• 폴리머
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.92-102
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• 2004

하이드록시프로필 셀룰로오스를 6-콜레스테릴옥시카보닐펜타노일 클로라이드와 반응시켜 에스터화도가 2.25-2.91 범위의 값을 갖는 6-콜레스테릴옥시카보닐펜톡시프로필 셀룰로오스들을 합성하였다. 또한 6-콜레스테릴옥시카보닐펜톡시프로필 셀룰로오스의 아크릴산 에스터들과 액정질서를 지닌 이들의 광가교 필름들을 합성하였다. 미가교와 가교시료들의 열방성 액정의 특성과 아세톤 중에서의 가교시료들의 팽윤거동을 검토하였다. 하이드록시프로필 셀룰로오스는 쌍방성 콜레스테릭 상을 형성하는 반면 모든 콜레스테릴을 지닌 미가교 시료들은 단방성 콜레스테릭 상을 형성하였다. 6-콜레스테릴옥시카보닐펜타노일 클로라이드는 단방성 스멕틱 상도 형성하였다. 하이드록시프로필 셀룰로오스는 광학 피치 (λ$_{m}$ )가 온도상승에 의해 증가하는 우측방향의 나선을 형성하는 반면 모든 미가교 유도체들은 λ$_{m}$ 이 온도상승에 의해 감소하는 좌측방향의 나선들을 형성하였다. 6-콜레스테릴옥시카보닐펜톡시프로필 셀룰로오스와 이의 아크릴산 에스터의 액정상의 열적 안정성과 동일한 온도에서의 λ$_{m}$ 의 크기는 에스터화도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 모든 가교시료들은 6-콜레스테릴옥시카보닐펜톡시프로필 셀룰로오스의 아크릴산 에스터들과 달리 반사색깔을 나타내지 않았으며 액정질서를 지닌 가교젤의 특징적인 이방성 팽윤을 나타냈다.

• 폴리머
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.736-743
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• 2001

N,N-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA)로 가교 결합된 electro-active 고분자(EAP) (poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid), PAMPS) 겔을 수용액 상에서 potassium persulfate를 개시제로 하여 라디칼 중합시켜 제조하였다. PAMPS 겔의 구동성을 부여하기 위하여 계면활성제로 팽윤하며 치환하였다. 계면활성제가 치환된 PAMPS 겔은 용액내의 인가된 전압하에서, 그 전기장 변화에 의해 큰 변위를 나타내는 구동특성을 보였다. PAMPS 겔은 빠른 응답속도와 가역적인 bending을 나타내었다. 겔의 구동원리는 양극과 PAMPS 겔 음이온간의 정전기 인력, 겔의 swelling-deswelling 효과 그리고 계면활성제의 소수성 반응의 협동적 과정으로 나타난다. PAMPS 겔의 응답속도는 인가된 전압 및 가교도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 구동이 반복적으로 진행됨에 따라 응답속도는 증가하였다. 겔의 두께가 증가하면 응답속도는 감소하였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.568-571
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• 2006

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/gelatin(GEL) 블렌드막을 고전장하에서 제조한 후, 팽윤거동 및 이온투과 특성을 연구하였다. 알칼리 금속염(LiCl, NaCl, KCl)에 대한 투과 실험 결과, 인가된 전장의 강도가 10 kV까지 증가하면 막의 곡로율이 감소하여 이온 투과도가 증가하지만, 10 kV이상이 되면 막의 결정화도의 증가 영향이 커져 투과도는 감소하였다. 완충용액에 대한 팽윤 실험에서 pH 6을 기점으로 산성영역 혹은 염기성 영역으로 갈수록 하전기간의 반발로 인하여 팽윤도가 증가함을 관찰하였다. 제조된 블렌드막의 KCl 투과도 계수는 pH 6에서 극대값을 보였고, 산성 혹은 염기성 영역으로 갈수록 급격히 감소되는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 거동은 막내 존재하는 관능기들이 해리함에 따라 용해도 증가 영향보다는 Donnan 배제효과가 우세하게 작용하기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 특히 온도에 따른 투과거동에서 $40^{\circ}C$를 기점으로 KCl 투과도 계수가 약 5배 정도 급격히 증가함을 보여주었다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2008

조직공학용 생체 물질로 사용하고자 가교제 1,3-butadiene diepoxide (BD)를 사용하여 락타이드와 가교시킨 히아루론산 막을 제조하였다. 막의 락타이드 및 BD 반응도는 핵자기 공명 분광볍으로 결정하였다. BD 농도가 높을 경우 6%이하의 성장저해 현상이 나타났으나 그 값은 세포 성장에 문제되지 않을 정도로 충분히 낮았다. 가교온도가 낮을수록 탄성 율은 증가하고 팽윤도는 감소하였다. 막의 생분해속도는 가교온도가 낮을수록 감소하였다. 약물방출 실험 결과 가교 온도가 낮을수록 막을 통한 약물 투과는 감소하였다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1994

Cotton fiber, NaOH-mercerized cotton fiber, cotton fabric, and NaOH-mercerized cotton fabric have been treated by liquid ammonia at -33.4$^{\circ}C$. The fine structures, bending properties, tensile strengthes, shrinkages for laundering, and wrinkle recoveries were studied. The treatment of cottons with liquid ammonia brought about the transition of crystal lattice ; transforming cellulose I crystal of original cotton to cellulose I and III crystal, and cellulose II crystal of mercerized cotton to cellulose II and III crystals. The degree of crystallinities were decreased in the order of liquid ammonia>NaOH/liquid ammonia>NaOH-treated cotton. However moisture regain and water absorbency for liquid ammonia-treated cotton were lower than that of NaOH-treated cotton because of a difference in swelling actions of the agents. It seems caused by intermicrofibrillar pores produced in swelling processes. The bending rigidity and bending hysteresis were decreased remarkly by liquid ammonia treatment. Therefore softness and dimensional stability were improved. The liquid amminia and NaOH/liquid ammonia-treated cottons moreover show excellent properties in tensile strength, anti-shrinkage for laundering, and wrinkle recovery.

• Carbon letters
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2014

Three dimensional self-assembled graphene hydrogels were easily fabricated by electron beam irradiation (EBI) using an aqueous solution of wool/poly(vinyl alcohol) and graphene oxide (GO). After exposure to various levels of EBI radiation, the highly porous, self-assembled, wool-based graphene hydrogels were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; to determine the gel fraction, degree of swelling, gel strength, kinetics-of-swelling analyses and removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from the aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction results confirmed that EBI played a significantly important role in reducing GO to graphene. The adsorption equilibrium of Cr(VI) was reached within 80 min and the adsorption capacity was dramatically increased as the acidity of the initial solution was decreased from pH 5 to 2. Changes in ionic strength did not exert much effect on the adsorption behavior.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 1999

To examine the increase of paper strength by solvent-bonding using N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO), a paper was treated with aqueous solutions of NMMO, concentrated at $90^\circ{C}$ for selected periods of time, and pressed for 5 seconds followed by washing and drying. The effect of the increasing NMMO concentration on bonding state and some important properties of samples were mainly investigated. With increasing concentration of NMMO, the degree of bonding between fibers was increased, the fiber cross-sectional shape was changed from 'thin ribbonlike' to 'round rodlike' by swelling with solvent, and the longitudinal waves (crimp) were introduced to fibers, hence the shrinkage, weight per unit area, and thickness of paper were increased. Consequently, the tensile strength and elongation, under standard and wet conditions, and the stiffness were increased, and the water absorption was decreased generally with increasing concentration of NMMO. The moisture regain of treated samples was lower than that of the untreated sample, because of the reduction of space between fibers. But the moisture regain was increased a little with increasing concentration of NMMO due to the fiber swelling with NMMO followed by structural relaxation.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.46-56
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between water vapor diffusion properties and the pore structure of paper. Gas-phase molecular diffusivity of water vapor through pores was determined based on the kinetic theory of gas. A mathematical model was derived to characterize the dimensional changes of the pore caused by the fiber-swelling mechanism. A modified-Fickean diffusion model was designed to simulate the water-vapor diffusion phenomena in porous paper web. Structural characterisocs of paper pores including the tortuosity and the shape factor was studied on a theoretical basis of Knudsen flow diffusion. Results are summarized as follows: 1. The theoretical water vapor diffusivity in gas-phase was 0.092$cm^2$ /min, 2. Porosity was inversely proportional to the degree of wet-swelling of paper, 3. Solid-phase water-diffusivity of fiber was 1.2 $ \times 10^{-5}cm^2/min$, 4. Modified diffusion model was fairly consistent to the experimental data (from part I), and 5. The Fickean pore tortuosity, ranging from 1,000 to 2,500, was in inverse proportion to the porosity of paper, and the Knudsen shape factor and length-angle factor for micro-pores in paper were 0.5~3.5 and about 340, respectively.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2003

본 연구는 도로설계를 위한 CBR시험 수행에 따른 시간과 비용절감을 도모하고, CBR시험 전에 미리 결과를 예측함으로서 공사용 재료의 품질기준의 적부를 파악하고자 흙의 공학적 성질과 CBR값과의 상관관계를 분석 검토하였다. 영동지역 건설공사시 실시한 토질시험 자료를 토대로 No.200체 통과율, 액성한계 및 다짐특성과 CBR값과의 관계를 분석하여 상관관계식을 구하였고, 점성토에 대하여 No.200체 통과율 및 활성도와 팽창비의 관계를 분석하여 토질별 상관관계식을 제시하므로서 도로포장 계획 및 설계를 수립하는데 필요한 자료를 제공하고자 한다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.399-402
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• 2003

A female unknown aged Yorkshire terrier, weighing 3.5 kg with nasal discharge, left facial swelling and severe inflammation was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University. Radiographic findings were lytic change and soft tissue swelling of left zygomatic process and increased radiopacity of nasal cavity. In computed tomography, turbinate bone destruction was observed as well as lytic change of left zygomatic process and left maxilla indicating aggressive lesion. Then 3-dimensional reconstruction was also performed. Biopsy of tissue mass revealed it as squamous cell carcinoma. For this patient, euthanasia was performed guarded prognosis. Generally, tumors of the nasal cavity in dogs account for approximately 1 % to 2% of all neoplasms. The prevalence of these tumors increased with age and exposure to the ultraviolet. About two thirds of all nasal tumors are malignant tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. As these tumors of nasal cavity are locally invasive, and external beam radiotherapy is the current treatment of choice. Unfortunately, diagnosis of these tumors often occurs late in the course of disease, resulting in a poor prognosis for outcome in many patients. It is considered that computed tomography could be used as an aid modality for the exact evaluation of extend and degree of bone lysis of nasal cavity and metastasis.