• 청정기술
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 합성천연가스(synthetic natural gas, SNG)를 생산하기 위한 공정 개발을 위해 RIST-IAE에서 제안한 공정의 4차 반응기에 대하여 합성가스($H_2/CO_2$)를 이용하여 메탄화 반응을 수행하였다. 실험의 조건은 온도, 압력, 공간속도 등을 변화시켰으며, 이때 $CO_2$ 전환율, $CH_4$ 선택도, 반응 후 $H_2$의 농도에 대해 고찰하였다. 그 결과 $CO_2$ 메탄화반응에 의한 $CH_4$의 선택도는 공간속도가 낮을수록, 그리고 압력이 높을수록 증가하였다. 한편, 온도의 경우에는 $320^{\circ}C$에서 최대 값을 보였다. 이러한 결과로부터 SNG 공정에 적합한 4차반응기의 최적 조건을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 암석학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 1992

화학반응식 : 6 $Ca_2$Al$_3$(OH)Si$_3$O$_{12}$=6 CaAl$_2$Si$_2$O$_{8}$+2 $Ca_3$Al$_2$Si$_3$O$_{12}$+Al$_2$O$_3$+3 $H_2O$ 조이사이트 아놀사이트 그로슐라라이트 강옥에 대한 평형 온도-압력 곡선이 외부 및 내부가열 압력용기(externally and intrrnally heated pressure vessels)를 이용하여 2-4kbar의 압력범위에서 실험적으로 결정되었다. 인공합성된 조이사이트, 아놀사이트, 그로슐라라이트 그리고 강옥이 시작물질(starting material)로 사용되었다 시작물질은 13-16 kbar의 압력범위에서 피스톤-실린더 고압실험장치를 이용하여 합성되었다. 2kbar와 4kbar에서의 평형온도는 각각 550$\pm$12$^{\circ}C$와 575$\pm$2$0^{\circ}C$이다. 4kbar에서 자연산 조이사이트에 비해 합성 조이사이트의 낮은 열적 안정성은 합성 아놀사이트의 구조적 무질서(structural disorder)에 기인한다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2022

반도체 공정용 석영유리 도가니의 내측에 위치하는 투명층은 합성 실리카 분말을 원료로 사용하여 제조한다. 도가니의 투명층에는 다양한 원인에 기인하여 버블이 발생하는데, 버블은 도가니의 품질뿐만 아니라 실리콘 잉곳의 수율을 저하시키는 악영향을 미친다. 따라서 투명층의 원료인 합성 실리카 분말 역시 버블 생성 인자를 최소화하는 것이 주요 목표이다. 이에 따라 합성 실리카 분말의 경우, 실라놀 그룹, 탄소계 불순물, 그리고 기공이 충분히 제거되어야만 한다. 본 연구에서는 졸-겔법을 이용하여 합성 실리카 겔을 제조하고, 2단 하소공정에서 하소온도와 유지시간에 따른 탄소 함량과 비표면적의 변화를 살펴보았다. 1단계 하소온도는 500℃~600℃, 2단계 하소온도는 1000℃~1100℃에서 수행하였으며, 유지시간은 10분에서 최대 12시간까지 실시하였다. 1000℃에서 1시간 동안 하소한 분말의 탄소함량은 0.0031 wt.%를 나타내었으며, 1100℃에서 12시간 동안 하소한 분말의 비표면적은 16.6 m²/g을 나타내었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.610-617
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• 2020

In process installations, chemicals operate at high temperature and high pressure. Propylene is used as a basic raw material for manufacturing synthetic materials in the petrochemical industry; However, it is a flammable substance and explosive in the gaseous state. Thus, caution is needed when handling propylene. To prevent explosions, an inert gas, carbon dioxide, was used and the changes in the extent of explosion due to changes in pressure and oxygen concentration at 25 ℃, 100 ℃, and 200 ℃ were measured. At constant temperature, the increase in explosive pressure and the rates of the explosive pressure were observed to rise as the pressure was augmented. Moreover, as the oxygen concentration decreased, the maximum explosive pressure decreased. At 25 ℃ and oxygen concentration of 21%, as the pressure increased from 1.0 barg to 2.5 bar, the gas deflagration index (K_g) increased significantly from 4.71 barg·m/s to 18.83 barg·m/s.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.44-49
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• 1987

Molecular alignment has been postulated as influencing non-Newtonian behavior of liquid lubricants containing various additives. Four blended lubricants, two synthetic and two mineral were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. All of the lubricants exhibited polarization changes in their infrared emission spectra at 60$\circ$C under shear. For this work a special mockup journal bearing was constructed to seperate load and shear effects. At a temperature of 100$\circ$C polarization by shear was always reduced, presumably by Browninn motion. This work should be useful in pointing to the shear-sensitive factors. The presence of of a VI improving additive is manifested by the independence of the infrared emissivity with temperature at several wavelengths; a lubricant without a VI improver generally shows a decrease of emissivity at higher temperature.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 1995

The removal of heavy metals from synthetic wastewater containing Pb, Cr, Cd using previously washed and dried exhausted coffee was studied varying cohcentration, pH and temperature. All the heavy metals were removed in 3.0 minutes and the removal efficiency was maximum 80~90% with different pH and temperature conditions. The differences in removal efficiency between exhausted coffee and activated carbon under the same conditions were not seen. The removal efficiency was slightly increased with increasing pH in Cd and increasing temperature in Cr, respectively. The batch adsorption kinetics and adsorption equilibrium were examined and described by a first order reversible reaction and Freundlich isotherm, respectively. And the removal of Pb was found to have the best removal efficiency.

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.61.3-61.3
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• 2017

We have studied the high-resolution $H{\alpha}$ and Ca II $8542{\AA}$ line profiles of Ellerman Bombs (EBs) obtained with the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) installed on the 1.6m Goode Solar Telescope (GST) in Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). The FISS spectra of EBs are compared with synthetic profiles computed using RH non-LTE radiative transfer code and a set of 1D atmospheric models with local transient heating, the latter of which is modeled by varying local temperature enhancement in magnitude and height. We could reproduce each of the observed $H{\alpha}$ and Ca II line profiles separately with different atmospheric models, but not with a single atmospheric model. To fit the observed $H{\alpha}$ lines we often need much higher temperature enhancements than those needed for fitting Ca II lines. Possible causes for this temperature mismatch are briefly discussed.

• Carbon letters
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2001

In this work, the activated carbons (ACs) with high micropores were synthesized from the polystyrene (PS) with KOH as activating agent. And the influence of activation temperature on porosity of the ACs studied was investigated. The porous structures of ACs were characterized by nitrogen adsorption at 77K using BET and D-R equations, and MP and BJH methods. The weight loss behaviors of the samples impregnated with KOH were also monitored using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). As a result, it was found that the samples could be successfully converted into ACs with well-developed micropores. From the results of pore size analysis, it was confirmed that elevated activation temperature does lead to the formation and deepening of microstructures without significant change in mesostructures. A thermogravimetric study showed that KOH could suppress the thermal decomposition of the sample, resulting in the increase of carbon yields.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.743-754
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• 1996

In this study (Ba1-xPbx)TiO3 was synthesized by modified oxalate process in order to prevent vaporization of PbO through low temperature synthesis climinate Cl ion reproducibly substitute Pb for by and uniformly distribute ion (Ba1-xPbx)TiO3 was synthesized by coprecipitation of lead acetate barium acetate and ammonium titanyl oxalate have been used as starting materials. The substitution of Pb for Ba was reproducibly possible synthetic temperature of perovskite structure becomes lowed as the Pb concentration increases and fine partic-les (specific surface are :7.2 cm2/g) were obtained, BaTiO3 powders calcined at 90$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours were cubic from in XRD analysis and as Pb content was increases evident split of tetragonal peaks could be observed The optimum conditions to synthesize (Ba,Pb)TiO3 powder are the followings ; synthesis temperature (5$^{\circ}C$)

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2001

The turbulent flow resistance of water solution with polymer is reduced as compared with that of pure water. This effects is named th drag reduction and offers the significant reduction of the pumping power and the energy consumption. But the intense shear forces and the high temperature experienced by the polymer solution when passing through the pipes cause the degradation a loss of drag reduction effectiveness. Especially, the degradation behavior is found to be strongly dependent on temperature. This mechanical and thermal degradation can be avoided by adding materials such as surfactant to the polymer solution, which enhance the bonding force between molecules. In the present study, Copolymer and SDS were utilized and they were mixed in 10 different mixture ratios, while total concentration was fixed as 100wppm. Degradation of Copolymer-SDS mixture solutions was investigated experimentally in closed loop at the temperature of $10^{\circ}C\; and\; 80^{\circ}C$ with various flow average velocities of 1.5 m/sec, 3.0m/sec, and 4.5m/sec. Degradation characteristics of polymer solution without surfactant show a radical loss of drag reduction effectiveness at high temperature. Degradation alleviation ability of surfactant is especially effective at high temperature. Consequently, this results show that the addition of surfactant to the polymer solution can control unfavorable degradation phenomena for high temperature systems.