• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.241-255
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the moderating effect of children's negative emotionality on the relationship between maternal attitude toward children's emotional expression based on the differential susceptibility model. Methods: Participants were 216 preschool children including 116 boys and 100 girls from day care centers and preschools located in Chungchung province and Seoul. EAS was used to measure the children's negative emotionality. The children's empathy quotient was used to measure empathy. Mothers reported their attitude toward children's emotional expression. Results: The results revealed that the association between empathy and maternal suppression of children's emotional expression was significant only for the children with high levels of negative emotionality. Moreover, the magnitude of association between empathy and maternal acceptance of children's emotional expression was greater for high levels of negative emotionality. Conclusion/Implications: It was concluded that these findings supported the differential susceptibility model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.8
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• pp.109-122
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• 2016

This study is to explore the ways to increase the export performance of start-up companies, as opportunities are rising along with more companies entering the global market. Thus the study analyzed the factors affecting export performance of the start-up company by mainly looking at the international marketing capabilities of enterprises type of marketing strategy and internal environmental capabilities. The following were derived as factors for marketing 4P strategy: innovation of product, flexibility of export price, differentiation of distribution channels, diversity of promotional activities, and positive-ness of promotion. For internal capabilities of enterprises, innovation of CEO, initiative of CEO, risk susceptibility of CEO, information power of export market, and information power of competitor were derived as factors. Two types of performances were considered for export performance, financial and non-financial. Among innovation of product and risk susceptibility of CEO the non-financial performance of export performance, and only differentiation of distribution channels of marketing 4p strategy the financial performance. It showed that since performance was different depending on the entrepreneurship of the CEO, only innovative products differentiated from small and medium enterprises. risk susceptibility of CEO increased export outlook by corporate acknowledgment and image, creation of potential customers, and financial performance affected only differentiation in distribution channel rather than entrepreneurial spirit, information power, or organizational flexibility because of short business career and insufficient period enough to gain trust. Therefore, start-up companies need to improve their non-financial export performance by increasing innovation of product and risk susceptibility of the CEO. The companies need to widen the differentiation of distribution channels in the financial export performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 2009

Ecological risk assessment(ERA), developed in Australia, can be used to estimate the risk of target, bycatch and protected species from the effects of fishing using limited data for stock assessment. In this study, we employed the ERA approach to estimate risks to tunas, billfishes, sharks, sea turtles and other species by the Korean tuna longline fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean using productivity and susceptibility analyses of the ERA based on low(<1.30), medium(1.30-1.84) and high risk(>1.84). Albacore, bigeye, yellowfin, skipjack and bluefin tunas were generally evaluated in the medium risk. The susceptibility of tuna species, however, had higher risks than the productivity. Billfishes were also at medium risk, while sharks were at high risk by the tuna longline fishery. The risk of productivity was generally high, because most sharks caught by the tuna longline fishery have high longevities, i.e., over 10 years, including ovoviviparous species. Susceptibility, which is related with the selection of fishing gear, was also high, because the longline fishery has no gear modifications to prevent bycatch of protected species. Not only target tuna species were influenced by the tuna longline fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean, but also nontarget species, such as pomfret, mackerels rays, sea turtle were done. Ecosystem-based fishery assessment tools, such as productivity and susceptibility analysis(PSA), have the ability to provide broad scientific advice to the policy makers and stakeholders.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3267-3271
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• 2014

Background: Several studies have investigated the association between methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G polymorphism and breast cancer risk, but controversial results were yielded. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to provide a more robust estimate of the effect of this polymorphism on susceptibility to breast cancer. Materials and Methods:Case-control studies investigating the relationship between MTRR A66G polymorphism and breast cancer risk were included by searching PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Database. Either fixed-effects or random-effects models were applied to calculate odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by RevMan5.2 software. Results: A total of 9 studies bearing 7,097 cases and 7,710 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The results were that the combined ORs and 95%CIs of MTRR 66AG, GG, (AG+GG) genotypes were 0.98(0.91-1.05), 1.06(0.97-1.16) and 1.02(0.94-1.10), respectively with p=0.52, 0.19 and 0.65. We also performed subgroup analysis by specific ethnicity. The results of the combined analysis of MTRR 66AG, GG, (AG+GG) genotypes and breast cancer in Asian descent were Z=0.50, 0.53 and 0.21, with p all>0.05; for breast cancer in Caucasian descent, the results were Z=1.14, 1.65 and 0.43, with p all>0.05. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that MTRR A66G polymorphism was not associated with breast cancer susceptibility.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2005

This study was carried out to identify bacterial strains adhered to human scalp hair and to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of them. A total of 39 isolates were obtained from patients in intensive care units and healthy persons. The most common species isolated was Staphylococcus epidermidis (19 isolates), followed by S. aureus (14 isolates), S. waneri (5 isolates), and S. pasteuri (1 isolate). The susceptibility of isolates to amikacin, ampicillin, bacitracin, carbenicillin, cefazolin, cefoperazone, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, methicillin, nalidixic acid, neomycin, oxacillin, penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and vancomycin was determined by the disk diffusion method. All of the antibiotic resistant isolates were obtained from patient scalp hair. To examine the effect of conventional shampoo and detergent SDS on removing of bacteria from hair, we treated hair with culture solution of S. aureus. The bacteria attached to hair were not removed even by repeated washing with detergents. These results suggested that hair could be a source of bacterial contamination in hospital.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.318-327
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• 1985

This study was designed to investigate the effect of early protein undernutrition of rats on later susceptibility to lead poisoning. Weanling rats, weighing about 55 grams, were malnourished by feeding low protein diets ( 12% and 5% casein diet ) during the four weeks of protein deprivation period. For the following 5 weeks, the malnourished rats were fed with 25% casein diet as rehabilitation diet. After the rehabilitation period, all rats were fed with 25% casein diet and the drinking water containing 2000ppm-Pb during the four weeks. The results obtained were as follows ; 1 ) Feed intake, body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were reduced in all rats exposed to lead, especially in rats fed with 5% casein diet during the four weeks of weanling period. 2 ) Enlargement of kidney and spleen were observed in all rats exposed to lead and were more remarkable in rats fed with 5% casein diet. 3 ) In rats exposed to lead, activity of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase ( S- GOT ) was significantly increased by increasing the degree of early protein deprivation, whereas hematocrit value was significantly decreased. Activity of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase ( S- GPT ) was shown a tendency to increase by increasing the degree of early protein deprivation, but the difference was not significant. 4) In rats exposed to lead, the amount of lead accumulation in kidney was increased by increasing the degree of early protein deprivation. The significant increase was shown in rats fed with 5% casein diet during the four weeks of weanling period. The results of the experiment suggest that early protein undernutrition, even after some period of rehabilitation, may enhance the later susceptibility to lead poisoning.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.17
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• pp.123-160
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• 1996

There have been many studies and experiments regarding exhibition lighting. Many experiments on photochemical damaging effect and visibility resulted in a practice limited to assigning light levels and adjusting annual exposure time. The three damaging factors to the artifacts are intrinsicsusceptibility to absorb radiant energy, spectral distribution of light source and intensity of illumination and time of exposure. Dividing all the artfacts into three categories to suggest a recommended illuminance level causes some problems. Blue wool, for example, used as the reference material for susceptibility, is not a standard material representing museum artifacts. In the most light sensitive category, ISO class I or anything below have been excluded. The exposure time of one soure can be three times more than another sourece. The spectral distribution of the light source and the relative spectral responsibility of the artifact are not considered in the practice. So in case of very light sensitive material, the recommended illuminance is only the referring value and it is indispensable to check the characteristic of susceptibility of each artifacts. Daylighting is prevailing method to solve the psychological need of the visitors. However, it sould transparent, and should not diffused, and the green-house effect must be considered. llluminance uniformity should based on the maximum illuminance to handle the limitation of exposure for the conservation of a large sensitive object such as a painting. Damage index is not absolute reference for selecting the lighting source because it is experimented from the paper of low grade then calculated. Visibility should be increased by reducing the visual noiseand by planning of appropriate luminance contrast. This paper reviews the problems with the previous studies and experiment sand the current exhibition lighting design practice. The plan for museum showcase lighting is to check the susceptibility and to raise the visibility simultaneously.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2002

Objectives: Most of human cancers may result from exposure to environmental carcinogens, and individual effectiveness in the detoxification of these chemicals will influence susceptibility to malignant disease. Glutathione S-Transferases(GSTs) enzymes are involved in the detoxification of active metabolites of many carcinogens from tobacco smoke and may be important in modulating susceptibility to smoke-related cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine the polymorphism of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 in control group and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma group of Korean, and to investigate the effect of GSTs polymorphism on the risk of head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was performed with a group of 133 control individual and 136 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. The polymorphisms of GSTs were analysed using polymerase chain reaction in GSTM1 and GSTTl, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in GSTP1. Results: The relative risk (odds ratio) of GSTM(-) genotype was 1.14(95% CI, 0.70-1.85) compared to GSTM1(+). The odds ratio of GSTTl(-) genotype was 0.91(95% CI, 0.55-1.50). In old age($65$) group, the odds ratio of GSTT1(-) genotype was 5.2(95% CI, 1.53-17.89). The GSTP1 Val/Val genotype conferred a 1.7-fold risk(95% CI, 0.40-7.34) of head and neck cancer compared with GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotype. Among the combined genotypes of GSTs, GSTM1(-)/GSTT1(+)/GSTP1 Val/Val and GSTM1(-)/GSTTl(-)/GSTP1 Ile/Val genotypes conferred a 2.6-fold and 1.3-fold risk(95% CI, 0.24-14.15 and 0.43-3.14) compared with the GSTM1(+)/GSTTl(+)/GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotype, respectively. Conclusion: Polymorphism of GSTs might modulate susceptibility to head and neck cancer in Korean population. The genotype of GSTP1 Val/Val and combined genotypes of GSTM1(-)/GSTT1(+)/GSTP1 Val/Val, and GSTM1(-)/GSTT1(-)/GSTP1 Ile/Val might be important risk factors to determine the individual susceptibility to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.122.2-122.2
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.336-337
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• 2010