• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 1992

The two isolates of Streptomyces antagonistic to Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum were identified as based on the morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics on various culture media. Spore chains of St-11 isolate was rectus-flexibilis(RF), whereas the other isolate, St-20, was shown rectinaculum-apertum(RA). Spore surface of St-11 isolate was smooth, while St-20 was spiny. Aerial mycelia of the two isolates were all gray color and growing conditions on media were good as a whole. Any soluble pigment was not shown in cultivation of the two isolates. Stoll isolate showed negative response on starch hydrolysis and gelation liquefaction, whereas St-20 isolate was positive on starch hydrolysis and a negative on gelatin reaction. Stoll isolate was identified as Streptomyces bikiniensis and St-20 Streptomyces echinoruber, respectively.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2005

Montmorillonite (MMT) modified with siloxane diamine was reacted with a reactant obtained from 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) and polyester type polyol, $Nippollan4010(\bar{M}_n2000)$. Finally, polyurethane (PU)/MMT composites were prepared by using 1,4-butane diol as a chain extender in $25\;wt\%$ solution of N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc). It was expected that these nanocomposites had superior exfoliation property to that of MMT dispersed polyurethanes produced by simple mixing due to insertion of siloxane main chain to the silicate interlayer of MMT. Extent of reaction and formation of final products were analysed by using FT-IR spectroscopy. Dispersion into the PU and intercalation of MMT were identified by applying X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tensile data were acquired by universal test machine (UTM). Thermal stability and variation of surface energy were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) method and measurement of contact angle on the synthesized composites, respectively. As the results the organo-MMT modified with siloxane diamine in the PU composites has an intercalated structure relatively well-expanded rather than a completely exfoliated structure. The tensile strengths and the moduli for the PU/organo-MMT composites were drastically enhanced in comparison to those of $PU/Na^+-MMT$ composites.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.451-457
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• 1987

Reoperations following cardiac surgery have an increased risk of the danger of damaging the heart, great vessels or extracardiac grafts because of adhesions to the sternum. We experimentally evaluated 3 different methods for pericardial closure. A standardized procedure for induction of pericardial adhesions was carried out in 30 rabbits. For closure of pericardium, animals were divided into 3 groups, 10 animals respectively: Croup 1 [simple pericardial closure]The pericardium was primarily resuture; Group 2 [Core-Tex surgical membrane as a pericardial substitute]- A Gore-Tex surgical membrane was interposed between the sternum and the heart; and Group 3 [pericardial tension releasing technique]-Three longitudinal overlapping incisions were made on the right side of the pericardium while the midline incison was sutured. Animals were put to death 4 weeks postoperatively and the pericardial space was examined for pericardial adhesions and epicardial reactions. The extent of adhesions and reactions were graded as: I-none; II-minimal; III-moderate; and IV-severe. Histologic studies of the pericardium, the pericardial substitute and the epicardium were also performed. The results were as follows: 1. In group 1 [simple pericardial closure], the degree of pericardial adhesions were grade I in 1 animal, grade II in 2, grade III in 4 and grade IV in 3. Epicardial reactions were grade I in 1 animal, grade II in 3, grade III in 5 and grade IV in 1. Histologic examination revealed thick fibrous tissue that obliterated the pericardial space in 7 animals. 2. In group 2 [Gore-Tex surgical membrane as a pericardial substitute], the degree of pericardial adhesions were grade I in 3 animals, grade II in 3, grade III in 2 and grade IV in 2. The degree of epicardial reactions were grade II in 1 animal, grade III in 5 and grade IV in 4. Histologic studies revealed a thin layer of dense fibrous tissue which covered the Gore-Tex surgical membrane and thick loose fibrous tissue on the epicardium just beneath the substitute. 3. In group 3 [pericardial tension releasing technique], the degree of pericardial adhesions were grade I in 3 animals, grade II in 4, grade III in 2 and grade IV in 1. The degree of epicardial reactions were grade 1 in 4 animals, grade II in 4 and grade III in 2. Severe epicardial reactions were not observed in this group. Histologic examination showed normal epicardium in 4 animals and the epicardium of the other 6 animals only revealed very thin fibrous layer compared to group I and group II. Pericardial adhesions more than grade III were 70% in group 1, 40% in group 2 and 30% in group 3. Pericardial adhesions were reduced in group 2 and group 3 compared to group 1, but statistically not significant. Epicardial reactions more than grade III were 60% in group 1, 90% in group 2 and 20% in group 3. Epicardial reactions were significantly reduced in group 3 compared to group 2. Author`s modified pericardial releasing technique provides marked augment of pericardial surface area and facilitates tension-free pericardial closure. Furthermore, pericardial adhesion and epicardial reaction will be reduced with the pericardial tension releasing technique.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.318-321
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• 2009

Purpose: The bony mallet finger injury is generally managed by conservative treatments, but operative treatments are needed especially when the fractures involve above 30% of articular surface or distal phalanx is accompanied by subluxation in the volar side. This is the reason they often result in chronic instability, articular subluxation and unsatisfactory cosmetic. In this report, We describe new method using the hook plate as an operative treatment of Mallet finger deformity. Methods: Among 13 patients with Mallet finger deformity who came from February 2006 to February 2008, six patient were included in surgical indication. Under local anesthesia, H or Y type incision was made at the DIP joint area. After the DIP joint extension, the hook plate was put on the fracture line, and one self tapping screw was used for fixation. 2 hole plate which was one of the holes in 1.5 mm diameter was cut in almost half and bended through approximately $100^{\circ}$. Results: In all six cases which applied the hook plate, complications such as loss of reduction or nail deformity were not seen. In only one patient, hook pate was removed due to inflammatory reaction after surgery. At 2 weeks after operation, active motion of DIP joint was performed. The result was satisfactory not only cosmetically but also functionally. At 6 weeks after operation, the range of motion of DIP joint was average $64^{\circ}$. Conclusion: The purpose of the operative treatment for mallet finger deformity using the hook plate is to provide anatomical reduction with rigid fixation and to prevent contracture at the DIP joint. While other operations take 6 weeks, the operation using the hook plate begins an active motion at 2 weeks after operation. Complication rate was low and the method is rather simple. Thus, the operation using the hook plate is recommended as a good alternative method of the mallet finger deformity treatment.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 2011

Empyema necessitatis refers to empyema that extends into the extrapleural space through a defect in the pleural surface. Tuberculous empyema necessitatis is a rare complication of tuberculosis. We experienced a 21-month-old boy with tuberculous empyema necessitatis with osteomyelitis in the right $7^{th}$ rib. He presented with a mass on the right lateral chest wall, which was soft and nontender, enlarging for one month. He also had mild fever. The plain radiograph of his chest revealed soft tissue swelling and calcified lymph node on the left axilla, and his PPD skin test was positive. CT scan of the chest showed empyema necessitatis at the right lower chest and upper abdominal walls with osteomyelitis of the right $7^{th}$ rib. He did not have concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis. Surgery was performed for diagnosis and treatment. In histopathologic findings, chronic granulomatous inflammation with caseation necrosis was shown and was positive for acid fast bacilli stain. In addition, M. tuberculosis complex was found as etiology by polymerase chain reaction. The patient has been treated with anti-tuberculous medication without any specific complication.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.2 s.50
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• pp.526-541
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• 1995

This study was conducted to estimate the validity of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) compared to enzyme immunoassay(EIA) for the detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. EIA for antibody to HCV(anti-HCV) and RT-PCR for HCV was executed on the subjects from Pusan and Kyungnam area with questionnaire survey to collect some relating factors of HCV infection. As the result from 617 cases, the prevalence of HCV infection was 1.5% by EIA and 3.7% by RT-PCR(p<0.05), and the age standardized rate was 1.7% and 3.4% by EIA and RT-PCR, respectively. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) was 6.8% by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and the age standardized rate was 7.7%. It was the higher in male group comparing to female group(p<0.01). Both of the prevalence of HCV and HBsAg were higher in elevated asparate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) group than in normal AST and ALT group(p<0.01). There was no specific risk factor of HCV infection. Though the degree of agreement of EIA and RT-PCR by gamma statistics was 97.2%, it showed a significant difference between the two methods(p<0.01). For the detection of HCV infection, positive predictive value of EIA was 66.7% and negative predictive value of EIA was 97.2%. This study suggests that negative result to anti-HCV by EIA didn't mean the free state of HCV infection, therefore it would be helpful that further monitoring for HCV infection by RT-PCR in the case of elevated AST and ALT and/or clinically suspected.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.1030-1035
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• 1998

The porous alumina membrane was prepared from aluminum metal(99.8%) by anodic oxidation using DC power supply of constant current mode in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. To prevent the chemical dissolution of alumina membrane, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, $AlPO_4$ and $Al(NO_3)_3$ which could be considered to supply $Al^{3+}$ ions were added to electrolyte solution at a reaction temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ and cumulative charge of $150C/cm^2$. Effects of these additives on the formation of porous alumina membrane were evaluated under various electrolyte concentration(5~20 wt%) and current densities($10{\sim}50mA/cm^2$). The membrane surfaces which were prepared in electrolyte solution with all the additives except $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ were damaged. However, when $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ was added to the $H_2SO_4$ solution, an uniform surface of porous alumina was obtained. Also, it was shown that the pore size of membrane was nearly independent on the quantity of $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ added at same electrolyte concentration and current density.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.621-627
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• 2008

In this study, a technique of speciation and determination of the trace inorganic arsenic(As(III) and As(V)) in water sample using HPLC-DRC-ICP-MS has been developed. Isocratic mobile phase of 10 mM ammonium nitrate and 10 mM ammonium phosphate monobasic was used and methanol(5 v/v%) was used as flushing solvent. Selection of the best flow rate of reaction gas, O$_2$, and optimization of the parameters such as pH and flow rate of mobile phase, and injection volume of sample for the separation and detection of arsenic species were carried out. The oxygen flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, pH of 9.4 and flow rate of 1.5 mL/min of mobile phase, and injection volume of sample of 100 $\mu$L were found to be the best parameters for the speciation and determination of arsenic species. The analytical features of the method were detection limit 0.10 and 0.08 $\mu$g/L, precision(RSD) 4.3% and 3.6%, and recovery 95.2% and 96.4% for As(III) and As(V), respectively. Analysis time was 4 minutes per sample. Linear calibration graphs with r$^2$ = 0.998 were obtained for both As(III) and As(V). Speciation analysis of arsenic species in the raw water samples collected from the tributary streams to Han River and main stream of Paldnag were performed by the proposed method. The concentrations of As(III) ranged from 0.10 to 0.22 $\mu$g/L and As(V) concentrations ranged from 0.44 to 1.19 $\mu$g/L, and 93.5% of total arsenic was found to be As(V).

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.235-245
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• 2012

Nondestructive deterioration diagnosis has been carried out for the former ore dressing plant of the Yongwha mine in Yeongyang (Registered Cultural Property No. 255). Deterioration rates about organic contaminant and soil of the upper part (7 to 13 layer) indicate higher than the lower part (1 to 6 layer) of the ore dressing plants. By contrast, deterioration rates such as crack, break out and discoloration of the lower part indicate very higher than the upper part. It is estimated that the plants of the lower part that mechanical and chemical process had been done for flotation were damaged severely by physicochemical weathering with reaction of concrete and chemical solution. As results of ultrasonic velocity measurement, average p-wave velocity of plants were measured 2,462m/s (compressive strength $529kgf/cm^2$). As for the analytical results of surface contaminants and soil compositions using P-XRF, they were identical with major elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe and As) of ore minerals from the Yongwha mine. Therefore, the ore dressing plant should be treated by phytoremediation with conservation because heavy metals could impinged upon plants and natural environment.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 2006

In this study, an experimental study on the sorption properties of uranium(VI) onto a bentonite colloid generated from Gyeongju bentonite which is a potential buffer material in a high-level radioactive waste repository was performed as a function of the pH and the ionic strength. The bentonite colloid prepared by separating a colloidal fraction was mainly composed of montmorillonite. The concentration and the size fraction of the prepared bentonite colloid measured using a gravitational filtration method was about 5100 ppm and 200-450 nm in diameter, respectively. The amount of uranium removed by the sorption reaction bottle walls, by precipitation, and by ultrafiltration was analyzed by carrying out some blank tests. The removed amount of uranium was found not to be significant except the case of ultrafiltration at 0.001 M $NaClO_4$. The ultrafiltration was significant in the lower ionic strength of 0.001 M $NaClO_4$ due to the cationic sorption onto the ultrafilter by a surface charge reversion. The distribution coefficient $K_d$ (or pseudo-colloid formation constant) of uranium(VI) for the bentonite colloid was about $10^4{\sim}10^7mL/g$ depending upon pH and ionic strength of $NaClO_4$ and the $K_d$ was highest in the neutral pH around 6.5. It is noted that the sorption of uranium(VI) onto the bentonite colloid is closely related with aqueous species of uranium depending upon geochemical parameters such as pH, ionic strength, and carbonate concentration. As a consequence, the bentonite colloids generated from a bentonite buffer can mobilize the uranium(VI) as a colloidal form through geological media due to their high sorption capacity.