• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권3A호
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• pp.337-346
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• 2004

천공 부호를 지원하는 비터비 복호기는 하드웨어 복잡도를 유지하는 선에서 부호율을 효율적으로 높일 수 있지만 충분한 BER 성능을 얻기 위해 복호 지연 시간이 길어지고 생존자 메모리의 크기가 늘어나는 단점이 있다. 본 논문은 비터비 복호기의 메모리 소요량을 줄이는 파이프라인화 된 순방향 추적기를 포함하는 생존자 경로 계산기를 제안한다. 제안된 생존자 경로 계산기는 역추적에 필요한 초기 복호 지연을 없애고, 경로 계산을 위한 순방향 추적 과정을 가속함으로써 생존자 메모리의 사용량을 감소시킨다. 실험 결과, 제안된 비터비 복호기의 생존자 계산기는 기존의 혼성 생존자 경로 계산기에 비해 약 16％ 면적이 감소함을 확인하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2002

이 논문에서는 교량의 수명을 예측하기 위한 시스템 신뢰성 이론이 설명되고, 생애 분포 함수를 이용하여 현존하는 교량의 잔존 수명을 예측하는 방법이 설명된다. 시스템 이론과 생애함수 (survivor functions) 를 이용하여 LIFETIME 이라는 프로그램을 개발하였다. Survivor functions은 주어진 시간 t에 대해 신뢰성을 산출한다. 이 프로그램을 이용하여 콜로라도주에 있는 교량의 수명을 예측하였다. 이 교량은 직렬과 병렬로 구성된 시스템으로 컴퓨터 모델링 되었으며 이 모델을 이용하여 시스템 파괴 확률을 시간에 대해 계산하였다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2017

Purpose : The purpose of this case study was to clinical effects of cervical exercise with sling program using on torture of survivor with sleep disturbance and Headache, neck disfunction. Methods : This study selects 1 subjects for 55 years old who were diagnosed with torture of survivor with sleep disturbance and headache. The Design is ABA of single-subject study design. Baseline(A) and TypeII Baseline(A : 6weeks) phases were received with musculoskeletal disease of prevention education, Intervention(B : 6weeks) phase provided with 65 minute exercise with sling program using in a session twice a week. In order to analyze the measure results of PSQI-K(korean version of the pittsburgh sleep quality index), VAS(visual analog scale), NDI(neck disability index), FABQ(fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire) in torture of survivor during baseline, intervention and typeII baseline phase. Result : A significant differences in PSQI-K during baseline, intervention, typeII baseline. A significant differences in VAS during baseline, intervention, typeII baseline. A significant differences in NDI during baseline, intervention, typeII baseline. A significant differences in FABQ during baseline, intervention, typeII baseline. Conclusion : In conclusion, The intervention method to applied cervical exercise with sling program on torture of survivor effectively improve on sleep disturbance and neck function, headache.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2021

Background: Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is a highly reactive chemical that causes sensitization and has also been associated with increased lung cancer. A risk assessment was conducted based on occupational epidemiologic estimates for several health outcomes. Methods: Exposure and outcome details were extracted from published studies and a NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation for new onset asthma, pulmonary function measurements, symptom prevalence, and mortality from lung cancer and respiratory disease. Summary exposure-response estimates were calculated taking into account relative precision and possible survivor selection effects. Attributable incidence of sensitization was estimated as were annual proportional losses of pulmonary function. Excess lifetime risks and benchmark doses were calculated. Results: Respiratory outcomes exhibited strong survivor bias. Asthma/sensitization exposure response decreased with increasing facility-average TDI air concentration as did TDI-associated pulmonary impairment. In a mortality cohort where mean employment duration was less than 1 year, survivor bias pre-empted estimation of lung cancer and respiratory disease exposure response. Conclusion: Controlling for survivor bias and assuming a linear dose-response with facility-average TDI concentrations, excess lifetime risks exceeding one per thousand occurred at about 2 ppt TDI for sensitization and respiratory impairment. Under alternate assumptions regarding stationary and cumulative effects, one per thousand excess risks were estimated at TDI concentrations of 10 - 30 ppt. The unexplained reported excess mortality from lung cancer and other lung diseases, if attributable to TDI or associated emissions, could represent a lifetime risk comparable to that of sensitization.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제27권5C호
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• pp.411-421
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 고속의 전송속도를 요구하는 근래의 디지털 통신시스템에서 그 필요성이 크게 증가 하고 있는 고속 비터비 복호기의 설계를 위한 새로운 생존경로 메모리 관리 방법과 하드웨어 구조를 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 k-개의 시작노드번호 결정회로를 독창적 방법으로 제어함으로써 복호를 시작할 수 있는 합병된 생존경로를 즉시 역추적할 수 있으며 기존의 생존경로 관리 방법들에 비하여 더 작은 크기의 생존경로 메모리와 더 짧은 처리지연시간을 갖는다. 또, 제안된 방법에서는 동작 속도가 똑같은 1개의 읽기 포인터와 1개의 쓰기 포인터 만이 필요하므로 기존의 방법들에서 요구되었던 복잡한 k-포트 메모리나 k-배 빠른 읽기 능력을 갖는 메모리를 사용할 필요가 없이 표준적인 이중포트 메모리 구조를 사용하여 생존경로 메모리를 용이하게 구현할 수 있다. 제안된 방법은 즉시 역추적을 위한 추가의 하드웨어를 요구하지만 고속의 처리속도가 필요한 비터비 복호기 구현에 기존 방법들 보다 더 우수하다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the effect of arterial embolization on survival in patients with pelvic bone fractures and arterial bleeding. Methods: From January 2001 to December 2007, in all, 18 patients with pelvic bone fractures that had been treated with interventional arterial embolization were included in this retrospective study. The Injury Severity Score (ISS), the Revised Trauma Score (RTS), the initial hemodynamic status, the blood gas analysis, blood transfusion data, and mortality were the main outcome measurements. Results: Pelvic bone fractures were classified into lateral compression (LC), antero-posterior compression (APC), vertical shear (VS), and combined (CM) type according to the Young-Burgess classification. The Survivor group included 11 patients (61.1%), and the non-survivor group included 7 patients (38.9%). The mean ages for the survivor and the non-survivor groups were 40.0 and 45.6 years (p=0.517). The types of pelvic bone fractures were LC 11 (61.1%), APC 6 (33.3%), and VS 1 (5.6%): LC 7 (63.6%), and APC 4 (36.4%) in the survivor group and LC 4 (57.1%), APC 2 (28.6%), and VS 1 (14.3%) in the non-survivor group. The internal iliac artery was the predominant injured vessel among both the survivors (n = 5, 45.5%) and the non-survivors (n = 4, 57.1%). No differences in initial blood pressures, ISS, and RTS existed between the two groups, but the arterial pH was lower in the non-survivor group (pH 7.09 (${\pm}0.20$) vs 7.30 (${\pm}0.08$), p=0.018). The number of transfused 24-hour units of packed RBC was greater in the non-survivor group ($24.1{\pm}12.5$ vs $14.4{\pm}6.8$, p=0.046). Conclusion: No differences in initial blood pressure and trauma scores existed between survivors and non-survivors with pelvic bone fractures, who had been treated with arterial embolization, but arterial pH was lower the in non-survivors.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aims to examine the effect of adolescent suicide survivors' experience on suicide death risk, and the effect of referral to mental health services (hereafter referral) in this regard. Methods: This study used the data of 878 suicide-deceased and suicide-attempted adolescents aged 8-19 years, managed by the Suicide and School Mental Health Institute from 2016 to 2018. Results: Regression analysis for main effects showed that although suicide experience had no direct effect on suicide death, non-referral status was associated with a greater risk of death by suicide. While the "non-suicide survivor with non-referral" and "suicide survivor with non-referral" groups showed 1.87 [adjusted odds ratio=1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.21-2.89] and 4.59 (adjusted odds ratio=4.59, 95% CI=2.02-10.42) times higher odds of suicide death, respectively, the "suicide survivor with referral" group showed no difference compared to the "non-suicide survivor with referral" group. Conclusion: From these findings, there is a need to strengthen referral to mental health services and apply complicated grief treatment to improve the mental health of adolescent suicide survivors.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.471-476
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• 2010

The majority of childhood cancer survivors and their families will be psychologically healthy, but may desire and benefit from preventive care. A significant portion of the survivor population will be psychosocially distressed in various aspects by their harsh experience of long cancer treatment, and may warrant professional intervention and treatment. Pediatricians should be aware of the late psychological effects that can occur a year or 2 after treatment, possibly in many aspects of a survivor's life. Not only the cancer diagnosis, but also treatments such as chemotherapy, irradiation, and surgical intervention may exert different long-term effects on the psychosocial outcomes of survivors. Pediatricians need to be more concerned with maintaining and improving the psychological health of this growing number of childhood cancer survivors through long-term follow-up clinics, community support, or self-help groups. Research on all of the psychosocial aspects of childhood cancer survivors is important to recognize the reality and problems they face in Korea.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2001

In this paper, we consider a simple method for testing the assumption of independent censoring on the basis of a Cox proportional hazards regression model with a time-dependent covariate. This method involves a two-stage sampling in which a random subset of censored observations is selected and followed-up until their true survival times are observed. Lee and Wolfe(1998) proposed an adjusted estimate of the survivor function for the dependent censoring under a proportional hazards alternative. This paper extends their result to obtain a bootstrap confidence interval for the adjusted survivor function under the dependent censoring. The proposed procedure is illustrated with an example of a clinical trial for lung cancer analysed in Lee and Wolfe(1998).

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2007

The estimation of mortality characteristics of industrial property is an important adjunct to engineering valuation and depreciation estimation. Once the important of depreciation estimation is determined, it is desirable to understand the processes upon which these estimates are based. The Iowa type survivor curves are a set of generalized retirement dispersion models. These curves were based on analysis of actual retirement experience and represent typical retirement behavior patterns likely to be encountered. The retirement rate of Iowa type survivor curves on the semiconductor equipments in Korea industry was estimated by the life estimation process. In this paper, estimates of service lives based on directly observed data of the domestic semiconductor equipments are presented.