• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.43
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• pp.53-74
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• 2009

INCOTERMS have been changed almost every 10 years since ICC established INCOTERMS as trade terms for International transaction. Recently transportation has become bigger, and modernized by means of electronic appliances such as RFID, IT, and containerization. FRC, FOR/FOT, FOA were added in INCOTERMS1980 and every conditions are unified into three alphabets in INCOTERMS1990. The best features of INCOTERMS2000 are that FCA substitute FRC, FOR/FOT, FOA and customs formalities were simplified to make clear for each party of contract. It seems that business circles still stick to old customs of their trade like FOB or CIF not only in Korea but in an international practice even though there have been several revisions of INCOTERMS until now. ICC have tried to provide INCOTERMS3000 to solve problems between a theory and an actual condition of international trade. This study has tried to suggest opinions against INCOTERMS3000 and has surveyed a recognition, an actual using situation and issues of INCOTERMS to get improvements. For a recognition of INCOTERMS has been spread as you can find at tables many kinds of business circles still stick to old customs of their trade terms FOB and CIF. Now there are two alternative plans. Firstly, we need to suggest improvements against inconsistency of INCOTERMS to be applied on newly revised INCOTERMS3000 and educating business circles to use proper conditions of INCOTERMS for their doing business. Secondly, we shall participate in revising INCOTERMS to activate multimodal transport conditions of INCOTERMS and provide solutions to fill gap between a theory and an actual condition of international trade. It seems that terms of multimodal transport such as FCA, CPT, or CIP can be a perfect condition for each party of contract. We have examined the inconsistent features of Ship's rail and notions of on board, and observed how to activate multimodal transport terms. These would be hot issues of next revision of INCOTERMS and we provided improvements on each trade terms, THC charges, or others against INCOTERMS.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.145-161
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to survey the actual condition of the Middle School Students on a Drug. In this study, 500 middle school students in Seoul response to a questionnaire which is composed to analyse two categories, i.e. general facts, the actual condition of drug use (the frequency of drug use, the degree of perception on drugs, the people using a drug surrounding the degree of purchase on drugs). And the students are classified by satisfactory degree on their home backgrounds, satisfactory degree on their school life, and school record. The data is analysed by means of frequency, percentage, chi-square test and Pearson's correlation using the $SPSS-PC^+$ package program. The results of this study were as follow : The frequency of drug use except a alcohol and the degree of perception on a drug among female students are higher than among male. The female students are more permissive on the drug use and they are also tend to think more easily the purchase of a drug. The frequency of drug use and the degree of perception on drugs are higher in the group of the lower satisfactory degree on their home background. Especially, there are many people using drugs surrounding the students in the lower group. The frequency of drug use and the degree of perception on drugs are higher in the group that has the lower satisfactory degree on school life. The students in the group having low school record have more dangerous thought about the use of drugs than the students of high record. The degree of perception on a drug is higher in a higher group, and the students in a higher group also think more easily the purchase of drugs. The percentage of students using drugs are not high, but the high percentage of students are interested in the drugs and they have permissive attitudes on drugs. Thus, the preventive education for drug abuse must be done rapidly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.113-118
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• 2005

This study delivers the actual condition of investment for industrial accident prevention based on survey of 500 construction sites from 'reports far industry safety and health' published by Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency (KOSHA). The various research techniques were used such as technical statistic analysis for construction industry, cost comparison of industrial accident prevention and accident loss. A formula was deduced to calculate accident loss and accident frequency by accident prevention cost through regression analysis.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.98-108
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to provide for the basic data useful to the effective production and marketing of the foundation garments befitting adult women's body shapes and preferences, and thereby, help them improve their apparel life. For this purpose, 563 Korean adult women aged between 20-59 were sampled to survey their recognition and actual wearing condition of foundation garments and positively identify the factors affecting the practices and thereupon, determine the correlations among them by age group. Data is processed by a computer (SAS) and analyzed by using frequency, percentage, ${\chi}^2$-test, ANOVA, Duncan-test. The main results of this study are as follows; 1. The most of the adult women were aware of the basic underwear terminologies and the absolute majority of them wore brassieres, while a half of them used the girdles. In contrast, only a small portion of them wore body suites or waste-nippers and the absolute minority of them had garterbelts. 2. The use of the foundations depended much on users' ages or seasons. They had begun to wear brassieres and girdles at their age of 15 on average, and bodysuites, waist-nippers or garterbelts around their age of 20 depending on their individual needs. 3. The adult women had 3-6 brassieres and 2-3 girdles on average, but only a minority of them owned one or two body suites, waist-nippers or garterbelts. They had ever used the functional foundations (11.5%) or imported foundations (35.9%), It has been found through this study that adult women's recognition and actual wearing condition of their foundation garments differ by age group, which may well suggest that foundation production need to take such age-wise practices into consideration in setting up their foundation production and marketing strategies.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.143-152
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• 2017

In order to ensure the right of self-determination of women, most of countries allow women to buy post-coital contraceptive pills or general medical supplies with ease. This study aims to analyze how ordinary people recognize and respond to post-coital contraceptive pills through collecting atypical data by using the keyword 'Contraception', rather than using the existing actual condition survey, such as questionnaire and interview, so that the results have been presented, which may be referred to for establishment of policies.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to examine the actual condition and trends in changing dwelling style, focusing on the behavioral posture. Questionnaire survey method was used in this study. Questionnaires were administered to 402 households (April. 1988) and 178 households (April, 1994) in Seoul. The major findings were as follows : 1. Dwelling style related to dwellers in Seoul can be classified into several changing patterns. 2. The factors which affected on the dwelling style were age. family income. type of house, the size of floor space, and the number of rooms.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.9-18
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• 2005

This study delivers the actual condition of investment for industrial accident prevention based on survey of 526 construction sites. The various research techniques were used such as technical statistic analysis for construction industry, construction and civil engineering works, cost comparison of industrial accident prevention and accident loss. A formula was deduced to calculate accident loss and accident frequency by accident prevention cost through regression analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.19-30
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• 2005

This study delivers the actual condition of investment for industrial accident prevention based on survey of 526 construction sites. The various research techniques were used such as technical statistic analysis for construction industry, construction and civil engineering works, cost comparison of industrial accident prevention and accident loss. A formula was deduced to calculate accident loss and accident frequency by accident prevention cost through regression analysis.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.895-902
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the actual oral health status and dental fear level in the elderly. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaire interview method from June 15, 2013 to December 14, 2013. The subjects were elderly over 65 years old in Jeonbuk province. The study instrument was structured questionnaire including general characteristics of the subjects(3 questions), oral health management status(16 questions), Dental Fear Survey(DFS, 9 questions). Cronbach alphas were 0.804 and 0.959 in the study. Higher score of oral health management status showed good oral health care and higher DFS showed higher level of dental fear. Data were analyzed by t-test, one way ANOVA, post-hoc Scheffe test, and Pearson correlation analysis. Higher dental fear was defined below 33.3%. Results: Women tended to have better oral health than male. Women brush their teeth more frequently than male. Most of the elderly answered that it was important to brush teeth for 3 minutes, to use dental floss and to have oral health education(p<0.05). Score of dental fear level was similar in men and women. Those who were above 69 years old tended to have dental fear. Poor oral health condition was closely related to dental fear. Conclusions: The oral care in the elderly showed considerable differences between the groups and affected the dental fear. It is important to implement the nationwide dental care for the elderly in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.233-235
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• 2009