• 제목/요약/키워드: swelling degree

검색결과 262건 처리시간 0.027초

Drug Release from Ph-sensitive Interpenetrating Polymer Net-works Hydrogel Based on Poly(ethylene glycol) Macromer and Poly (acrylic acid)Prepared by UV Cured Method

  • Kim, In-Sook;Kim, Sung-Ho;Cho, Chong-Su
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.18-22
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    • 1996
  • Acrylate-terminated poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) macromer was prepared by the reaction of PEG with acryloyl chloride. Photopolymerization of PEG macromer resulted in the formation of cross-linked PEG network. Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on PEG and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was obtained via template polymerization of AA to the PEG network by UV curing. The swelling degree of the IPNs hydrogel increased with an increase of pH value due to the association-dissociation between carboxylic acid of PAA and either of PEG through hydrogen bounding. The swelling-deswelling behavior proceeded reversibly for the IPNs upon changing pH. Release of indomethacin from the IPNs demonstrated "on-off" regulation with pH fluctuation.

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Influence of Chlorine Treatment on Measurement of Crosslink Density of Wiper Blade

  • Son, Chae Eun;Choi, Sung-Seen
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • 제55권3호
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    • pp.229-234
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    • 2020
  • Automobile wiper blades are generally treated with chlorine to lower their friction coefficient with the windshield surface. This treatment could affect the crosslink density measurement of rubber vulcanizates, a material used in windshield wipers, which would consequently alter its chemical and physical properties. Therefore, this study evaluated the influence of chlorination on crosslink density measurements of natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates using a vehicle wiper blade. A method for determining the degree of chlorination was developed where the interaction parameter between the rubber and the swelling solvent was corrected. A decrease in the rubber sample swelling ratio was observed upon chlorination, and the chlorination penetrated less than 1% of the sample thickness. The chlorinated NR was assumed to be chloroprene rubber (CR), which was used to correct the interaction parameter. The results showed the CR contributed approximately 7% to the parameter.

락타이드로 가교시킨 히아루론산 막의 특성 (Characterization of Hyaluronic Acid Membrane Cross-linked with Lactide)

  • 권지영;정성일
    • 폴리머
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    • 제29권6호
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    • pp.599-604
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    • 2005
  • 생체적합성이 우수한 히아루론산과 생분해성이 우수한 폴리락타이드의 이량체인 락타이드를 결합하여 인체내에서 분해속도를 조절할 수 있는 생체적합성이 우수한 생체재료를 제조하였다. 냉동 건조법을 이용하여 히아루론산과 락타이드를 가교제 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopnpyl) carbodiimide(EDC)로 가교시켰다. 생성된 막을 핵자기 공명분광법으로 분석하여 젖산기 반응도와 EDC 반응도를 결정하였다. 히아루론산에 대한 락타이드의 몰비가 5부터 13까지 증가함에 따라 젖산기 반응도와 EDC 반응도는 증가하였다. 몰비가 커서 젖산기가 많이 첨가되면 팽윤도는 감소하고 취성이 강해졌다. 또 가교제 농도를 증가시키거나 가교 온도를 감소시키면 젖산기가 더욱 첨가되어 팽윤도는 감소하고 탄성률은 증가하였다. 서로 다른 가교도를 가진 막에 대해 약물 방출 실험을 한 결과 막의 가교도가 증가함에 따라 약물의 투과도는 감소하였다. 몰비가 커 젖산기가 많이 첨가된 고분자일수록 늦게 분해되었다. 몰비, 온도, 가교제 농도 등의 운전 변수를 조절하여 막의 기계적 물성과 분해 속도가 적절히 조절될 수 있었다.

이온도입과 음파영동이 Dexamethasone의 경피침투에 미치는 영향 (A Study on Effects of Iontophoresis and Phonophoresis on Transdermal Transport of Dexamethasone)

  • 전경희;박래준;권원안
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.191-201
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    • 2000
  • This study was investigated the effects of a direct current and ultrasound on transdermal transport of dexamethasone into the rabbits which had contusion in the thigh. Each group was treated under the tallowing conditions. 1. EXP group I : $10\%$ dexamethasone ointment and ultrasound 2. EXP group II : $1\%$aqueous solution of dexamethasone and iontophoresis 3. EXP group III : the application of $10\%$ dexamethasone ointment 4. Control group : No treatment The degree of anti-inflammation was evaluated by the naked eye, the change in girth of thigh, and a light microscope. The results were as follows. 1.8y the naked eye. an inflammation sign was seen in all groups and especially. symptoms of redness. heat swelling were prominent in EXP group I. 2. In comparision in the change of girth of thigh, only EXP group II showed no significant change. Therefore, it meant that there was effective anti-inflammatory reaction in EXP group II. 3. The infiltration of inflammation cells, the degree of swelling, and the degree of crosslinking of connective tissues were evaluated with a light microscope. As a result, EXP group II showed the most effective anti-inflammatory reaction. And, in order of EXP group III, control group, the effect of anti-inflammation reaction was decreased. 4. EXP group I showed more intensive inflammation than control group.

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지하수로부터 붕소이온 분리를 위한 아민화 PP-g-styrene 이온교환체 섬유의 합성과 붕소 음이온 흡착에 관한 연구 (Synthesis of Aminated PP-g-styrene Fibrous Ion-Exchanger for Separation of Boron from Ground-Water)

  • 황택성;이진혁;이면주
    • 폴리머
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.451-459
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    • 2001
  • 스티렌 단량체를 E-beam 전조사법에 의해 폴리프로필렌 섬유에 그라프트 반응시켜 PP-g-styrene 공중합체를 제조한 후 클로로메틸화 반응과 아민화 반응을 통하여 아민형 이온교환수지를 합성하였다. 공중합체의 그라프트율은 스티렌 단량체의 농도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 스티렌 단량체의 농도가 80% 일때 118%로 최대치를 나타내었다. Mohr's salt와 황산의 최적 농도는 1.0 ${\times}\;10^{-3}$ M 과 0.1M 로 나타났다. 아민화율은 그라프트율이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 합성한 아민형 이온교환체의 팽윤율은 기재보다 높게 나타났으며 이온교환용량은 6.7 meq/g으로 상용 이온교환수지에 비하여 3배 정도의 수치를 나타내었다. 붕소이온흡착의 최적 조건은 pH 4에서 나타났으며, 붕소이온 흡착량은 아민화율이 증가할수록 증가하였다.

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Antibiotics in third molar surgery, justifiable or not?

  • Alrashdan, Mohammad S.;Park, Jong-Chul;Lee, Ju-Hwan;Yoo, Myung-Sook;Pang, Kang-Mi;Kim, Soung-Min;Lee, Jong-Ho
    • Journal of Korean Dental Science
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.46-52
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    • 2009
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance of antibiotics in reducing postoperative infection rates and other complications following third molar surgery. Patients and methods : Two groups of patients underwent surgical extraction of third molars. The antibiotics group, n=21, received a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic for 5 days, starting from the day of surgery. The non-antibiotics group, n=26, didn't receive any antibiotics and only received analgesics to control postoperative pain. Body temperature and hematologic findings including WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes counts were compared between the two groups at three intervals, preoperatively, 24 hours and 7-10 days postoperatively. Pain and swelling during the follow up period were also recorded in both groups and compared in the second part of the study. Results : In the first part of the study, comparison of body temperature, CBC components (except WBCs) showed no significant difference between the two groups during the follow up period. All parameters were within the normal range at all intervals, which indicated absence of infection. In the second part, 38% of patients in the antibiotic group, compared to 54% of the non-antibiotics group, had one or more complications during the follow up period. However, three patients from the antibiotic group compared to one from the nonantibiotics group reported having a swelling of some degree. Conclusion : Based on our objective parameters (body temperature and CBC components), both groups showed no signs of infection during the follow up period. However, the results related to pain and swelling were less conclusive, probably due to small number of patients included in the study. Accordingly, we are unable to provide definite recommendations on antibiotics use in third molar surgery.

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히드록실아민과 히드라진 처리에 의한 폴리아크릴로니트릴 필름의 개질 (Modification of Polyacrylonitrile Films by Hydroxylamine and Hydrazine Treatment)

  • 박희정;김영호
    • 폴리머
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    • 제39권3호
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    • pp.394-402
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    • 2015
  • 폴리아크릴로니트릴(PAN) 필름에 히드록실아민(HA)을 반응시켜 히드록시기와 아민기를 생성시키고, 히드라진으로 처리하여 가교결합을 도입시키는 방법을 검토하였다. HA와 히드라진을 각각 처리하거나 2단계 또는 동시 처리하여 개질시킨 PAN 시료들의 반응도, 물 및 N,N'-디메틸포름아미드(DMF) 팽윤도, FTIR 스펙트럼, 원소함량, 열분석 결과들을 분석하여 효율적으로 기능기와 가교결합을 도입시키는 방법을 제시하였다. PAN 필름은 HA와의 반응에 의해 기능기가 도입되고 친수성이 향상되지만 형태안정성이 감소하며, 히드라진 처리에 의해 DMF 팽윤도가 감소한다. 히드라진 및 HA를 2단계로 처리하면 형태안정성은 향상되지만 기능기 도입이 어려워지고, 히드라진과 HA를 동시에 처리하면 형태안정성과 친수성을 효율적으로 향상시킬 수 있다.

Effect of Zhongyi paste on inflammatory pain in mice by regulation of the extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2-cyclooxygenase-2-prostaglandin E2 pathway

  • Xiao, Ailan;Wu, Chuncao;Kuang, Lei;Lu, Weizhong;Zhao, Xin;Kuang, Zhiping;Hao, Na
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.335-343
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    • 2020
  • Background: Zhongyi paste is a traditional Chinese medicine herbal paste that is externally applied to reduce inflammation and relieve pain. Methods: An acute foot swelling inflammation model in C57BL/6J mice was established by carrageenan-induced pathogenesis. Zhongyi paste raised the pain threshold and also reduced the degree of swelling in mice with carrageenan-induced foot swelling. Results: Analysis indicated that serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) cytokine levels and PGE2 levels in the paw tissue of the mice were decreased by Zhongyi paste treatment. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot results showed that Zhongyi paste downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and also downregulated the mRNA expression of PGE2. At the same time, the Zhongyi paste exerted a stronger effect as an external drug than that of indomethacin, which is an oral drug, and voltaren, which is an externally applied drug. Conclusions: Our results indicated that Zhongyi paste is a very effective drug to reduce inflammatory swelling of the foot, and its mechanism of action is related to regulation of the ERK1/2-COX-2-PGE2 pathway.

Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (HPC)를 이용하여 제조한 Cholesteric Gels : HPC와 가교제의 분자특성이 Cholesteric Pitch와 팽윤거동에 미치는 영향 (Cholesteric Gels form Hydroxypropyl Cellulose(HPC) : Effect of Molecular Characteristics of HPC and Crosslinking Agent on Cholesteric Pitch and Swelling Behavior)

  • 김경희;정승용;마영대
    • 폴리머
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.545-557
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    • 2001
  • Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)를 이용하여 제조한 메탄올의 유방성 용액에 두 종류의 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides (succinyl chloride 와 suberoyl chloride)를 첨가하여 주형시킴에 의해 cholesteric 질서를 지닌 가교필름들을 제조하였다. 가교필름의 cholesteric pitch의 온도의존성과 물과 메탄올중에서의 가교필름의 팽윤거동을 검토하였다. 필름들은 cholesteric 액정상의 특징적인 지문조직을 나타내었으며 이들의 pitch는 HPC 자체와 동일하게 온도가 상승함에 따라 증가하였다. 그러나 모든 가교시료들은 주어진 온도하에서 HPC가 나타내는 pitch에 비해 대단히 크며 가교제의 농도 및 길이의 증가에 의해 증가하였다. 가교시료들은 두 용매중에서 이방성 팽윤을 나타냈다. 이방성 팽윤의 정도는 용매와 가교제의 종류에 다소 의존하나 검토된 가교제의 농도에는 거의 의존하지 않았다.

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Hydroxypropyl Cellulose의 Acrylic Acid Ester들을 광가교에 의해 제조한 Cholesteric 겔들의 광학 및 팽윤 성질 (Optical and Swelling Properties of Photocrosslinked Cholesteric Gels Based on Acrylic Acid Esters of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose)

  • 정승용;최정훈;마영대
    • 폴리머
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.523-534
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    • 2002
  • 약 60-$130^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 cholesteric 반사색깔을 나타내는 새로운 히드록시프로필셀룰로오스 (HPC)와 에스테르화도 (DE)가 1-3 범위의 값을 갖는 HPC의 아크릴산 에스테르들 (ESs)을 제조하였다. 또한 DE가 2 이상인 ESs가 $50^{\circ}C$에서 나타내는 열방성 cholesteric 상에 UV광을 조사시킴에 의해 광학 pitch ($\lambda_m$)가 전 가시광 파장영역에 존재하는 ES 가교필름들을 제조하였다. 미가교와 가교시료들에 대한 열 및 광학 특성과 아세톤 중에서의 가교필름의 팽윤거동을 검토 하였다. HPC 자체와 동일하게 ESs의 $\lambda_m$은 온도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 그러나 동일한 온도에서 나타내는 $\lambda_m$은 ES가 HPC에 비해 크며 ES의 $\lambda_m$은 DE가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 가교시료들의 $\lambda_m$의 온도의존성은 ESs에 비해 대단히 약하였다. 또한, ESs는 DE가 증가함에 따라 낮은 액정상에서 등방상의 액체로의 전이온도를 나타내는 것과는 판이하게, 가교물질들은 액체상으로의 전이를 일으키지 않으며 약 $210^{\circ}C$에서 분해가 일어나는 것으로 나타났다. 가교필름들은 이방성 팽윤을 나타내었으며, 이러한 사실은 ES분자들간에 2차원적인 가교가 우선적으로 일어남을 시사한다.