• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
• /
• pp.617-629
• /
• 2003

A recent development in cosmetics has been the pursuit of wrinkling in the skin. The cosmetics composed of anti-wrinkle agent stand out from the point of view of environmental contamination and pollution. Among them, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), studied with wrinkling pigmentation and swelling conditions in the area of the eye, showed clinically significant reduction in depth of lines during one month trial using skin treatment. But, IAA has shown some problems when used in cosmetic formulations, such as stability, permeability and toxicity. The results of the clinical examination were shown that its permeability and toxicity didn't matter. To increase the stability of IAA, antioxidants such as Licorice, ubiquinone, tocopherol, Baicalin, ferulic acid, BHT, ascorbic acid, sodium metabisulfite, and so on were employed in cosmetic formulations. Our main purpose is the study for the stability efficiency and effect of each other of cream formulations containing optimal dosage antioxidants (o/w type emulsion), This study evaluated wrinkle reduction effect of IAA, which is used in cosmetics.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.279-285
• /
• 2006

Thirty dairy cows with pododermatitis were selected and treatment effect of ozone ointment for bovine pododermatitis was investigated. In addition, bactericidal effect of ozone ointment on etiological agent of bovine pododermatitis was evaluated. The pathohistological examination for the pododermatitis, according to application with ozone ointment was investigated. Thirty dairy cows were divided two groups: control group(vaseline group: 15 cows), treatment group(ozone ointment group: 15 cows). Various parameters were evaluated in terms of the lameness score, swelling score, lesion score, WBC, neutrophil, pathohistological finding, and antimicrobial action. As compared with vaseline group, ozone ointment group revealed significant decrease of lameness(p<0.05), swelling(p<0.01) and lesion score(p<0.05) were shown in hoof lesions on 14 days after application. In hematological findings, WBC count revealed slightly high values within normal range before treatment, however, this was 1Corresponding author improved on 14 days after application of ozone ointment. The number of neutrophils was slightly higher than that of normal, however, this was improved on 14 days after application of ozone ointment. In pathohistological findings, normal dermal tissue was found in tissues with pododermatitis on 14 days after application of ozone ointment. In antimicobial action, marked decrease rate of bacteria was observed in feet of all cases treated with ozone ointment. The decreasing rate of bacteria in anaerobic culture was higher than that in aerobic culture.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.272-278
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to determine therapeutic the effect of ozonated water therapy on bovine pododermatitis. In addition, bactericidal effect of ozonated water on etiological agent of bovine pododermatitis was examined. The pathohistological examination for the pododermatitis, according to application with ozonated water and ozone ointment was investigated. Thirty healthy cattle were divided two groups(each of 15) : control group(povidone group), treatment group(ozone solution group). Various parameters were evaluated in terms of the lameness score, swelling score, lesion score, WBC count, neutrophil count, pathohistological finding, and antimicrobial action. The decrease of lameness and lesion score were shown in hoof lesions on 14 days after application of ozonated water. Significant decrease of swelling was shown in hoof lesions on 14 days 1Corresponding author after application of ozonated water(p<0.01). In hematological findings, WBC count revealed values within normal range. The number of neutrophils was slightly higher than that of normal, however, this was improved on 14 days after application of ozonated water. In pathohistological findings, recovery was rapid macroscopically and microscopically in the treatment with ozonated water on the hoof lesions and ozonated water was effective. In antimicobial action, bactericidal effect was observed in treatment with ozonated water on the hoof lesions and ozonated water was effective.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.434-441
• /
• 2010

콘크리트 제조 시 사용되는 잉여수를 흡수하기 위하여 흡수성의 sodium polyacrylate(PAANa)를 역유화중합법으로 제조하였다. 연속상은 paraffin liquid를 사용하였으며 acrylic acid(AA)는 NaOH로 중화시켜 사용하였다. 가교제는 N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide(MBA)를 사용하였고 첨가량을 다르게 하여 중합을 실시하였다. 중합된 PAANa들의 입자크기 분석을 실시하고 이들이 탈이온수, 시멘트 포화수용액 및 $Ca(OH)_2$ 수용액에서의 팽윤비를 측정하였다. $Ca^{2+}$ 이온과 PAANa의 상호작용을 관찰하기 위하여 FTIR spectroscopy 분석을 실시하였다. 중합된 PAANa를 포틀랜드 시멘트에 1 wt% 혼합 후 시멘트 모르타르 공시체의 압축강도와 휨강도를 측정한 결과, AA에 대하여 0.15 mol%의 MBA를 첨가하여 중합한 PAANa를 첨가하여 제조한 PAANa-시멘트가 일반 포틀랜드 시멘트와 비교하여 압축강도 약 30% 및 휨강도 약 10%가 각각 증가함을 확인하였다.

• Korean Membrane Journal
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.36-47
• /
• 2000

This paper deals with the separation of MTBE-methanol mixtures using crosslinked Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) membranes with sulfur-succinic acid(SSA) as a crosslinking agent by pervaporation and vapor permeation technique. The operating temperatures, methanol concentration in feed mixtures, and SSA concentrations in PVA membranes were varied to investigate the separation performance of PVA/SSA membranes and the optimum separation characteristics by pervaporation and vapor permeation. And also, for PVA/SSA membranes, the swelling measurements were carried out to study the transport phenomena. The swelling measurements were carried out for pure MTBE and methanol, and MTBE/methanol=90/10, 80/20 mixtures using PVA/SSA membranes with varying SSA compositions. There are two factors of the membrane network and the hydrogen bonding. In pervaporation separation was also carried out for MTBE/methanol=90/10, 80/20 mixtures at various temperatures. The sulfuric acid group in SSA took an important role in the membrane performance. The crosslinking effect might be over the hydrogen bonding effect due to the sulfuric acid group at 3 and 5% SSA membranes, and this two factors act vice versa on 7% SSA membrane. In this case, the 5% SSA membrane shows the highest separation factor of 2,095 with the flux of 12.79g/㎡$.$hr for MTBE/methanol=80/20 mixtures at 30$^{\circ}C$ which this mixtures show near the azeotopic composition. Compared to pervaporation, vapor permeation showed less flux and similar separation factor. In this case, the flux decreased significantly because of compact structure and the effect of hydrogen bonding. In vapor permeation, density or concentration of methanol in vaporous feed is lower than that of methanol in liquid feed, as a result, the hydrogen bonding portion between the solvent and the hydroxyl group in PVA is reduced in vapor permeation. In this case, the 7% SSA membranes shows the highest separation factor of 2,187 with the flux of 4.84g/㎡$.$hr for MTBE/methanol=80/20 mixtures at 30$^{\circ}C$.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2014

대부분 군사용 초음속 전투기는 후기 연소기를 사용한다. 후기 연소기는 초음속 비행, 이륙, 전투 상황에 대해 비상 임무 수행을 가능하게 하는 중요한 역할을 한다. 최근 전투기 J85-GE-21 터보제트 엔진 후기 연소기 연료펌프의 내부 피스톤 패킹고무에서 반복적인 연료 누출 결함이 발생하였다. 이러한 결함은 두 제조사 중 한 제조사의 부품에서만 발생하였다. 따라서, 결함발생 원인을 제조사가 상이한 정상품 및 결함품에 대하여 다양한 비교 분석방법을 통하여 조사하였다. 결함분석에는 팽윤 또는 팽윤도, 총 황함량, 폴리머 확인, 카본블랙 함량 및 표면적, 경도와 같은 분석방법이 적용되었다. 결론적으로, 반복적인 연료 누출 결함의 주요 원인은 보강제 카본블랙의 함량 미달로 확인되었으며, 더불어 표면적이 작은 카본블랙과 함량이 낮은 황 적용이 결함원인에 부가적인 영향을 준 것으로 확인되었다.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• 제53권3호
• /
• pp.175-180
• /
• 2018

Solution-styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) composites were manufactured using four kinds of fillers: silica-silane coated carbon black (SC-CB) hybrid, starch-SC-CB hybrid, pure silica, and pure starch. The influence of filler type on the mechanical properties of the rubber matrix was studied in this work. SC-CB was prepared by silane-graft-coating using vinyl triethoxy silane and carbon black, which enhanced the dispersion effect between the rubber matrix and the filler, and improved the mechanical properties of the compounds. The morphology of the composites was observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The thermal decomposition behavior of the composites was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the crosslinking behavior of the composites was tested using a rubber process analyzer (RPA). The hardness, tensile strength, swelling ratio, and gas transmittance rate of the composites were evaluated according to ASTM. The test results revealed that with the addition of SC-CB, the hybrid fillers, especially those blended with silica, showed a better reinforcement effect, the highest hardness and tensile strength, and stable thermal decomposition behavior. This implies that the silica-SC-CB hybrid filler has a notable mechanical reinforcement effect on the SSBR matrix. Because of self-crosslinking during its synthesis, the starch-SC-CB hybrid filler produced the most dense matrix, which improved the anti-gas transmittance property. The composites with the hybrid fillers had better anti-swelling properties as compared to the neat SSBR composite, which was due to the hydrophilicity of silica and starch.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.36-36
• /
• 1992

This paper deals with the separation of MTBE-methanol mixtures using crosslinked Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) membranes with sulfur-succinic acid(SSA) as a crosslinking agent by pervaporation and vapor permeation technique. The operating temperatures, methanol concentration in feed mixtures, and SSA concentrations in PVA membranes were varied to investigate the separation performance of PVA/SSA membranes and the optimum separation characteristics by pervaporation and vapor permeation. And also, for PVA/SSA membranes, the swelling measurements were carried out to study the transport phenomena. The swelling measurements were carried out for pure MTBE and methanol, and MTBE/methanol=90/10, 80/20 mixtures using PVA/SSA membranes with varying SSA compositions. There are two factors of the membrane network and the hydrogen bonding. In pervaporation separation was also carried out for MTBE/methanol=90/10, 80/20 mixtures at various temperatures. The sulfuric acid group in SSA took an important role in the membrane performance. The crosslinking effect might be over the hydrogen bonding effect due to the sulfuric acid group at 3 and 5% SSA membranes, and this two factors act vice versa on 7% SSA membrane. In this case, the 5% SSA membrane shows the highest separation factor of 2,095 with the flux of 12.79g/㎡·hr for MTBE/methanol=80/20 mixtures at 30℃ which this mixtures show near the azeotopic composition. Compared to pervaporation, vapor permeation showed less flux and similar separation factor. In this case, the flux decreased significantly because of compact structure and the effect of hydrogen bonding. In vapor permeation, density or concentration of methanol in vaporous feed is lower than that of methanol in liquid feed, as a result, the hydrogen bonding portion between the solvent and the hydroxyl group in PVA is reduced in vapor permeation. In this case, the 7% SSA membranes shows the highest separation factor of 2,187 with the flux of 4.84g/㎡·hr for MTBE/methanol=80/20 mixtures at 30℃.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2005

생체 적합성이 우수한 히아루론산과 생분해성이 우수한 폴리 락타이드의 모노머를 결합하여 인체내에서 분해속도를 조절할 수 있는 생체적합성이 우수한 생체 재료를 제조하고자 하였다. 냉동 건조법을 이용하여 히아루론산과 폴리락타이드의 모노머인 젖산 또는 이량체인 락타이드를 가교제 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide로 가교시켰다. 생성된 막을 적외선 흡수 분광법으로 분석한 결과 에스테르 결합이 생성됨을 확인하였고, 핵자기 공명 분광법으로 분석하여 이 에스테르 결합이 젖산의 반응 참여에 의한 것임을 확인하였다. 젖산과 히아루론산의 몰비를 1부터 10까지 증가시키면서 가교시킨 결과 젖산의 전화율(6∼32%)과 가교도(4∼l9%)는 증가하였으나, 반응에 참여한 젖산이 가교되는 선택도는 몰비에 관계없이 62% 정도로 일정하였다. 몰비가 커서 젖산이 많이 첨가되면 취성은 강해졌으나 생분해 속도는 빨라졌으며, 팽윤도는 500에서 2000% 범위의 값을 보였다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제58권5호
• /
• pp.343-348
• /
• 2014

In the present studies, we examined effect of chamomile flowers extract (CH-Ex), which has traditionally been used as antiphlogistics in Europe for many centuries, against Candida albicans-caused septic arthritis. Candida albicans is a major etiological agent among fungal septic arthritis. This effect was investigated in a murine model of the septic arthritis. That is, mice that were given an emulsion form of C. albicans cell wall (CACW) via footpad route were treated intraperitoneally with the CH-Ex for 3 times every 3 days. Degrees of the footpad-swellings were measured with dial gauger. Data showed that the CH-Ex resulted in the reduction of swelling. For instance, at Day 9 when swelling reached the highest peak, there was up to app. 60% reduction of edema in mice injected with the CH-Ex, compared to that of the control mice that received no treatment (P<0.05). This therapeutic anti-arthritic activity appeared to be mediated by inhibitions of NO (nitric oxide) production from activated RAW264.7 macrophages and proliferation of Con A-treated T lymphocytes. Analysis by HPLC revealed that the CH-Ex contained eight polyphenolic compounds including chlorogenic acid (CRA) and rutin. We have reported the CRA and rutin respectively have the anti-arthritic activity. This correlation implicates that CRA and rutin in the CH-Ex may be responsible for the activity. Combined all together, the CH-Ex has anti-arthritic activity against C. albicans-caused septic arthritis, possibly by inhibiting NO production and proliferation of T cells. This activity seems to be contributed by, at least, CRA and rutin among the compounds in the CH-Ex.