• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.141-152
• /
• 2024

Cyber security plays an important role in the field of IT industry and other industry too. Whenever we talk about cyber security, the word cybercrime pops out. Cybercrime is the biggest issues we are facing right now. Every 39 seconds an attacker is hacking something. Since 2008 to 2019 there are more than 8800 data breach cases is being found or filed. Even as we are aware of cybercrime and its stats, only 5% organization are fully secured and other 95% are not fully secured. According to survey 56% organization have weak controls. Basically they are not secured. Apart from taking measures cyber security are facing huge challenges or disturbs to many. This paper mainly focuses on dare to cyber security and also center of attraction is cyber security expertise, morals with changing in technology with time. [1]

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물학회 1997년도 공동 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.25-26
• /
• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.36-41
• /
• 2015

Recently, we demonstrated that human serum amyloid P component (SAP) specifically recognizes exposed bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN) of wall teichoic acid (WTA)-deficient Staphylococcus aureus ${\Delta}$tagO mutant cells and then induces complement-independent phagocytosis. In our preliminary experiments, we found the existence of human serum immunoglobulins that recognize S. aureus PGN (anti-PGNIgGs), which may be involved in complement-dependent opsonophagocytosis against infected S. aureus cells. We assumed that purified serum anti-PGN-IgGs and S. aureus ${\Delta}$tagO mutant cells are good tools to study the molecular mechanism of anti-PGN-IgG-mediated phagocytosis. Therefore, we tried to identify the intracellular molecule(s) that is involved in the anti-PGN-IgG-mediated phagocytosis using purified human serum anti-PGN-IgGs and different S. aureus mutant cells. Here, we show that anti-PGN-IgG-mediated phagocytosis in phorbol myristate acetate-treated U937 cells is mediated by $Ca^{2+}$ release from intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ stores and anti-PGN-IgGdependent $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization is controlled via a phospholipase C${\gamma}$-2-mediated pathway.

• 대한지리학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.292-312
• /
• 2001

오늘날 생태위기는 흔히 주체와 객체, 인간과 자연간의 데카르트적 이분법에 기초하여 자연을 대상화하고 도구적으로 정복한 근대성의 결과라고 이해된다. 이에 따라 근대성에 반대하고 나아가 생태위기를 해결하기 위한 새로운 환경론이 중요한 의미를 가지게 되었다. 본 논문은 근대성에 반대하여 새로운 담론 및 정치를 구축하고자 하는 포스트모던 패러다임 특히 탈구조주의자들의 주장이나 이론들 속에 함의되어 있는 생태학적 논의들을 검토하고. 나아가 이러한 포스트모던 생태학에 근거한 환경정의론의 가능성을 모색함을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 우선 탈구조주의 일반에서 찾아 볼 수 있는 생태학적 논의와 환경윤리적 함의를 검토하고, 탈구조주의자들 가운데 가장 명시적으로 생태학적 논의를 담고 있는 들뢰즈의 철학에서 '행동학'과 '리좀적 자연주의'에 초점을 두고 그의 뛰어난 생태학적 통찰력을 고찰하며, 끌으로 포스트모던 관점에서 '차이'를 이론화하고자 한 생물지역주의 그리고 특히 들뢰즈의 생태학에서 핵심을 이루고 있는 공생과 타이를 환경정의의 입장에서 이해하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.224-238
• /
• 2012

Objectives : From mechanism studies using animal models to high-level evidence based research such as randomized controlled trials or systematic reviews, various acupuncture studies have been performed. Nevertheless, the current research appears insufficient to satisfy clinicians' needs. We aimed at investigating clinicians' perception on the translational research and suggesting ways of symbiosis between basic research and clinical practice. Methods : Data were collected using a web-based questionnaire made available to Korean medicine doctors who were informed through social networking service or e-mail. The survey participants indicated their awareness of acupuncture research and their thoughts on the applicability of research in practice. Results : Forty-seven clinicians completed the survey. While most respondents agreed that acupuncture research is very important, only 40% of them answered that the results of acupuncture research are useful to their own practice. In more than half of those who responded to the survey, the current acupuncture research is not viewed as reflecting clinical practice very much. Respondents agreed that acupuncture research should be based on clinical practice, and they recognized the need to collect valid clinical data from real-world practice. Also, as many as 77% of clinicians had no scruple to participate in research programs. Conclusions : There is no doubt among practitioners that acupuncture research is necessary. More importantly, practice-based research remains essential in order to feed-back research outcomes to clinical practice. Communications and academic exchanges between clinicians and researchers can mutually benefit research and practice with better information, resulting in symbiosis.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제89권3호
• /
• pp.389-396
• /
• 2000

송이(Tricholoma matsutake, Songyi, pine mushroom)는 소나무(Pinus densiflora) 뿌리에 공생(共生)하는가, 아니면 기생(寄生)하는가를 알기 위하여 자연산 송이 균환(菌環) 내에서 균환선단, 송이발생지점, 균환 후단으로 구분하여 채집한 송이 균근(菌根)의 시간적-공간적 구조변화를 조사하였다. 송이는 소나무의 가장 가는 뿌리에 균투와 하티그 망을 형성하는 전형적인 외생균근(外生菌根)이다. 송이 균근(菌根)의 중요한 특징(特徵)은, 공간적으로는 소나무 뿌리의 정단부가 계속 생장함에 따라 송이 균근(菌根) 또한 왕성하게 정단부로 자라나간다. 그리고 시간적으로는 이미 형성된 균근(菌根)부분에서는 표피세포와 피층세포가 하티그 망과 함께 사멸하므로 뿌리표면이 흑갈색으로 주름이 진다. 그렇지만 송이균이 피층세포 내로 들어간 흔적은 없으며, 내피세포층 이상의 안쪽, 즉 뿌리의 통도조직으로 침입하여 들어간 흔적이 없이 정단분열조직은 살아있다. 이 정단부는 송이균이 사라지면서 들어오는 새로운 균과 균근을 형성한다. 그러므로 송이와 소나무의 관계는 단순한 공생(共生)이나 기생(寄生)이기 보다는 시간(時間)과 공간적(空間的)으로 공생(共生) 지점이 뿌리의 생장과 함께 옮겨가는 다이내믹한 외생균근(外生菌根) 공생(共生)관계라고 결론 짓는다.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.353-361
• /
• 2005

Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis has a systemic infection with the ascomycete Mycophycias ascophylli (Cotton) Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer with which it establishese a mutualistic symbiosis. In addition, A. nodosum is the host for the obligate red algal epiphyte, Vertebrata lanosa (L.) Christensen. Using light and electron microscopy we describe morphological and cytochemical changes occurring as a consequence of rhizoid penetration of V. lanosa into cortical host tissue. Rhizoids induce localized cell necrosis based on physical damage during rhizoid penetration. Host cells adjacent to the rhizoid selectively undergo a hypersensitive reaction in which they become darkly pigmented and become foci for hyphal development. Light and electron microscopy show that M. ascophylli forms dense hyphal aggregations on the surface of the V. lanosa rhizoid and extensive endophytic hyphal growths in the rhizoid wall. This is the first morphological evidence of an interaction between M. ascophylli and V. lanosa. We speculate that M. ascophylli may be interacting with V. lanosa to limit tissue damage to their shared host. In addition, the fungus provides a potential pathway for the transfer of materials (e.g., nutrients and photosynthate) between the two phototrophs.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.281-289
• /
• 2013

For the purpose of evaluating the eco-efficiency(EE) on surplus heat generated from industrial process, techniques of life cycle assessment are adopted in this study. Because it can be indicated both environmental impacts and economic benefits, EE is well known as a useful tool for symbiosis network on the sustainable development of new projects and businesses. To evaluate environmental impacts, the categories were divided into two areas of resource depletion and global warming potential. It can be seen that environmental impact increased a little but much higher economic benefit on the company, environmental performance and economic value were improved on the apartment by the district heating, respectively. In result, eco-industrial park(EIP) project on surplus heat should be found sustainable new business because the EE was in the area of fully positively eco-efficiency and, moreover resource depletion was taken place than the reduction of greenhouse gas.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 1999

An artificial symbiosis was established between diazotropic Azomonas insignis and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). The partnership was created by in vitro techniques through callus induction and organogenesis. The basis of this partnerships is the bacterial dependence on the plants metabolic activity, using maltose in the medium as a carbon and energy source which can be utilized by the plant cells only. The presence of bacteria in the intercellular spaces of the callus tissues and regenerated plants was proven by microscopic techniques. Nitrogenase activity could also be detected in the plant tissues. For successful and high frequency introduction of bacteria to the plant tissues, biolistic gun method was used. On the basis of the DNA transfer method, Azotobacter vinelandii bacteria were delivered directly into strawberry tissues by the particle bombardment. This was the first use of living bacteria as microprojectils for bombardment of plant tissues. The treatment was successful, the presence of bacteria in the developing callus tissue and regenerated plants were detected by light and electron microscopy.

• 한국동물학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.181-192
• /
• 1983

이차원 전긱영동법에 의하여 A. proteus의 tD strain과 tD strain이 박테리아와 공생에 의해 유도된 xD strain의 단백질 양성을 비교하였다. Silver stain에 의해 비교 가능한 200여개의 주요 단백질 가운데 tD strain에서 분자량 45,000, 동전점 5.9의 특이성 단백질이, xD strain의 세포액과 공생낭에서는 분자량 29,000, 동전점 5.5의 공생 특이성 단백질이 탐지되었다. 공생 특이성 단백질은 아메바 고은 배양 및 실험 공생 아메바를 이용한 실험 결과 박테리아와 직접 연관 되어 있었다. 탐지된 두 특이성 단백질에 대하여 종전의 세포 핵 이식 및 배양 실험을 통해서 얻어진 결과에 비추어 이들 단백질 상호 연관 및 세포내의 기능에 관하여 논의하였다.