• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1379-1385
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• 2018

당사슬은 당단백질과 단백당에 결합하며, 일반적으로 세포의 최외각 표면에서 발견된다. O-연결 당사슬과 N-연결 당사슬은 진핵세포에 흔히 존재하는 당사슬이며 원핵세포에서도 발견된다. 세포 표면에 존재하는 당사슬과 주변에 동일한 종류의 세포막에 노출된 당사슬 결합 단백질과의 상호작용, 전혀 다른 종류의 세포와의 상호작용, 또는 질병 유발 균주와 바이러스와의 상호작용은 생물학 및 의생명과학에 있어서 질병원인물질 인식, 세포 이동, 세포간의 결합, 발생, 그리고 감염 등과 같은 과정에 있어서 매우 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 각종 질병 상황에서의 당사슬의 프로파일의 변화와 역할은 당사슬이 질병 진단 마커로 활용할 가능성을 제시한다. 이에 더하여, 기존의 많은 선행 연구들에서, 재조합 단백질 의약품에 결합된 당사슬은 재조합 단백질 의약품의 용해도, 약동역학, 약물 활성, 생체활성, 안전성을 적절하게 유지하고 결정짓는데 중요한 요소가 된다. 게다가, 암의 발생과 진전의 영향으로 인해 당사슬 가지 끝에 결합하는 시알릭산의 당질화 양상의 변화는 세포와 세포간 상호작용, 인식 그리고 면역 반응에 매우 중요한 요소로 작용한다. 본 총설에서는 당사슬의 생물학적인 기능에 대한 전반적인 이해를 돕고, 당질화 현상과 질병 진단 및 질병 치료 기법간의 상호 연관성을 간략히 설명하고자 한다. 추가적으로 혈액 내 혈청에 존재하는 당사슬의 프로파일의 변화를 분석하는 대량효능검색 방법과 이로 인해 유도되는 생화학적 작용 기작을 살펴보았다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2007

호흡운동 조절 방사선치료 시 환자체표면 움직임을 추적하여 실시간 보정하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 사용한 시스템은 치료테이블에 기반을 둔 동 팬텀(CBMP, couch based computer-controlled motion phantom), 초음파 센서 및 제어, 구동, 분석 프로그램 등으로 구성하였다 동물실험 결과 호흡주기는 2.9초이었고, 호흡진폭은 6mm이었다. 실시간 체표면 추적시스템의 유용성 평가에 중요한 항목인 호흡운동 획득-보정간의 지연시간은 $2.34{\times}10^{-4}sec$ 초이어서 호흡운동 조절 방사선치료 시 사용할 수 있는 새로운 실시간 체표면 추적 기술의 임상적용에의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1256-1262
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• 1997

연구배경 : 유착분지는 염증세포와 내피세포의 유착과, 이동, 동원에 관여하는 것으로 알려졌다. 이러한 유착분자가운데 ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin은 각종 염증질환이나 알레르기질환, 박테리아나 바이러스성 질환 및 어떤 암종에서 혈청내 농도가 증가되어 있음이 보고되었다. 결핵은 Mycobacterium tuberculosis에 의하여 생기는 감염으로 세포면역반응이 중요한 역할을 하며 결핵병변 부위로 여러 염증세포들이 모여드는 것이 병인에 중요한 역할을 하고 여기에 유착분자들이 관여하는 것으로 보인다. 이에 저자들은 경증, 중등증, 중증 결핵 환자의 혈청에서 sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin농도를 측정하여 결핵의 활성 정도와 농도와의 관계, 결핵 병인과의 관계에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1995년 1월부터 1996년 3월까지 전북대학교병원 내과에 입원하여 진단 받은 환자 51명을 대상으로 하였으며, 정상 대조군운 5명으로 하였다. 결핵의 진단은 흉부 X선 촬영 및 도말검사나 배양경사로 하였으며 환자군은 국제 결핵 협회분류에 따라 각각 경증, 중등증, 중증으로 분류하였다. Genzyme사의 Predicta ICAM-1 ELISA kit, R & D systems사의 VCAM-1 ELISA kit와 E-selectin ELISA kit를 이용하여 혈청 sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin 농도를 측정하였다. 결 과 : sICAM-1은 정상대조군에 비해 중등증 및 중증의 활동성 폐결핵환자에서 유의있게 증가하였고, 질병의 증도에 따라 sICAM-1의 농도가 유의있게 증가하였다. sVCAM-1은 정상 대조군에 비해 활동성 폐결핵 환자에서 유의있게 증가하였으나 질병의 중증도에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. sE-selectin은 중증의 활동성 폐결핵 환자에서만 유의있게 증가하였다. 결 론 : sICAM -1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin이 결핵의 병인에 관여하고, 이중 sICAM-1과 sVCAM-1이 유의하게 결핵의 활성도를 반영하며, 특히 sICAM-1은 중증도를 반영하는 유용한 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2012

목적: 백서 중간엽 줄기세포에 페리틴 유전자를 형질 도입시켜 생물학적 특성의 변화 유무를 평가하고, 자기공명영상에서 신호강도의 차이를 확인해보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 백서 중간엽 줄기세포에 렌티바이러스를 이용하여 사람유래 재조합 페리틴과 녹색형광단백질 유전자의 과발현을 유도하였다. 페리틴 유전자가 발현된 백서 중간엽 줄기세포의 증식성과 생존능을 분석하기 위해 MTT 어세이를 수행하였으며, 유세포 분석을 수행하여 중간엽 줄기세포의 표면 마커 발현을 평가하고, 세포 내 철 함량을 측정하고 프러시안 블루 염색을 시행하여 철 축적능력을 분석하였다. 세포 팬텀을 이용하여 9.4 T 자기공영영상 기기를 이용하여 검출가능성을 평가하였다. 결과: 페리틴과 녹색형광 유전자는 백서 중간엽 줄기세포에서 안정적으로 발현되었다. 페리틴 유전자의 과발현으로 인해 백서 중간엽 줄기세포의 생물학적 특성 (증식능력, 생존능, 표면마커)은 영향을 받지 않았다. 페리틴을 발현하는 중간엽 줄기세포에서 철의 축적능력이 증가된 것이 확인되었고, T2 이완 시간은 유의하게 감소하였다. 결론: 줄기세포 치료 연구에서 자기공명 리포터 유전자 페리틴은 자기공명영상법을 이용하여 중간엽 줄기세포를 비침습적으로 가시화 할 수 있고 이를 이용하여 생체추적이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.437-447
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• 2011

In this study, the lower limbs joints were analyzed for features based on the biomechanical characteristics of landing techniques according to height and landing on the ground type (flats and downhill). In order to achieve the objectives of the study, changes were analyzed in detail contents such as the height and form of the first landing on the ground at different angles of joints, torso and legs, torso and legs of the difference in the range of angular motion of the joint, the maximum angular difference between joints, the lower limbs joints difference between the maximum moment and the difference between COM changes. The subjects in this study do not last six months did not experience joint injuries 10 males in 20 aged were tested. Experimental tools to analyze were the recording and video equipment. Samsung's SCH-650A model camera was used six units, and the 2 GRF-based AMTI were used BP400800 model. 6-unit-camera synchronized with LED (photo cell) and Line Lock system were used. the output from the camera and the ground reaction force based on the data to synchronize A/D Syc. box was used. To calculate the coordinates of three-dimensional space, $1m{\times}3m{\times}2m$ (X, Y, Z axis) to the size of the control points attached to the framework of 36 markers were used, and 29 where the body was taken by attaching a marker to the surface. Two kinds of land condition, 40cm and 60cm in height, and ground conditions in the form of two kinds of flat and downhill slopes ($10^{\circ}$) of the landing operation was performed and each subject's 3 mean two-way RM ANOVA in SPSS 18.0 was used and this time, all the significant level was set at a=.05. Consequently, analyzing the landing technique as land form and land on the ground, the changes of external environmental factors, and the lower limbs joints' function in the evaluation were significantly different from the slopes. Landing of the slop plane were more load on the joints than landing of plane. Especially, knee extensor moment compared to the two kinds of landing, slopes plane were approximately two times higher than flat plane, and it was statistical significance. Most of all not so much range of motion and angular velocity of the shock to reduce stress was important. In the further research, front landing as well as various direction of motion of kinetic, kinetic factors and EMG variables on lower limbs joints of the study in terms of injury-prevention-approach is going to be needed.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2010

Aim of the study: An alternative source of adult stem cells that could be obtained in large quantities, under local anesthesia, with minimal discomfort would be advantageous. Adipose tissue could be processed to obtain a fibroblast-like population of cells or adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ATSCs). This study was performed to confirm the availability of ATSCs in bone tissue engineering. Materials amp; Methods: In this study, adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell was extracted from the liposuctioned abdominal fat of 24-old human and cultivated, and the stem cell surface markers of CD 105 and SCF-R were confirmed by immunofluorescent staining. The proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and ATSCs were compared, and evaluated the osteogenic differentiation of ATSCs in a specific osteogenic induction medium. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by von Kossa and alkaline phosphatase staining. Expression of osteocyte specific BMP-2, ALP, Cbfa-1, Osteopontin and osteocalcin were confirmed by RT-PCR. With differentiation of ATSCs, calcium concentration was assayed, and osteocalcin was evaluated by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay). The bone formation by 5-week implantation of HA/TCP block loaded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and ATSCs in the subcutaneous pocket of nude mouse was evaluated by histologic analysis. Results: ATSCs incubated in the osteogenic medium were stained positively for von Kossa and alkaline phosphatase staining. Expression of osteocyte specific genes was also detected. ATSCs could be easily identified through fluorescence microscopy, and bone formation in vivo was confirmed by using ATSC-loaded HA/TCP scaffold. Conclusions: The present results show that ATSCs have an ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and formed bone in vitro and in vivo. So ATSCs may be an ideal source for further experiments on stem cell biology and bone tissue engineering.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.790-796
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• 2016

Dental pulp is a highly vascularized tissue requiring adequate blood supply for successful regeneration. In this study, we investigated the functional role of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) as a perivascular source for in vivo formation of vessel-like structures. Primarily isolated SHEDs showed mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like characteristics including the expression of surface antigens and in vitro osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potentials. Moreover, SHEDs were positive for NG2, ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin (SMA), platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta ($PDGFR{\beta}$), and CD146 as pericyte markers. To prove feasibility of SHEDs as perivascular source, SHEDs were transplanted into immunodeficient mouse using Matrigel with or without human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Transplantation of SHEDs alone or HUVECs alone resulted in no formation of vessel-like structures with enough red blood cells. However, when SHEDs and HUVECs were transplanted together, extensive vessel-like structures were formed. The presence of murine erythrocytes within lumens suggested the formation of anastomoses between newly formed vessel-like structures in Matrigel plug and the host circulatory system. To understand underlying mechanisms of in vivo angiogenesis, the expression of angiogenic cytokine and chemokine, their receptors, and MMPs was compared between SHEDs and HUVECs. SHEDs showed higher expression of1VEGF, SDF-$1{\alpha}$, and $PDGFR{\beta}$ than HUVECs. On the contrary, HUVECs showed higher expression of VEGF receptors, CXCR4, and PDGF-BB than SHEDs. This differential expression pattern suggested reciprocal interactions between SHEDs and HUVECs and their involvement during in vivo angiogenesis. In conclusion, SHEDs could be a feasible source of perivascular cells for in vivo angiogenesis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.359-372
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• 2003

Among objectives of periodontal therapy. the principal one is the morphological and functional reconstruction of lost periodontal supporting tissues. This includes de novo formation of connective tissue attachment and the regrowth of alveolar bone. The use of enamel matrix derivative(EMD) may be a suitable means of regeneration new periodontal attachment in the infrabony defects. Implant used to replace lost tooth but, implantitis occurred after installation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of EMD on differentiation and growth of osteoblast in titanium disc. Twentyfive millimeter diameter and 1mm thick Ti disc which was coated 25, 50, 100, 200${\mu}g$/ml of EMD(Emdogain(R)) used as experimental group, 25, 50, 100, 200ng/d of rhBMP-2 as positive control group, and no coat as negative control group. A human osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2 was cultured in Ti disc and cell proliferation and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were measured at 1 and 6 days. PCR was performed at 2 and 8 hours. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR for mRNA expressions of various osteoblastic differentiation markers -type I collagen, ALP, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein - were performed at appropriate concentrations based upon the results of MTT and ALP assay. Cultured cell-disc complexes were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 2 hour. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and repeated- measures 1-way analysis of variance(SPSS software version 10,SPSS. Chicago. IL). After culture, there was more osteoblast in EMD100${\mu}g$/ml than in EMD50, 200${\mu}g$/ml on day 6. There was significant difference in experimental and positive control group compared control group, as times go by(1 and 6 days). Alkaline phosphatase activity was different significantly in EMD100, 200${\mu}g$/ml and BMP100, 200${\mu}g$/ml on day 6. The results of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that expression of mRNA for ALPase, collagen type I, osteopontin. hone sialoprotein and BMP-2 was detected at 2 hour and 8 hour in EMI 200${\mu}g$/ml subgroup and BMP100ng/ml subgroup. The results of this study suggest that application of enamel matrix derivative on osteoblast attached to titanium surface facilitate the expression of bone specific protein and the differentiation and growth of osteoblast.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.14-40
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• 2002

15-Deoxy-${\Delta}^{12, 14}$-prostaglandin $J_2$ (15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$), a naturally occurring ligand activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated $receptor-{\gamma}(PPAR-{\gamma}$). Activation of $PPAR-{\gamma}$ has been found to induce cell differentiation such as adipose cell and macrophage. Here it was investigated whether 15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$ has neuronal cell differentiation and possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Dopaminergic differentiating PC 12 cells treated with 15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$ (0.2 to 1.6 ${\mu}M$) alone showed measurable neurite extension and expression of neurofilament, markers of cell differentiation. However much greater extent of neurite extension and expression of neurofilament was observed in the presence of NGF (50 ng/ml). In parallel with its increasing effect on the neurite extension and expression of neurofilament, 15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$ enhanced NGF-induced p38 MAP kinase expression and its phosphorylation in addition to the activation of transcription factor AP-1 in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, pretreatment of SD 203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase inhibited the promoting effect of 15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$(0.8 ${\mu}M$) on NGF-induced neurite extension. This inhibition correlated well with the ability of SB203580 to inhibit the enhancing effect of 15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$ on the expression of p38 MAP kinase and activation of AP-1, The promoting ability of 15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$ did not occur through $PPAR-{\gamma}$, as synthetic PPAR-${\gamma}$ agonist andantagonist did not change the neurite promoting effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$. In addition, contrast to other cells (embryonic midbrain and SK-N-MC cells), $PPAR-{\gamma}$ was not expressed in PC-12 cells. Other structure related prostaglandins, PGD$_2$ and $PGE_2$ acting via a cell surface G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) did not increase basal or NGF-induced neurite extension. Moreover, GPCR (EP and DP receptor) antagonists did not alter the promoting effect of f 5-deoxy-$PGJ_2$ on neurite extension and activation of p38 MAP kinase, suggesting that the promoting effect of 15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$ may not be mediated GPCR. These data demonstrate that activation of p38 MAP kinase in conjunction with AP-1 single pathway may be important in the promoting activity of 15-deoxy-$PGJ_2$ cells.

• 식물병연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.36-39
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• 2015

2012년과 2013년 6월 하순 강원도 횡성과 평창의 곰취(Ligularia fischeri) 재배포장에서 포기가 서서히 시들어 말라 죽는 이상 증상이 발생하였다. 발병정도는 30-80%로 병든 식물체를 조사한 결과, 줄기가 수침상으로 물러지고 썩으면서 흰색의 곰팡이와 갈색의 작고 둥근 균핵이 관찰되었다. 병원균을 순수 분리하여 병원균의 균학적 특징을 조사한 결과, 감자한천배지에서 균총은 흰색으로 잘 자라며 갈색의 작고 둥근 균핵을 많이 형성하였다. 균핵의 크기는 1-3 mm이며, 균사의 폭은 $4-10{\mu}m$였다. 균사생육과 균핵 형성 적온은 $25-30^{\circ}C$이었으며, 균사특유의 clamp connection이 관찰되었다. 또한, 병원균의 염기서열 분석결과 695 bp로 Sclerotium rolfsii와 같은 계통군으로 확인되었으며, 99% 이상의 상동성을 보였다. 이와 같이 곰취에 발생한 병징, 병원균의 균학적 특징 및 염기서열 분석 등을 종합한 결과 S. rolfsii Saccardo로 동정되어 곰취 흰비단병으로 명명하고자 한다.