• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1837-1843
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• 2017

Knowledge of avian host responses to brucellosis is critical to understanding how birds resist this infection; however, this mechanism is not well established. On the other hand, temperature has a major involvement in the physiology of living organisms, and cell death induced by heat is attributed to protein denaturation. This study demonstrates the direct bactericidal effect of a high temperature ($41^{\circ}C$) on Brucella abortus that resulted in the gradual reduction of intracellular bacteria and inhibited bacterial growth within avian macrophage HD11 in an increasing period of time. On the other hand, this study also revealed that high temperature does not affect the rate of bacterial uptake, as confirmed by the bacterial adherence assay. No significant difference was observed in the expression of target genes between infected and uninfected cells for both temperatures. This study suggests the susceptibility of B. abortus to bacterial death under a high temperature with an increased period of incubation, leading to suppression of bacterial growth.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.446-449
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• 1998

에리스리톨을 설탕 대체 감미료 소재로 사용하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 치석의 원인균인 S. mutans KCTC 3065와 치아 부식의 원인균인 L. acidophillus를 이용하여 난충치성 시험을 하였고 기타 생리 특성으로 젖산균을 이용한 발효성 시험 그리고 마우스를 이용한 소장 내성력 시험을 주로 설탕, 크실리톨, 소르비톨과 비교 평가하였다. 치석을 형성하는 S. mutans KCTC 3065와 치아를 부식시키는 L. acidophillus를 이용한 감미료들의 충치 유발 효과 시험에서 크실리톨과 에리스리톨은 다른 감미료에 비해 뚜렷한 충치 예방 효과를 보였다. 감미료들의 젓산균을 이용한 발효성 시험에서 에리스리톨은 가장 낮은 당이용성을 나타내었다. 마우스를 그룹당 10마리를 사용하여 설사 유발 한계량 조사를 실시한 결과 체중 1 kg당 에리스리톨은 1500 mg, 크실리톨은 1500 mg 소르비톨은 1000 mg 강제 경구 투여시 부터 설사를 유발하기 시작하였다. 따라서 에리스리톨은 크실리톨과 같이 뚜렷한 난충치성으로 인하여 충치 예방용 감미료로서 뛰어난 특성과 미생물 증식 억제가 필요한 식품에 적합한 감미료임이 확인되었으며 또한 에리스리톨의 사용 한계로 고려되는 설사 유발 농도도 크실리톨과 같고 소르비톨보다 높아 소장 내성력에 있어서는 안전한 대체 감미료임을 알 수있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.314-322
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• 2009

Four different bacterial colonies were isolated from an old stock of an entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema monticolum. They all showed entomopathogenicity to final instar larvae of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, by hemocoelic injection. However, they varied in colony form, susceptibility to antibiotics, and postmortem change of the infected host insects. Biolog microbial identification and 16S rDNA sequence analyses indicate that these are four different species classified into different bacterial genera. Owing to high entomopathogenicity and a cadaver color of infected insect host, Serratia sp. was selected as a main symbiotic bacterial species and analyzed for its pathogenicity. Although no virulence of Serratia sp. was detected at oral administration, the bacteria gave significant synergistic pathogenicity to fifth instar S. exigua when it was treated along with a spore-forming entomopathogenic bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis. The synergistic effect was explained by an immunosuppressive effect of Serratia sp. by its high cytotoxic effect on hemocytes of S. exigua, because Serratia sp. caused septicemia of S. exigua when the bacterial cells were injected into S. exigua hemocoel. The cytotoxic factor(s) was present in the culture medium because the sterilized culture broth possessed high potency in the cytotoxicity, which was specific to granular cells and plasmatocytes, two main immune-associated hemocytes in insects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.16-18
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• 2002

During the process of freezing, spermatozoa suffer cold shock which increases their susceptibility to lipid peroxidation which plays an important role in ageing of spermatozoa, shortening their life span and affecting the preservation of semen. An experiment was therefore conducted to study the effect of addition of natural antioxidants into semen diluents on the preservability of buffalo semen. Split semen samples were extended in milk egg yolk diluents fortified with vitamin E (MYE), vitamin C (MYC) and control group (MYO); Tris-egg yolk diluents fortified with vitamin E (TYE), vitamin C (TYC) and control group (TYO) and evaluated for their preservabilities at 4-7$^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$. Overall least squares mean of percent motility observed after 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of preservation at 4-7$^{\circ}C$ were 66.70, 54.00, 36.80, 21.90 and 12.50, respectively while the estimates for semen extended in MYE, MYC, MYO, TYE, TYC and TYO were 44.80, 42.70, 38.70, 36.00, 35.20 and 33.00 percent, respectively. The results showed that motility was significantly (p<0.01) affected by extender (extender-antioxidant combination) and preservation interval. Overall least squares mean percent motility observed after 0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h of preservation at $37^{\circ}C$ were 68.50, 58.90, 45.00, 38.10 and 18.10 percent, respectively, while the estimates for semen extended in MYE, MYC, MYO, TYE, TYC and TYO were 48.20, 49.30, 46.80, 45.30, 42.30 and 42.50 percent, respectively. Extender and storage interval were found to be significantly (p<0.01) affecting spermatozoa motility on room temperature preservation. The results indicated that the incorporation of antioxidants, especially vitamin E, had beneficial effect on preservability of buffalo semen.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3253-3260
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• 2014

Background: A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the effect of household exposure, dietary habits, smoking and Glutathione S-Transferases M1, T1 polymorphisms on lung cancer among women in Mizoram, India. Materials and Methods: We selected 230 newly diagnosed primary lung cases and 460 controls from women in Mizoram. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate adjusted odds ratio (OR). Results: Exposure of cooking oil fumes (p<0.003), wood as heating source for cooking (p=0.004), kitchen inside living room (p=0.001), improper ventilated house (p=0.003), roasting of soda in kitchen (p=0.001), current smokers of tobacco (p=0.043), intake of smoked fish (p=0.006), smoked meat (p=0.001), Soda (p<0.001) and GSTM1 null genotype (p=0.003) were significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer among women in Mizoram. Significantly protective effect was observed for intake of bamboo shoots (p=<0.001) and egg (p<0.001). A clear increase in dose response gradient was observed for total cooking dish years. Risk for lung cancer tends to increase with collegial effect of indoor environmental sources (p=0.022). Significant correlation was also observed for interaction of GST polymorphisms with some of dietary habits. Conclusions: We confirmed the important role of exposure of cooking oil emission and wood smoke, intake of smoked meat, smoked fish and soda (an alkali preparation used as food additives in Mizoram) and tobacco consumption for increase risk of lung cancer among Women in Mizoram.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 1998

닭와포자충 감염이 다른 병원체에 대한 닭의 체액성 면역에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 2일령 SPF 병아리에 $5{\;}{\times}10^5$의 닭와포자충 오오시스트를 한 번에 경구투여한 다음 4일과 21일 두 번에 걸척 뉴캣슬병 불활화 (사독) 백신을 접종하였다. 오오시스트 접종 후 2주부터 1주 간격으로 13주까지 채혈하여 혈구응집억제반응으로 ND HI $log_2$ 역가를 경시적으로 측정하여 대조군과 비교, 검토하였다. 일반적으로 뉴캣슬병 바이러스에 대한 Hl가는 전 실험기간을 통하여 대조군에 비하여 실험군이 상당히 낮았으며 (p<0.01), 보다 빨리 음전하는 경향이었다. 백신의 보강주사 후 역가는 점점 높아져서 2주 ($5.00(\;}{\pm}{\;}0$; 비감염 대조군)와 4주 ($3.88{\;}{\pm}{\;}0.6658$; 감염 실험군)에 최고치에 이른 다음 점점 낮아졌다. 한편, 분변 내의 오오시스트 배설 양상은 통상적인 감염례와 같았다. 이로 미루어 보아 병아리가 닭와포자충에 감염되면 건강한 병아리에 비하여 뉴캣슬병 바이러스에 대한 면역억제 현상이 일어나 감수성이 증가할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1415-1419
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 식물병원성 미생물들인 잿빛곰팡이와 Agrobacterium rhizogenes의 전자선에 대한 감수성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 2 kGy의 전자선량이 잿빛곰팡이의 분생포자 및 Agrobacterium rhizgenes의 세포를 사멸시키는 데에 충분한 것으로 나타났다. 식물 종자의 전자선에 대한 저항성을 조사해 본 결과, 대파, 열무와 오이 종자는 2 kGy의 전자선 조사에서도 발아율이 전혀 영향을 받지 않았고, 쑥갓 종자의 경우에는 발아율에 있어서 근소한 감소를 보였다. 그러나 고추와 상추의 경우에는 전자선 조사에 대해서 대단히 약한 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 열무, 오이, 대파 및 쑥갓 종자의 경우에는 식물병원성 미생물의 살균에 필요한 2 kGy의 전자선량을 조사함으로써 발아율에 큰 영향을 미치지 않고 충분한 살균효과를 거둘 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 고추와 상추의 경우에는 전자선을 이용한 살균 방법은 사용하기 어려운 것으로 나타났다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1415-1423
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• 2007

Carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced liver injury depends on a toxic agent that has to be metabolized by the liver NAPDH-cytochrome P450 enzyme system to a highly reactive intermediate. Alternations in the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes affect the susceptibility to hepatic injury from $CCl_4$. In this study, we evaluated the potential protective activity of the traditional Korean medicinal herb, Corni fructus (CF), against an experimental model of hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$. The CF exhibited a hepatoprotective activity against $CCl_4-induced$ liver damage in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, as measured by GOT, GPT, ALP and histological observation. The CF also showed significant decrease of malodialdehyde (MDA) and increase of glutathion (GSH), catalase activity in rat liver homogenate. In addition, the expression of CYP2E1, as measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis, was significantly decreased in the liver of CF treated SD rats. But $CCl_4$ and CF has no significant effect on 1A1 and 3A1 isoform of cytochrome P450. Based on these findings, it is suggested that hepatoprotective effects of CF possibly related to antioxidative effects and regulation of CYP2E1 expression.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.203-206
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• 1998

닭에 있어서 닭와포자충 감염이 다른 중요 가금 질병에 대한 체액성 면역억제 현상을 규명하기 위해 2일령의 보통 병아리에 $2{\;}{\times}{\;}10^6$의 닭와포자충 난포낭을 한번에 경구 투여한 다음 4일과 14 일 두 번에 걸쳐 닭전염성기관지염 생독백신을 접종하여 1주 간격으로 혈구응집억제반응으로 항체 가를 측정하였다 감염 및 비감염군 모두 평균 항체가는 점점 낮아져 2차 예방접종 후 2주에 최저 에 이른 다음 점점 높아져 일정한 수준을 유지하였다. 일반적으로 평균 항체가는 비감염군에 비하 여 감염군이 의의있게 낮았다 (p<0.05). 한편, 이 두 병원체를 접종하지 않은 진정 대조군의 1일 령의 모체이행항체가 $log_2{\;}5.16{\;}{\pm}{\;}1.39$는 시간이 경과함에 따라 점점 낮아져 6주령에 이르러 완 전히 음전하였다. 이는 직선적인 변화를 하였으며, 주를 함수 (X)로 한 Y = -0.90X + 4.67의 일차방정식에 잘 부합하였으며, 실측치와 추정치와의 상관계수는 R = 0.9454이었다. 닭와포자충 감염 병아리는 건강한 것에 비하여 닭전염성기관지염 바이러스에 대한 면역억제현상이 일어나 아마도 감수성이 증가할 것으로 생각된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular diseases is a major cause of death and is responsible for 23.8% of deaths in Korea. Clinical symptoms manifest in adulthood, but susceptibility begins in utero. Elevated homocysteine levels and adiposity might be linked to a greater risk in children as well as adults. We hypothesized that those who have simultaneous risk for folate and adiposity would be affected with elevated homocysteine levels at 3 years of age. SUBJECTS/METHODS: From the ongoing birth cohort at Ewha Womans University Mok-Dong Hospital, we compared adiposity parameters, serum homocysteine, and folate levels in 238 children (118 boys and 120 girls) at three years of age. The relationship between birth outcome, current weight and body mass index (BMI), postnatal growth, and homocysteine level were assessed using correlation and general linear model. Additionally, we assessed the combined effect between blood folate status and adiposity on current homocysteine levels. RESULTS: Birth characteristics were not correlated with homocysteine. Current weight, BMI, upper-arm circumference, skinfold thickness, waist circumference, and hip circumference were positively correlated with homocysteine at three years of age (P < 0.05). Folate level was negatively correlated with homocysteine at three years of age (P < 0.0001). A relative high anthropometric measure which is compatible with adiposity and low folate level was associated with high homocysteine levels. CONCLUSION: We found a combined effect of adiposity and folate levels with homocysteine levels at three years of age. This implicates the beneficial role of folate supplementation in the high-risk population at an early age.