• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of applying the Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) as a tool to enhance the skin absorption of arbutin, a well-known skin-whitening agent. Arbutin solution or skin formulation was applied on the back of hairless mouse skin in vivo after IPL treatment, and then the skin deposition of arbutin was determined by HPLC. IPL treatment significantly increased the amount of arbutin in the skin after 6 hours when arbutin solution was applied 20 times. IPL also enhanced the skin deposition of arbutin when arbutin formulation was applied, although it was not significantly different. Significant increase of surface skin temperature was observed by IPL treatment, which might be a mechanism of the enhanced skin absorption of arbutin. These results suggest the feasibility of using IPL as a tool to increase the skin absorption of whitening agents, although further research needs to be conducted to understand its exact mechanism.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

The study was performed to optimize the processing conditions (alkali concentration, extraction time, and temperature) for rockfish skin gelatin based on yield using response surface methodology and comparison of the physicochemical properties with those of rockfish skin gelatin pretreated and extracted under ordinary conditions (alkali treatment concentration: 1.0 M; extraction time: 2 hr; extraction temperature: $60^{\circ}C$). Predicted maximum gelatin yield of 19.1% and gelatin content of 87.8% were obtained by extraction at $106.6^{\circ}C$ for 69.0 min after pretreatment with 1.1 M calcium hydroxide. Yield of gelatin extracted under high temperature/high pressure (G-HT/HP) was 54% higher than that extracted under ordinary temperature/time (G-OT/T). However, G-HT/HP was inferior in gel strength and gelling point to (G-OT/T), but comparable in transmission. Based on the physicochemical properties, G-HT/HP was unsuitable for use in products requiring higher physical properties, but could be useful for health-functional foods.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.4257-4260
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• 2011

온천수는 땅 표면에 자연 용출되거나 인공적으로 시추하여 끌어올린 지하수로서 수온이 그 지역의 연평균 기온 또는 그 지역의 얕은 지층의 지하수 수온보다 높아야 한다. 우리나라는 섭씨 25도 이상을 온천으로 규정하고 있다. 온천수는 일반적으로 혈액순환, 진통완화, 진정작용, 피부미용에 효과가 있는 것으로 널리 알려져 있으며 이것의 효능은 일반적으로 수온과 물속에 포함되어 있는 다양한 미네랄 성분의(Na, Si, Mg 등) 작용으로 알려져 있다. 온양 온천은 우리나라에서 가장 오래된 온천지구로 우리나라의 가장 대표적인 온천중에 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 온천수를 화장품 제형에 적용하여 피부자극테스트를 통하여 피부자극이 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 온양온천수를 이용한 제품에서 8.56%의 경피 수분함유량의 증가와 -67.74%의 상대 경피 수분증발량 감소가 나타나 온양온천수를 활용한 화장품의 피부개선 효과가 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1803-1806
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• 2003

Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are fluids used during machining and grinding to prolong the lift of the tool, carry away debris, and protect the surfaces of work pieces. These fluids reduce friction between the cutting tool and the work surface. reduce wear and galling, protect surface characteristics, reduce surface adhesion or welding and carry away generated heat. Workers can be exposed to MWFs by inhaling aerosols (mists) and by skin contact with the fluid. Skin contact occurs by dipping the hands into the fluid, splashes, or handling workpieces coated with the fluids. The amount of mist generated (and the resulting level of exposure) depends on many factors. To reduce the environmental pollution wastes and the potential health risks associated with occupational exposures to MWFs, it is required to establish optimum MWFs supply method and condition with minimum quantity in all over the mechanical machining field including high-speed type heavy cutting process.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2001

In this paper, through a series of comparative experiments, effects of two different cure processing methods, cocure and precure, on the mechanical properties of honeycomb core materials for aircraft applications are considered. Mass of moisture accumulated into the closed cells of the sandwich panel specimen from the measured mass of moisture diffused to the full saturation state into the elements(skin, adhesive layer, Nomex honeycomb), consisting the honeycomb sandwich specimen has been calculated. Water reservoir of 70$\^{C}$ was used to have specimens absorb moisture to see the influence of moisture absorbed into sandwich panel on its mechanical properties. For the repair condition holding for 2 hours at 177$\^{C}$(350℉) temperature, a pressure due to the vapor expansion in each cell of the sandwich panel, which may result in the local separation of the interface between laminated skin and the surface of the honeycomb, has been estimated by vapor pressure-temperature relation from the thermodynamic steam table and compared to the pressure from the ideal gas state equation. The bonding strengths of the laminated skins on the flat surface of the Nomex honeycomb have been compared by the flatwise tension test and climbing drum peel test performed at room temperature for dry, wet and wet-repair specimens, respectively.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.139-146
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• 1998

The actual clothing conditions of male collegian were surveyed to analyse clothing contents and the rate of wearing underwear. Then, clothing microclimate, physiological responses, and subjective sensations were investigated through wearing trials on human body in climatic chamber based on the results from the survey. The results were follows: 1. Male collegian wore T-shirts, jeans, and socks in summer, and total clothing weight per body surface area was $561g/m^2$. The number of clothes for upper body were 1 layer, but the number of clothes for lower body were 2 layers. Subjective sensations have no significant difference with wearing underwear. 2. Most physiological responses including temperature inside clothing, mean skin temperature, skin temperature of chest, abdomen, thigh, and lower leg, and sweat rate, were higher in with-underwear than in without-underwear. But pulse rates were not significantly different between with-and without-underwear.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.757-762
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 표면에 사인주기의 온도변화를 주었을 때 인체피부 조직의 온도변화에 대해 연구 하였다. 표피, 진피 및 피하조직으로 이루어진 피부 각 층의 서로 다른 물성치의 영향을 Pennes 열전달 방정식을 이용한 수치해석방법으로 풀이하여 조사하였다. 각 조직의 서로 다른 물성치가 온도분포에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 또 물성치 변화의 영향을 많이 받는 진피부분에 대해서 관류율의 영향을 조사하였다. 해석 결과 동일한 물성치를 사용한 경우와 달리 서로 다른 물성치를 사용하였을 때, 피부깊이에 따른 온도분포가 불연속적으로 나타났다.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2021

Background and Objectives Although lasers have been widely applied in tissue treatment, the light penetration depth in tissues is limited by the tissue turbidity and affected by its absorption and scattering characteristics. This study investigated the effect of using an optical clearing agent (OCA) on tissue to improve the therapeutic effect of 1064 nm wavelength laser light by reducing the heat generated on the skin surface and increasing the penetration depth. Materials and Methods A diode laser (λ = 1064 nm) was applied to a porcine specimen with and without OCA to investigate the penetration depth of the laser light and temperature distribution. A numerical simulation using the finite element method was performed to investigate the temperature distribution of the specimen compared to ex-vivo experiments using a thermocouple and double-integrating sphere to measure the temperature profile and optical properties of the tissue, respectively. Results Simulation results showed a decrease in tissue surface temperature with increased penetration depth when the OCA was applied. Furthermore, both absorption and scattering coefficients decreased with the application of OCA. In ex-vivo experiments, temperatures decreased for the tissue surface and the fat layer with the OCA, but not for the muscle layer. Conclusion The use of an OCA may be helpful for reducing surface heat generation and enhance the light penetration depth in various near-infrared laser treatments.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.647-650
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• 2006

The factors affecting clothing comfort are temperature, humidity, and air velocity of clothing microclimate which is the temperature and the humidity between the skin surface and the innermost garment, clothing pressure and clothing texture to the skin. This study was designed to estimate the distribution of clothing microclimate on the upper body. All the data of this study were collected from volunteered male subjects in the controlled climate chamber laboratory in which the temperature was $25\pm1^{\circ}C$, the relative humidity $50\pm5%$, and the air velocity 30cm/sec. All subjects should wear long-sleeved inner wear and pants woven in 100% cotton. Clothing microclimate temperature at 16 sites on the chest and 16 sites on the back was measured. The results were as follows: the distribution of the clothing microclimate temperature on the upper body was $30.6\sim34.7^{\circ}C$ on the breast and $31.5\sim35.4^{\circ}C$ on the back. While a mean temperature on the chest was 33.3$^{\circ}C$, it was 33.1$^{\circ}C$ on the back.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2011

본 연구는 실험을 위해 저수온에서 순치 중이던 쥐치에서 체표의 백탁을 보이며 폐사하여 그 원인을 밝히고자 하였다. 순수 배양된 균체를 확인하여 계대 배양하여 생화학적 성상과 16S rRNA유전자와 recA 유전자의 염기서열 분석 결과 Vibrio anguillarum으로 나타났다. 빈사어 (체장 4~6 cm)의 약 30%는 체표 백탁 증상을 보였으며 약 10%는 폐사하였다. 이에 약제 감수성 시험 후, oxolinic acid 200 ppm을 1시간 동안 약욕시켰으며, 2일 경과 후 폐사가 중단되고 증상이 호전되었다.