선량차이를 보였으며 개발한 마우스 아파트 시스템은 6% 이내의 선량차이를 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 마우스 아파트를 활용한 저선량 방사선에 대한 생물학적 영향평가 연구는 전달하고자 하는 선량을 보다 정확하게 제공할 수 있으며, 생물학적 분석결과에 신뢰성을 확보할 수 있다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 1988

원자력발전소의 비상사태 발생시 효과적인 비상대책 수립을 위하여 인근 주민에 대한 신속한 피폭선량 평가 시스템의 개발이 강조되고 있다. 여기서 개발한 시스템은 다양한 원전의 사고에 대해 인근 주민에 대한 방사선 영향의 신속한 평가 모델로서 마이크로 컴퓨터에 기초한 프로그램이며, 문답형의 메뉴방식의 사용자 입력구조를 가지고 있고 수행 결과의 출력은 표 또는 그래픽 형식의 구조를 가지고 있어서 신속한 피폭선량평가 수행뿐만 아니라 신속한 결과 판독이 가능하여 비상대책 활동을 위한 결정에 도움을 준다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.170-177
• /
• 2021

Background: The International Commission on Radiological Protection is preparing to provide reference dose coefficients for environmental radioiodine intake based on newly developed age-specific biokinetic models. However, the biokinetics of iodine has been reported to be strongly dependent on the dietary intake of stable iodine; for example, the thyroidal uptake of iodine may be substantially lower in iodine-rich regions than in iodine-deficient regions. Therefore, this study attempted to establish a system of age-specific thyroid dose estimation for South Koreans, whose daily iodine intakes are significantly higher than that of the world population. Materials and Methods: Korean age-specific biokinetic parameters and thyroid masses were derived based on the previously developed Korean adult model and the Korean anatomical reference data for adults, respectively. This study complied with the principles used in the development of age-specific biokinetic models for world population and used the ratios of baseline values for each age group relative to the value for adults to derive age-specific values. Results and Discussion: Biokinetic model predictions based on the Korean age-specific parameters showed significant differences in iodine behaviors in the body compared to those predicted using the model for the world population. In particular, the Korean age-specific thyroid dose coefficients for ¹²⁹I and ¹³¹I were considerably lower than those calculated for the world population (25%-76% of the values for the world population). Conclusion: These differences stress the need for Korean-specific internal dose assessments for infants and children, which can be achieved by using the data calculated in this study.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.213-218
• /
• 2024

The myocardial nuclear medicine examination is widely performed to diagnose myocardium disease using various radionuclides. Although image quality according to radionuclides has improved, the radiation exposure for target organ as well as peripheral organs should be considered. Here, the aim of this study was to evaluate absorbed dose (Gy) for peripheral organs in myocardial nuclear medicine scan from myocardium according to various scan environments based on Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation environment was modeled 5 cases, which were considered by radionuclides, number of injections, and radiodosage. In addition, the each radionuclide simulation such as distribution fraction was considered by recommended standard protocol, and the mesh computational female phantom, which is provided by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 145, was used using the particle and heavy ion transport code system (PHITS) version 3.33. Based on the results, the closer to the myocardium, the higher the absorbed dose values. In addition, application for dual injection for radionuclides leaded to high absorbed dose compared with single injection for radionuclide. Consequently, there is difference for absorbed dose according to radionuclides, number of injections, and radiodosage. To detect the accurate diseased area, acquisition for improved image quality is crucial process by injecting radionuclides, however, we need to consider absorbed dose both target and peripheral inner organs from radionuclides in terms radiation protection for patient.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제48권2호
• /
• pp.68-76
• /
• 2023

Background: In the process of discussion on the possibility of using radionuclide-contaminated soil and debris generated by radiation disasters, a strategy for the proper management of radiation exposure protection while considering the source of the contaminated materials is necessary. Materials and Methods: The radiological protection criteria that are likely to be applied to the source-related approach based on the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommendations and the International Atomic Energy Agency safety standards are summarized. We proposed five interpretations of radiation protection to contribute to the promotion of discussion on the possibility of using a part of low-level-radionuclide-contaminated soil and debris in the post-accident rehabilitation. Interpretations I to III are based on the idea of "using a reference level to protect the public in post-accident rehabilitation," whereas IV and V are based on the idea of "using the dose constraint to protect the public in the post-accident rehabilitation when the sources are handled in a planned activity." The former idea is subdivided into three based on the definition of the source, which is managed by the reference level, and the latter idea is divided into two depending on whether or not additional dose from using contaminated materials is deemed acceptable. Results and Discussion: To confirm the applicability of the five interpretations presented, we suggested the concrete values of protection criteria via two feasible cases. In this case study, we proposed radiation protection by the dose constraint based on the Interpretation IV and chose 1 mSv/yr for the public and 20 mSv/yr for workers dealing with radionuclide-contaminated materials. Conclusion: We concretely and systematically demonstrated how the concept of radiation protection can be applied to the process of discussion on the possibility of using radionuclide-contaminated materials within the framework of an international system of protection. This study's findings can provide necessary information to discuss the possibility of using radionuclide-contaminated materials as an alternative option for recovery and reconstruction after a radiation disaster from the viewpoint of radiation protection.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.271-278
• /
• 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of changes in beam arrangement and arc counts on dosimetric factors in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) inverse radiation therapy planning for hippocampal-avoidance whole brain radiation therapy (HA-WBRT) by using the Elekta Monaco radiation therapy planning system (RTPs). For coplanar VMAT, both the arc per beam (APB) method and the beam determined arc(BDA) method, which is determined by the number of beams, were applied. For non-coplanar VMAT, the BDA method was utilized, and a total of 9 treatment plans were established by varying the arc counts. All radiation therapy plans met the radiation oncology group (RTOG) 0933 protocol standards, and 14 dosimetric factors were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the BDA-NC VMAT method demonstrated superior performance in terms of planning target volume (PTV) coverage and protection of normal organs, while APB-VMAT was advantageous in terms of hippocampal protection, monitor unit and delivery time. This study is expected to contribute to the efficient establishment of HA-WBRT plans considering the changes in beam arrangement and rotation arc numbers in Monaco RTPs.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2017

Background: Different cases exist in the measurement of thyroid radiobioassays owing to the individual characteristics of the subjects, especially the potential variation in the counting efficiency. An In situ Object Counting System (ISOCS) was developed to perform an efficiency calibration based on the Monte Carlo calculation, as an alternative to conventional calibration methods. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability of ISOCS to thyroid radiobioassays by comparison with a conventional thyroid monitoring system. Materials and Methods: The efficiency calibration of a portable high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector was performed using ISOCS software. In contrast, the conventional efficiency calibration, which needed a radioactive material, was applied to a scintillator-based thyroid monitor. Four radioiodine samples that contained $^{125}I$ and $^{131}I$ in both aqueous solution and gel forms were measured to evaluate radioactivity in the thyroid. ANSI/HPS N13.30 performance criteria, which included the relative bias, relative precision, and root-mean-squared error, were applied to evaluate the performance of the measurement system. Results and Discussion: The portable HPGe detector could measure both radioiodines with ISOCS but the thyroid monitor could not measure $^{125}I$ because of the limited energy resolution of the NaI(Tl) scintillator. The $^{131}I$ results from both detectors agreed to within 5% with the certified results. Moreover, the $^{125}I$ results from the portable HPGe detector agreed to within 10% with the certified results. All measurement results complied with the ANSI/HPS N13.30 performance criteria. Conclusion: The results of the intercomparison program indicated the feasibility of applying ISOCS software to direct thyroid radiobioassays. The portable HPGe detector with ISOCS software can provide the convenience of efficiency calibration and higher energy resolution for identifying photopeaks, compared with a conventional thyroid monitor with a NaI(Tl) scintillator. The application of ISOCS software in a radiation emergency can improve the response in terms of internal contamination monitoring.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 1995

한국원자력연구소 부지에는 연구용 원자로, 원전연료, 가공시설 등 여러 원자력시설이 운영되고 있다. 이들 시설로부터 방사성물질이 누출되는 경우 방사성물질의 대기중 확산, 이동, 침적 등의 환경내 거동을 해석하기 위해 한국원자력 연구소에서는 기상정보 인지시스템 (MDAS) 및 처리시스템 (MIPS)을 개발하여 운영하고 있다. MIPS에서는 각 기상정보를 쉽게 파악할 수 있도록 컴퓨터 화면상에 그래픽으로 순간 및 시간에 따른 관측치의 변화량을 제시할 수 있게 하였다. 이러한 MDAS와 MIPS는 자체 개발된 실시간 방사선 피폭해석시스템 (FADAS)과 온라인으로 연결되어 만일의 원자력시설의 사고 시 주변주민의 대피 또는 소개 등 신속한 비상대응책의 결정에도 매우 유용하게 이용할 수 있다

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.573-580
• /
• 2018

The Nuclear Safety Commission amended the Nuclear Safety Act by strengthening the safety management system for the frequent workers to the level of radiation workers. And students entering radiation management zones for testing and practical purposes are subject to frequent workers. It is inevitable that this will incur additional costs. In this paper, the validity of the amendment to the Nuclear Safety Act was to be assessed in terms of radiation protection. Study subjects are from 2014 to 2016, among university students in Seong-nam Korea and comparisons for analyses were made taking into account variables that are differences in annual, practical types, on-class and clinical practice students exposure dose. The analysis showed that exposures between on-class and clinical practice received were less than the annual dose limit of 1 mSv for the public. Then, some alternatives that excluding from frequent workers during on-class practice or mitigating the frequent workers' safety regulation for only on-class frequent workers can be considered. Optimization is how rational is the reduction in exposure dose to the costs required. Therefore, the results are hardly considered for optimization. If the data accumulated, it could be considered that the revision of the act could be evaluated and improved.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2024

Background: As the quantity and complexity of radiological interventions are constantly increasing, gear that offers optimal protection while maintaining mobility and a low weight burden is becoming more important. A newly developed exoskeleton radiation protection system (ERPS) (StemRad MD; StemRad Ltd.) can carry the weight of the shielding. The aim of our study was to analyze initial experience, especially in terms of advantages and disadvantages, with this new ERPS in interventional radiology. Materials and Methods: Forty-six interventions utilizing the ERPS were analyzed. The interventional radiologists completed a 15-question survey evaluating various aspects of the protective system, including weight, mobility, comfort, and radiation protection adequacy. Results and Discussion: In 98% of procedures, interventionalists reported being very satisfied (89%) or slightly satisfied (9%) and would recommend the system to colleagues. The exoskeleton system was rated as 100% comfortable, not too heavy, and did not restrict mobility in 98% of cases. Conclusion: The ERPS is a recommendable alternative to standard lead aprons, providing flexibility, comfort, and effective weight distribution without restricting mobility.