• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.300-305
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• 2005

Purpose: For the reconstruction of maxillofacial defect created by trauma, infection, or tumor etc, the role of microvascular anastomosis or vessel graft has been increased. Many methods has been tried to increase the success rate of microvascular anastomosis. Various anticoagulants and thrombolytic agents have been used to reduce the failure rate of microvascular anastomosis and avoid re-operation. Many drugs, however, have been used in the limited cases because most of these drugs may cause complications, such as allergy, fever or systemic bleeding. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of the Argatroban on patency and thrombosis in microvascular anastomosis when it is used for local irrigation or general administration. Materials & methods: Eight mature rabbits, weighing 2kg, were used. After exposing both femoral veins, the artificial thrombotic model was made by crushing injury using a smooth needle holder, and the transverse incision were made on femoral vein. The animals were divided into 4 groups according to Argatroban administration methods; control group (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with saline solution; experimental group 1 (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with Argatroban saline solution; experimental group 2 (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with heparin followed by intravenous injection of Argatroban; experimental group 3 (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with Argatroban followed by IV of Argatroban. Microvascular anastomosis was done with 10-0 Ethilon. The patency was evaluated by empty-and-refill test 30 minutes and 3 days after microanastomosis. The thrombus formation was examined 3 days after microanastomosis by surgical microscope. The histologic findings were also examined. Results: 1. Thirty minutes after microvascular anastomosis, the patency of all experimental groups was better than that of control group, but there was no significant difference among groups. 2. Three days after microvascular anastomosis, the patency of all experimental groups was more improved than that of control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among experimental groups. 3. Three days after microvascular anastomosis, the amount of thrombus in all experimental groups was less than that of control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among experimental groups. 4. Histologically, a lot of luminal thrombus was observed around sutured area in control group. Few luminal thrombus was observed in all experimental groups. The necrotic changes were observed on the sutured vein wall in all specimens. Conclusion: These results indicate that topical irrigation and/or intravenous administration of Argatroban is effective in improving patency and preventing thrombus formation after microvascular anastomosis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the histologic results of bone cavities that were surgically created in the calvaria of rabbit and filled with $HA/{\beta}-TCP$ composite powders, which had been developed in Korea (Dentium, Korea). Ten young adult rabbits were used. Four defects were surgically produced in calvaria of each rabbit. Each rabbit was anesthetized with Ketamine-HCI (5 mg/kg, Yuhan Cor. Korea) and Xylazine-HCI (1.5 ml/kg, Yuhan Cor. Korea)). An incision was made to the bony cranium and the periosteum was reflected. Using a trephine bur (external diameter: 8 mm, 3i, USA), 4 'through-and-through' bone defects were created with copious irrigation, and classified into 4 groups: control group: no graft materials, experimental group I: normal saline + graft materials: experimental group II: venous blood + graft materials: experimental group III: graft materials only. The defects were randomly filled with graft materials. The defects were closed with resorbable suture material. At the end of the surgical procedure, all animals received a single intramuscular injection of antibiotics Gentamicin (0.1 mg/kg, Dae Sung Microb. Korea). Rabbits were sacrificed with phentobarbital (100 mg/kg) intravenously at 1-, 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-week after. Specimens were treated with hydrochloric acid decalcifying solution (Fisher Scientific, Tustin, CA) and sectioned by bisecting the 8 mm diameter defects. The histologic specimens were prepared in the general method with H & E staining at 6 ${\mu}m$ in thickness. The results were as follows; 1. New bone formation showed from after 2-week of surgery in defect area. As time lapsed, lots of new bone formation and mature bones showed. 2. Histologically, degree of new bone formation could not be discerned among the experimental groups. But, for experimental group II, lots of cells gathered around graft materials after 1-week of surgery, new bone formed slightly faster and than the others at 1-week after. For experimental group I, a few inflammatory finding showed around graft material at after 1-week and after 2-week of surgery. 3. No bone formation did show for control group. Based on histologic results, the new $HA/{\beta}-TCP$ composite powders appeared to act as a scaffolding material for regeneration of osseous defects.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.39-42
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• 2005

Background: Besides its general anesthetic effect, ketamine interacts with sodium channels in a local anesthetic-like fashion, including the sharing of binding sites with those commonly used by clinical local anesthetics. This study evaluated the dose related effects of ketamine during epidural anesthesia with 0.5% ropivacaine. Methods: Sixty ASA physical status I II patients, scheduled for minor elective surgery under epidural anesthesia using 0.5% ropivacaine, were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20 each). The patients initially received either 0.5% ropivacaine (group 1), ketamine (0.1 mg/kg) in addition to the epidural 0.5% ropivacaine (group 2) or ketamine (0.2 mg/kg) in addition to the epidural 0.5% ropivacaine (group 3). The regression of sensory block was assessed by transcutaneous electric stimulation (TES), equivalent to a surgical incision. Motor block was assessed using the Modified Bromage's scale. Episodes of bradycardia, hypotension and sedation were also recorded. Results: There were no significant differences among the three groups in the maximal levels of sensory block or the times taken for these levels to be reached. The mean times for the block to regress to two and four segments below the maximal level were significantly prolonged by epidural ketamine. Conclusions: Epidural ketamine prolongs the duration of ropivacaine epidural anesthesia. These results suggest that ketamine has local anesthetic-like actions.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.398-408
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• 2021

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical validity of the modified tunneling technique using minimal soft tissue harvesting and volume-stable collagen matrix in the anterior mandible. Methods: In total, 27 anterior mandibular teeth and palatal donor sites in 17 patients with ≥1 mm of gingival recession (GR) were analyzed before and after root coverage. For the recipient sites, vertical vestibular incisions were made in the interdental area and a subperiosteal tunnel was created with an elevator. After both sides of the marginal gingiva were tied to one another, a prepared connective tissue graft and volume-stable collagen matrix were inserted through the vestibular vertical incision and were fixed with resorbable suture material. The root coverage results of the recipient site were measured at baseline (T₀), 3 weeks (T₃), 12 weeks (T₁₂), and the latest visit (T_l). For palatal donor sites, a free gingival graft from a pre-decided area avoiding the main trunk of the greater palatine artery was harvested using a prefabricated surgical template at a depth of 2 mm after de-epithelization using a rotating bur. In each patient, the clinical and volumetric changes at the donor sites between T₀ and T₃ were measured. Results: During an average follow-up of 14.5 months, teeth with denuded root lengths of 1-3 mm (n=12), 3-6 mm (n=11), and >6 mm (n=2) achieved root coverage of 97.01%±7.65%, 86.70%±5.66%, and 82.53%±1.39%, respectively. Miller classification I (n=12), II (n=10), and III (n=3) teeth showed mean coverage rates of 97.01%±7.65%, 86.91%±5.90%, and 83.19%±1.62%, respectively. At the donor sites, an average defect depth of 1.41 mm (70.5%) recovered in 3 weeks, and the wounds were epithelized completely in all cases. Conclusions: The modified tunneling technique in this study is a promising treatment modality for overcoming GR in the anterior mandible.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2006

배경: 위내시경 검사나 기관삽관 시 식도 손상에 의한 식도 천공례는 대단히 드물다. 그러나 식도 천공의 발생 시 신속한 처치가 이루어지지 않는다면 예후는 매우 불량하다. 저자들은 기구에 의한 식도 천공례에서 기존 치료에 대한 효과를 알아보기 위하여 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법:1999년 1월부터 2005년 3월까지 저자들이 치험하였던 기구에 의한 식도 천공환자 12예를 대상으로 하였다. 천공의 원인과 부위, 내원까지의 지연 시간, 그리고 치료방법 등에 따른 예후 등을 분석하였다. 결과: 위내시경 검사에 의한 천공이 6예로 가장 많았으며(50.0%), 식도확장술에 의한 경우가 4예(33.3%), 그리고 내시경 포트삽입술과 기관삽관에 의한 경우가 각각 1예(8.3%)씩 있었다. 이 중 7예가 흉부 식도의 천공이었으며, 5예가 경부 식도의 천공이었다. 치료 방법으로는 식도절제 및 재건술이 5예, 절개 및 배농술이 4예, 폐쇄성 흉강 삽관술이 1예, 그리고 내과적 치료가 2예였다. 수술에 의한 위중한 합병증은 없었으며, 경미한 폐렴과 창상 감염이 각각 1예에서 발생되었다. 수술을 거부하여 내과적 치료를 시행하였던 1예에서 사망하여 사망률은 8.3%이었다. 결론: 기구에 의한 식도 천공에서 부위와 지연 시간에 상관없이 외과적 수술은 안전하며 또한 효과적인 치료방법이라고 생각되었다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2012

목적: 견봉 쇄골 탈구의 수술적 치료에서 갈고리 금속판의 견봉측 고정장치 (acromial locking system)가 유용한지에 대한 조사를 위하여 견봉측 고정장치가 있는 Wolter 금속판과 그것이 없는 AO hook 금속판 두 가지 방법의 임상적 결과와 합병증을 비교하고자 하였다. 방법: Rockwood 분류 III-V형의 견봉 쇄골 관절 탈구로 수술한 환자 중 1년 이상 추시가 가능했던 71명을 대상으로 하였다. 이 중 Wolter 금속판을 이용하여 수술을 한 환자 39명, AO hook 금속판을 이용한 환자가 32명이었다. 술 후 평가는 Constant-Murley 평가 지표를 이용하여 수술 후 약 1개월, 3개월, 6개월, 12개월에 관절 기능을 점수화하고 운동범위를 측정하였으며 금속판과 골의 방사선적 합병증을 조사 하였다. 결과: 수술 후 1년 추시 Constant-Murley score는 Wolter 금속판 $85.2{\pm}5.3$점, AO Hook 금속판 $83.2{\pm}6.8$점으로 유의한 차이 없이 우수하였다. 운동범위는 수술 후 1개월 및 3개월에서 Wolter 금속판의 운동 범위가 유의하게 높게 호전 되었으나 6개월 이후에는 AO hook 금속판과 차이가 없었다. 수술 후 합병증으로 Wolter 금속판은 4예에서 방사선상 나사못의 이완 및 파열이 나타났으며, AO hook 금속판은 7예에서 견봉하 골용해 소견과 금속판 주위 골절이 나타났다. 결론: 견봉측 고정장치 유무에 상관없이 두 가지 수술 방법 모두 장기적인 임상 결과는 우수하며, 유용한 방법이라고 생각되나 견봉측 고정장치가 없는 AO hook 금속판이 수술 후 초기에 관절운동 제한이 더 많이 관찰 되었으며, 견봉의 골용해도 많았다. 그러나 Wolter 금속판은 큰 절개가 필요하다는 등의 단점이 있고 나사못의 이완 및 파열, 견봉 골절 등이 나타날 수 있어 두 방법 각각의 장단점이 있다고 판단되었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.556-560
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• 1999

자연기흉에 대한 정확한 원인은 아직 밝혀지지 않았으나 기포의 파열에 의한 흉곽내로의 공기가 누출되면서 발생한다. 이들 재발성 기흉의 수술적 방법에는 비디오 흉강경을 이용하거나 액와개흉술등의 여러 가지 수술방법으로 치료할수 있으나 기포절제술후에도 수술방법에 따라 0.3%~20%까지의 재발과 재수술이 보고되고 있다. 연세대학교 영동세브란스병원 흉부외과에서 1992년 11월부터 1997년 6월까지 737례의 기흉환자에서 기포절제 수술을 받은 446례의 자연기흉환자중 다시 기흉이 재발한 16례(3.5%)에서 재수술을 하였다. 남녀의 비는 15:1 이었고 처음 자연기흉이 발생한 평균나이는 20.2세(범위 15~50세) 였으며 평균 재원일수는 6.3일(범위 1~20일), 평균 흉관 보유기간은 4.2일(범위 1~10일)이었다. 평균추적기간은 46개월(범위 10-66개월)이었다. 처음수술은 비디오 흉강경, 액와 개흉술, 그리고 제한적인 측방개흉술등 3가지의 방법으로 시행하으며 비디오흉강경을 이용한 281례중 14례에서 재발하였으며 액와 개흉술 159례중 2례에서 재발하였고 제한적인 측방 개흉술을 시행한 6례에서는 재발이 없었다. 재수술방법은 다시 비디오흉강경을 이용하였던 예가 6례,액와 개흉술을 시행하였던 예가 9례, 제한적인 측방 개흉술이 필요하였던 예가 1례에서 있었다. 재수술한 경우 수술소견은 9례의 overlooking type과 new growing typ 7례였으며 재발과 처음수술간의 기간은 overlooking type 1개월, new growing typ 18개월이었다. 재발율이 높은 자연기흉은 기흉의 발생횟수, 다발성 기 汰\ulcorner존재, subpleural fibrosis와 폐실질의 emphysematous한 변화 등이었으며 비디오 흉강경을 이용한 기포절제술은 액와개흉술에 비해 높은 재발율을 보였다(4.9% vs 1.2%). 이와 같은 결과로 비디오 흉강경을 이용한 기포절제술의 경우 재발을 방지하기 위하여 over-looking type은 적절한 수술 전 검사와 수술 중 굴절이 가능하며 영상이 선명한 비디오 흉강경의 사용으로 보다 세밀한 기포의 관찰을 함으로써 over-looking type 의 재발을 줄일 수 있으며 기포 절제 시 좀더 세심한 기구의 조작과 완전한 기포절제와 정상조직을 포함한 봉합이나 stapling으로 병소 부위가 남아 있지 않도록 주의하면서 봉합과 stapling 주위의 공기 누츨이나 부적합한 기구 사용 등의 세심한 관찰과 보강 봉합수술 및 조직 접합제 도포 등으로 new growing type을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 사료되며 그 외로 수술 후 약물이나 전기 소작기에 의한 적절한 늑막유착술등의 재발을 줄이기 위한 대책이 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 1977

Anderson(1937), Power and Barnes(1941) reported a study concerning a method of tubal sterilization in association with peritoneoscopy or laparoscopy in which they cauterized the tubes. There appears to have been a hiatus of interest in sterilization (cold or hot) associated with laparoscopy until reintroduction by Palmer(1963), Frangenheim(1964) and Steptoe(1967). On the other hand, for interval female sterilization, however, minilaparotomy is relatively new. By Saunder and Munsick(1972), John Lyle(1974), Frank Stubb(1974), Vitoon(1973) and B.C. Bai(1975), their own technique for interval female sterilization requires 2.0 to 2.5cm, incision at the margin of the mons pubis. In Korea, female sterilization by means of minilaparotomy firstly reported by B.C. Bai using Bai's uterine elevator, of his own device, early in 1975. Recently inteval female sterilization by laparoscopy and minilaparotomy are widely accepted throughout the world especially in Asian countries. Minilaparotomy is carried out from 1974, laparoscopic sterilization from 1976, and in this study each of 250 cases of those were analysed and discussed for the comparison at Seoul Red Cross Hospital. (1) In the age distribution, numerous clients were in their age of $31{\sim}35$ in laparoscopy as well as minilaparotomy. Average 33.7 years in L and 33.2 years in M. (M=minilaparotomy, L=laparoscopic sterilization) (2) As regarding living children, women having 3 children represented the greatest number, 113 cases out of 250 in M group and 102 cases out of 250 in L group. Average No. of child are 2.9 in Land 3.1 in M. (3) Concidering the operation day in the menstrml cycle, the greatest number of cases, those who underwent tubal sterilization during the days of $26{\sim}$, next during the $6{\sim}10$ days of the cycle in both group. (4) Concidering the operation time, 188 cases by laparoscopy were performed in $6{\sim}10$ minutes, 33 cases within 5 minutes and 24 cases in $11{\sim}15$ minutes. Maximum 50 minutes, minimum 4 minutes and average 8.3 minutes. The majority of cases (154 cases) by minilaparotomy required $6{\sim}10$ minutes and 67 cases $11{\sim}15$ minutes, 6 cases within 5 minutes. Maximum 30 minutes, minimum 4 minutes and average 10.4, minutes. In both groups, most of the reasons for the extra length were surgical difficulties such as thick abdominal wall, pelvic adhesion, less cooperation of patients in early period of this study. (5) Hospital stay after operation in L group required $3{\sim}4$ hours in 125 cases, $2{\sim}3$ hours in 41 cases, $4{\sim}5$ hours in 32 cases out of 250. Maximum 8 hours, minimum 1 hour and average 3.8 hours. In M group hospital stay required $6{\sim}7$ hours in 100 cases, over 7 hours in 85 cases, $5{\sim}6$ hours in 46 cases and so on. Maximum 14 hours, minimum 2 hours and average 6.5 hours. (6) The time between operation and gas passing in the majority cases of both groups, were $12{\sim}36$ hours. A veragetime 20.3 hours in L and 27.2 in M. (7) Laparoscopic sterilization coincident with induced abortion were carried out in 27 cases, laparoscopy with minilaparotomy to control for mesosalpingeal hemorrhage in 1 case. Minilaparotomy coincident with induced abortion were performed in 65 cases, D and C whit polypectomy, menstrual regulatian, and remaval of IUD in 1 case respectively. (8) In L group, 1 case of mesosalpingeal hemorrhage, 1 case of abdominal wall infection were complicated during operation. In M group, 1 case of uterine perfaration, 1 case of abdominal wall infection, 1 case of hemorrhage from omentum and 1 case of bloody vaginal discharge were complicated. No intensive medical treatment was required for those minor complications in both groups. (9) No failure has been recognized and these two sterilization techniques might be the simple, safe and the most effective method for permanent contraception at present time. There is no significant clinical defference between L and M group in this study.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.249-254
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• 1999

배경: Cox-Maze 술식후의 좌심방의 수축력은 우심방에 비하여 회복률이 낮은 것으로 알려져 있다. 술전 좌심방의 크기가 큰 환자군에서의 Cox-Maze 술식은, 좌심방 후벽의 많은 부위를 전기전도계와 분리함으로써 술후 좌심방 기능의 회복을 저하시키는 한 요인이 될 수 있다. 본 연구자들은 좌심방이 심하게 확장된 경우에 좌, 우 폐정맥을 각각 분리하는 변형된 Cox-Maze 술식을 시행함으로써 이러한 술식이 술후 좌심방 기능의 회복에 도움을 주는지 여부에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년 2월부터 1997년 10월까지 승모판막 질환과 동반된 심방세동으로 Cox-Maze 술식을 시행한 환자들 중, 수술후 6개월 이상의 추적관찰이 이루어지고 동율동 전환이 이루어진 환자를 대상으로 하였다. I군은 좌, 우 폐정맥사이의 거리가 6.5cm미만인 경우(n=30), II군은 좌, 우 폐정맥사이의 거리가 6.5cm 이상인 경우(n=16)로서 I, II군은 좌,우 폐정맥을 함께 분리하는 기존의 Cox-Maze 술식을 시행하였고, III군은 폐정맥사이의 거리가 6.5cm이상인 경우에 좌, 우 폐정맥을 각각 분리하는 변형된 Cox-Maze 술식을 사용하였다(n=9). 결과:각 군사이에는 좌심방 크기를 제외한 검사소견은 차이가 없었으며 III군의 경우 수술시 대동맥차단 시간이 유의하게 증가되었다(p<0.05). 술후 장기 추적 검사상 우심방의 수축력 회복은 I군에서 90%, II군에서 81%, 그리고 III군에서 100%에서 회복됨이 관찰되었다. 좌심방의 수축력회복은 I군에서 63%, II군에서 31%에서 회복되어 좌심방이 확장된 II군에서 유의한 감소가 있었으며 (p<0.04), III군에서는 66%에서 회복되었으나 I, II군과 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론:이러한 양폐정맥 사이를 분리, 절개하는 변형된 Cox-Maze 술식은 좌심방 수축력의 회복에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 추정되며, 향후 더 많은 환자군에서 연구가 시행되어야 하리라 사료된다.