• Title/Summary/Keyword: surface washing

Search Result 393, Processing Time 0.034 seconds

Preparation of Diphtheria Toxin A Chain from Escherichia coli

  • Lee, Jong-Soo;Yoon, Kyoung-Bum;Park, Jong-Won;Choi, Suk-Jung
    • BMB Reports
    • /
    • v.30 no.2
    • /
    • pp.144-149
    • /
    • 1997
  • An expression vector was constructed containing the gene encoding diphtheria toxin A (DTA) which was placed after a T7 promoter. Cytoplasmic expression of the DTA gene resulted in the formation of an insoluble inclusion body. The inclusion body was collected after the complete lysis of the cell, and subsequent washing with 0.1% Triton X-100 released 16~30% of DTA protein from the inclusion body along with other contaminating proteins. The released DTA protein was purified by dialysis. The remaining pellet was dissolved in 8 M urea containing 5% ${\beta}-mercaptoethanol$, and the denatured DTA was renatured by the dilution-dialysis method. The total yield was 35%, and about 5 mg DTA was obtained from 1 L culture. The DTA protein has a free sulfhydryl group exposed to the protein surface, and was shown to have a tendency to dimerize through disulfide formation in the absence of ${\beta}-mercaptoethanol$. The utility of the sulfhydryl group was tested for the construction of recombinant toxins.

  • PDF

Potential of Activated Carbon Derived from Local Common Reed in the Refining of Raw Cane Sugar

  • D-Abdullah, Ibrahim;Girgis, Badie S.;Tmerek, Yassin M.;Badawy, Elsaid H.
    • Carbon letters
    • /
    • v.11 no.3
    • /
    • pp.192-200
    • /
    • 2010
  • Common reed (Fragmites australis), a local invasive grass, was investigated as a possible feedstock for the production of activated carbon. Dried crushed stems were subjected to impregnation with phosphoric acid (30, 40 and 50%) followed by pyrolysis at $400{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ with final washing and drying. Obtained carbons were characterized by determining: carbon yield, ash content, slurry pH, textural properties and capacity to remove color bodies from factory-grade sugar liquor. Produced carbons possessed surface area up to 700 $m^2/g$, total pore volumes up to 0.37 $cm^3/g$, and proved to be microporous in nature. Decolorization of hot sugar liquor at $80^{\circ}C$ showed degrees of color removal of 60 up to 77% from initial color of 1100~1300 ICU, at a carbon dose of 1.0 g/100 ml liquor. No correlation seems to hold between synthesis conditions and % R but depends on the degree of microporosity. A commercial activated carbon N showed a comparative better color removal capacity of 91%. Common reed proved to be a viable carbon precursor for production of good adsorbing carbon suitable for decolorization in the sugar industry, as well as in other environmental remediation processes.

Changes in the Adsorption Behavior of Coptidis Rhizoma Dyed Fabrics by Chitosan and Tannin Treatment (키토산과 탄닌처리에 의한 황련염색직물의 염착거동 변화)

  • Ryu, Soo Jin;Bae, Hyun Sook
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
    • /
    • v.20 no.2
    • /
    • pp.210-218
    • /
    • 2018
  • The natural dye product market is expanding due to the recent interest in environmentally friendly products. This study examines dyeing using natural Coptidis Rhizoma. Chitosan and Tannin was treated to improve dyeability of Coptidis Rhizoma after finding the proper dyeing condition. In addition, dyeing characteristics were compared according to mordant types along with the mordanting methods for dye fixing and color change. The results indicated that the optimum dyeing condition was to treat the concentration of 5% (o.w.b.) at $80^{\circ}C$ for 90 minutes. By the chitosan and tannin treatments, K/S value of cotton fabrics by 3 times and those of wool fabrics by 2 times increased and color depthing of dyed fabrics was achieved after 2 cycles repetition. To improve dyeability, iron mordanting was most effective; in addition, the K/S Value of pre-mordanting fabrics versus post-mordanting fabrics increased the most. The color of the surface was changed to reddish yellow when Sn, Cu mordanting, and to greenish blue when Fe mordanting. The lightfastness of dyeing fabric with mordanting was weak at 1-2 grades, but the washing fastness was good for 4 grades and the rubbing fastness and sweat fastness were as good as those of the 3-4 grades. As a result, this study could help improve the dyeability of expensive Coptidis Rhizoma.

A Study on the Dyeability of the Aminized Cotton Fabrics (아민기를 도입한 면직물의 염색성에 관한 연구)

  • 최연주;유효선
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
    • /
    • v.19 no.1
    • /
    • pp.51-56
    • /
    • 1995
  • Cotton fabric was treated with acrylonitrile in t-butyl alcohol and then aminized by reduction of the resultant cyanoethyl cellulose with LiAIH4, under various temperatures and times. Aminized cotton fabric toras dyed with acid and reactive dye. Dyeability as to temperatures, pH, and color fastness were compared to the amiRe group content of treated cotton fabrics. The results of this study were as follow: 1. D.S of cyanoethyl cellulose has been increased by increasing treating temperatures and times. Maximum D.S of cyanoethyl cellulose was 1.45. By SEM and the tensile strength, the damage of the treated cotton was not observed. 2. Since aminized cotton has greater affinity on acid dye than untreated cotton, dyeability increased with the increase of amino group content, and the lower pH, $60^{\circ}C$. 3. Since amino group in aminized cotton changes surface charge of cotton, dyeability for reactive dye increased by increasing the amino group content. Optimum dyeability was obtained at pH 5-7, $40^{\circ}C$. And dyeability of the amine treated cotton increased with the NaCl conc. 4. Color fastness to washing & light of the amine treated cotton was very low except for the wash fastness of the reactive dye.

  • PDF

Fundamental Design of Cyclone Collector for Oil Mist (오일미스트용 사이클론 집진기에 관한 기초 설계 -오일미스트 및 슬러지 입자 융합연구-)

  • Jang, Sung-Cheol;Ahn, Hwi-Woong;Lee, Chan-Kyu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
    • /
    • v.22 no.2
    • /
    • pp.223-227
    • /
    • 2013
  • Dust collecting performance of cyclone collector for oil mist was alalyzed in the study. The purposes of using cutting fluid during cutting have been colling, lubricating, chip washing and anti-corroding. However, the present manufactaring industry restricts the use of cutting fluid because cutting fluid confains poisonous substances which are harmful to the human body. Also, the optimum design oil-mist collector. The new oil mist collector was designed. In the near future, this device must be tested in the real machining center and CNC machine. Cutting using oil-mist showed better cutting characteristics than dry, air and fluid cutting with respect to by cutting force, tool wear and surface roughness. The model(A, B Type cyclone) of the set of fixture and alveolus are made by using a CAE software. Finally, we have obtained a model A Type solution by using orthogonal array. Therefore, it could be confirmed that as the model-A was increased and model-B was decreased, cut diameter was decreased.

Multi- effect air gap membrane distillation process for pesticide wastewater treatment

  • Pangarkar, Bhausaheb L.;Deshmukh, Samir K.;Thorat, Prashant V.
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
    • /
    • v.8 no.6
    • /
    • pp.529-541
    • /
    • 2017
  • A multi-effect air gap membrane distillation (ME-AGMD) module for pesticide wastewater treatment is studied with internal heat recovery, sensible heat of brine recovery, number of stages and the use of fresh feed as cooling water in a single module is implemented in this study. A flat sheet polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) membrane was used in the 4-stage ME-AGMD module. The maximum value of permeate flux could reach $38.62L/m^2h$ at feed -coolant water temperature difference about $52^{\circ}C$. The performance parameter of the module like, specific energy consumption and gain output ratio (GOR) was investigated for the module with and without heat recovery. Also, the module performance was characterized with respect to the separation efficiency of several important water quality parameters. The removal efficiency of the module was found to be >98.8% irrespective water quality parameters. During the experiment the membrane fouling was caused due to the deposition of the salt/crystal on the membrane surface. The membrane fouling was controlled by membrane module washing cycle 9 h and also by acidification of the feed water (pH=4) using 0.1M HCl solution.

Natural Dyeing of Cotton Fabrics with Rumex crispus L. Root (소루쟁이뿌리를 이용한 면직물 천연염색)

  • Han, Mi-Ran;Lee, Jeong-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
    • /
    • v.33 no.2
    • /
    • pp.222-229
    • /
    • 2009
  • The natural dyeing of cotton fabrics with Rumex crispus L. root extract was investigated. The dyeability of Rumex crispus L. root extract was evaluated with conditions of concentration, temperature, time, repeat-numbers, pH, mordants variables, methods of mordanting, color fastness and antibacterial activity, etc. The maximum V-visible spectrum possessed absorption band of Rumex crispus L. extract appeared at 274nm and 336nm. The amount of dyes extracted was increased with extracting concentration, temperature and time. The K/S value increased with increasing dyeing concentration and repeat-numbers. The K/S value increased with increasing dyeing temperature and time, the exhaustion was saturated in $90^{\circ}C\;and\;80min$, respectively. Surface colors of fabrics dyed with pH 3, 7, 11 extract were RP-R-YR-Y range. The light fastness and washing fastness showed good results in Fe-mordanted. The dry leaning fastness appeared more than 4 grade. Rubbing fastness was better in dry methods han that in wet methods. In the result of antibacterial activity, the decrease rate was 9.9% to Staphylococcus aureus with the dyed fabric of cotton.

Dyeing Characteristics of Herb Dyed Fabrics Treated with Mordants - Focused on Sage and Rosemary Extract - (매염제 처리에 의한 허브 염색직물의 염착 특성 - 세이지와 로즈마리 추출물 중심으로 -)

  • Goo, Sin Ae;Bae, Hyun Sook
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
    • /
    • v.22 no.1
    • /
    • pp.119-129
    • /
    • 2020
  • Unlike synthetic dyes, natural dyes do not affect the human body or create atmosphere pollution that are also mothproof, antibiotic and sterilized. This study examined the changes in dye adsorption properties according to mordant types and mordanting method to qualify trends using sage and rosemary extracts. Dyeability of sage extract is often similar to rosemary extract regardless of dyeing conditions. Dyeing properties of herb colorants on cotton, silk and wool fiber and effect of dyeing conditions on dye uptake were also compared. Dyed fabric showed a yellowish color and the dyeing affinity was somewhat good with rosemary extract. The surface color of the dyed fabrics was darkened by mordant treatment. The K/S value of herb colorants of protein fiber was higher than cellulose fiber. The concentration of mordant having the highest dyeing affinity was different from the mordant type. Regardless of the type of fiber, the K/S value of premordanting was the highest in mordanting method, and the K/S value of simultaneous mordanting indicated no noticeable mordant effect. The fastness of washing of silk fabric was reduced the most by mordant treatment. The lightfastness was reduced in Al mordant treatment regardless of the type of fiber. The lightfastness of wool increased somewhat by mordant treatment.

Detergency of Triolein in Mixed Burfactant Solutions (혼합 계면활성제용액에서 Triolein의 세척성)

  • 정혜원
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
    • /
    • v.20 no.2
    • /
    • pp.390-397
    • /
    • 1996
  • The effects of the mixture of surfactants on the removal of triolein applied to cotton and polyester fabrics were studied. The sunactants which were usually formulated to the Iriundry detergents, such as sodium dodecyl sulfonate (LAS), sodium lauryl sulfate (AS), $\alpha$-olefin sulfonate (AOS, C=14), sodium laurethoxy sulfate (AES, EO=3) and lauryl ethoxylate (AE, EO=7) were used. Washing was done at 40'C, 60"C, 80'c and the surfactant concentration was 0.05%. Backscattered electron imaging was made to study the location of triolein in the yarns. Triolein was removed easily from polyester than cotton fabrics.01eic acid added triolein wa9 removed greater than triolein only, except in AE solutions. In AE solutions, the removal of triolein was increased as the tremperature went higher and the increasing rate of the removal of triolein only was greater than that of oleic acid added triolein. In the result, more triolein was removed from triolein only than from oleic acid added triolein at 80t When the other surfactant was added to LAS, AES was the best to cotton fabrics, AOS was to polyester fabrics. Triolein was located in the lumen and grooves of the fibers and the deeper interfiber spaces. Triolein did not make thin film arround the cotton fiber in the surface, but polyester fibers. These are the main reason why the removal of triolein was difficult from cotton fabrics.rics.

  • PDF

Sericin-Fixed Silk Fiber as an Immobilization Support of Enzyme

  • Lee Ki Hoon;Kang Gyung Don;Shin Bong Seob;Park Young Hwan
    • Fibers and Polymers
    • /
    • v.6 no.1
    • /
    • pp.1-5
    • /
    • 2005
  • In this study, we attempted to evaluate a novel use of sericin-fixed silk fiber (SFx) as an immobilization support of enzyme. Sericin was fixed on the silk fiber using glutaraldehyde as a fixation reagent. After 6 hours of fixation, the degree of fixation increases linearly with linear decrease of the amount of bound $\alpha$-chymotrypsin (CT). This suggests that the increase of the degree of fixation is due to the further crosslinking of free aldehyde groups on the surface of sericin-fixed silk fiber (SFx). Even though perfect fixation was not achieved, sericin did not dissolve seriously and could be removed by further washing. The specific activity did not differ significantly after 6 hours of fixation. The activity of immobilized CT on SFx decreased to its half after 6 hours of incubation at 50$^{\circ}C$. However, it retained $78\%$ of initial activity even after 1 hour of treat­ment with $100\%$ ethanol. As a result, the SFx could be used as an immobilization support of enzyme in non-aqueous media at ambient temperature.