• 공업화학
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.479-485
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 triethanolamine-ester quaternary ammonium salt의 ASCO EQ85 양이온 계면활성제 시스템의 기본 물성을 측정하였으며, 제타 전위 측정 및 quartz crystal microbalance 실험을 통한 계면활성제 흡착량 측정으로부터 pH 조건에 따른섬유 유연력에 관하여 살펴보았다. ASCO EQ85 계면활성제의 CMC는 약 $3{\times}10^{-3}mol/L$이며, CMC에서의 표면장력은 약 40 mN/m이었다. $25^{\circ}C$에서 1 wt% 계면활성제 수용액과 n-dodecane 사이의 계면장력을 spinning drop tensiometer를 사용하여 pH에 따라 측정한 결과, pH 증가에 따라 계면장력은 약간 증가하였으나 평형에 도달하는 시간은 pH에 관계없이 거의 일정하였다. 계면활성제 흡착량은 농도에 비례하여 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 수용액의 pH 조건에 따라 계면활성제 흡착량이 변화하였다. 계면활성제 수용액의 pH에 따라 유연력을 측정한 결과, pH 증가에 따라 양이온 계면활성제로 세정한 섬유의 마찰계수가 증가하였으며, 양이온 계면활성제 수용액의 pH가 산성 조건일 때 섬유의 유연 효과가 크다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 계면활성제 수용액의 거품 안정성을 측정한 결과, 수용액의 pH가 증가함에 따라 거품의 부피가 반으로 줄어드는데 걸리는 시간이 증가하고 거품 안정성이 증가하였다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2018

Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is widely used in tire treads due to its excellent abrasion resistance, braking performance, and reasonable cost. Depending on the polymerization method, SBR is classified into solution-polymerized SBR (SSBR) and emulsion-polymerized SBR (ESBR). ESBR is less expensive and environmentally friendlier than SSBR because it uses water as a solvent. A higher molecular weight is also easier to obtain in ESBR, which has advantages in mechanical properties and tire performance. In ESBR polymerization, a surfactant is added to create an emulsion system with a hydrophobic monomer in the water phase. However, some amount of surfactant remains in the ESBR during coagulation, making the polymer chains in micelles clump together. As a result, it is well-known that residual surfactant adversely affects the physical properties of silica-filled ESBR compounds. However, researches about the effect of residual surfactant on the physical properties of ESBR are lacking. Therefore, in this study we compared the effects of remaining surfactant in ESBR on the mechanical properties of silica-filled and carbon black-filled compounds. The crosslinking density and filler-rubber interaction are also analyzed by using the Flory-Rehner theory and Kraus equation. In addition, the effects of surfactant on the mechanical properties and crosslinking density are compared with the effects of TDAE oil (a conventional processing aid).

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 센서 박막재료 반도체 세라믹
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• pp.166-169
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• 2003

In this study, we evaluated the characteristics by the addition of 3 different kinds of nonionic surfactant to improve the dispersion stability of slurries. Slurry stability is an issue in any industry in which settling of particles can result in poor performance. So we observed the variation of particle size and settling rate when the concentration and addition time of surfactant are changed. When the surfactant is added after milling process, the particle size and pH became low. It is supposed that the particle agglomeration was disturbed by adsorption of surfactant on alumina abrasive. The settling rate was relatively stable when nonionic surfactant is added about 0.1~1.0 wt%. When molecular weight(MW) is too small like Brij 35, it was appeared low effect on dispersion stability. Because it can't prevent coagulation and subsequent settling with too small MW. The proper quality of MW for slurry stability was presented about 500,000. Consequently, the addition of nonionic surfactant to alumina slurry has been shown to have very good effect on slurry stabilization. If we apply this results to copper CMP process, it is thought that we will be able to obtain better yield.

• 공업화학
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.397-403
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 불소계 계면활성제 FS-606 첨가가 탄화수소계 계면활성제 CDP-W에 의한 n-헥산 가용화에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험을 수행하였다. 오일 방울 접촉 실험방법을 사용하여 측정한 가용화 속도는 초기 n-헥산 오일 방울 크기에 상관없이 일정하게 나타났으며, 계면활성제 농도에 따라 거의 선형적으로 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로부터 FS-606과 CDP-W의 혼합 계면활성제에 의한 n-헥산 오일의 가용화는 계면 조절 메커니즘을 따르는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 FS-606과 CDP-W의 혼합 계면활성제 시스템에서의 FS-606 조성 증가에 따라 가용화 속도는 증가하여 최대를 나타낸 후 다시 감소하였다. 반면에 FS-606 조성 증가에 따라 계면활성제 수용액과 n-헥산 오일 사이의 계면장력은 감소하여 최소를 나타낸 후 다시 증가하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2006

The effect of ozone and/or ultrasound treatments on the efficiency of slurry removal in post sliced cleaning (PSC) of silicon ingot was studied. Efficiency of slurry removal was evaluated as functions of time, temperature and surfactant with DOE (Design of Experiment) method. Residual slurries were observed on the wafer surface in case of cleaning by ozone or ultrasound separately. However, a clean wafer surface was appeared when cleaned with ozone and ultrasound simultaneously. It has found that cleaning time was the main effect among temperature, time and surfactant. Elevated temperature, addition of surfactant and high ozone concentration helped to accelerate efficient removal of slurry. The improvement of removal efficiency seems to be related to the formation of more active OH radicals. The highly cleaned surface was achieved at 10 wt% ozone, 1 min and 10 vol% surfactant with ultrasound. Application of ozone and ultrasound might be a useful method for PSC process in wafer cleaning.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2010

Ultrasound and Surfactant aided soil washing process has been shown to be an effective method to remove diesel from soils. The use of surfactants can improve the mobility of diesel in soil-water systems by increasing solubility of adsorbed diesel into surfactant micelles. However, a large amount of surfactant is required for treatment. In addition, synthetic surfactants, specially anionic, are more toxic and the surfactant wastewater is hard to treat by conventional wastewater treatments even by AOPs. Ultrasound improves desorption of the diesel adsorbed on to soil. The mechanisms are based on physical breakage of bonds by hot spot, directly impact onto soil particle surface, the fragmentation of long-chain hydrocarbons by micro-jet and microstreaming in the soil pores. The use of ultrasound as an enhancement method in both anionic and nonionic surfactant aided soil-washing processes were studied. And all experiments were examined proceeded under CMC surfactant concentration, frequency 35 khz, power 400 W, Soil-water ratio 1:3(wt%), particle size 0.24 ~ 2mm and initial diesel concentration. 20,000 mg/kg. Combination with ultrasound showed significant enhancements on all the processes. Especially, nonionic surfactant Triton-X100 with ultrasound showed remarkable enhancements and diesel removal rate enhanced by ultrasound helps desorpting of surfactant adsorbed onto soils which prevented decreasing surfactant activity.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.560-567
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• 2018

화장품산업에서 보습 효과를 오랫동안 지속시키기 위해 보습제로 히아루론산, 글리세린 등 많은 원료가 개발과 연구되어지고 있다. 이번 연구에서는 보습제 원료가 아닌 계면활성제를 변경함에 따라 피부의 보습 및 경피수분손실량의 변화에 대해 연구 하였다. 특별히 계면활성제의 종류는 천연계면활성제, Lecithin 계면활성제, Polyglyceryl ester계열 계면활성제, PEG계열 계면활성제, PEG계열 W/O 계면활성제 등으로 이 들의 계면활성제의 변화에 따라 피부의 보습 및 경피수분손실량의 변화를 확인하였고, 계면활성제 중에서 Lecithin surfactant를 사용했을 때 가장 우수한 결과 값을 확인 하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2015

The main sources of recovered paper for newsprint are old newsprint (ONP) and old magazine (OMG). Recently, a lot of advertisement flyers are flowing into bales of ONP and portion of OMG is increasing in recovered paper because the consumption level of coated paper increases. In this study, nonionic surfactant and fatty acid were used as the de-inking agent for froth-flotation process of mixed recovered paper to investigate the effect of increased mixing ratio of OMG. De-inking efficiency of nonionic surfactant decreased as the mixing ratio of OMG increased; ink removal efficiency of froth-flotation is poor, however, the reject ratio increases due to ash from OMG. In comparison with nonionic surfactant, the ash from OMG had a little effect on reject ratio and optical properties of fatty acid applied flotation accept. If nonionic surfactant and fatty acid are added to pulper and flotation cell sequentially, excessive ash from OMG may not give an adverse effect on de-inking efficiency of mixed recovered paper.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 1997

메탄올에 의해 백금을 환원시켜 carbon상에 담지할 때 계면활성제의 첨가가 환원된 백금 colloid의 안정화에 큰 영향을 미치며 계면활성제의 첨가량이 증가할수록 백금 colloid의 안정성이 증가하여 백금을 미립화하여 carbon상에 담지할 수 있었다. 그러나 계면활성제의 양이 증가할수록 열처리 후 잔존하는 계면활성제 잔유물이 전극 내에서 불순물로 작용하여 산소환원 성능은 감소하였다. 계면활성제 제거를 위해 열처리 온도를 증가시킬수록 백금의 응집현상이 크게 증가하여 백금의 입자 크기가 증가하여 전류밀도는 감소하였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.95-103
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• 1996

In the separation of toluene/n-heptane mixture by the emulsion type liquid membrane in an batch system, the effect of surfactant on the separation factor and membrane stability was studied over the surfactant concentration ranging form 0.1 to 1.5wt％ at the contact time of 5 and 10 minutes. and the settling time of 5 and 10 minutes. The surfactant used was sodium lauryl sulfate. The separation factor reached its maximum value at the surfactant concentration of 0.5wt％ for surfantant. It was found that the percentage of membrane breakup reached its minimum values and the separation factor showed its maximum value at the surfactant concentration of 0.5wt%. which confirmed that efficient separation could be effect when emulsion liquid membrane was stable because of low membrane breakup.