• 오토저널
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.35-46
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• 1982

This paper deals with residual stress characteristics of ion-nitrided metal which is primarilly concerned with the effects of added carbon content in gas atmosphere. A small optimal amount of carbon content in gas atmosphere increase compound layer thickness, as well as to increase diffusion layer thickness and hardness. The residual stress and deflection of the specimens was measured in various elevated temperature at the surface of ion-nitrided metal and the internal stress distribution was calculated. It is found that compressive residual stress at the compound layer is largest at the compound layer, and decreases as the depth from the surface increases.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1987년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국과학기술대학, 충남; 16-17 Oct. 1987
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• pp.588-593
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• 1987

In this study, direct-drive position controllers are designed and implemented for the flying vehicles actuating system with both positive and negative load factors, where the load factors are assumed proportional to the deflection angle of control surface. Its analog and digital controllers are verified through software simulation and hardware-in-the-loop simulation.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2008년도 하계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.215-216
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• 2008

Electricity unified field is described based on magnetic theory. Maxwell Einstein Lorentz Equation & pair particle photon model was introduced for Photonics. Refractive index is calculated as deceleration and deflection of photon due to photo-induced surface magnetism. MEL equation was proved with magneto-jet assumption.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.503-514
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• 2017

The attitude control of an aircraft is usually fulfilled by means of thrusters at high altitudes. Therefore, the possibility of using also aerodynamic surfaces would produce the advantage of reducing the amount of fuel for the thrusters to be loaded on board. For this purpose, Zuppardi already considered some aerodynamic problems linked to the use of a wing flap in a previous paper. A NACA 0010 airfoil with a trailing edge flap of 35% of the chord, in the range of angle of attack 0-40 deg and flap deflections up to 30 deg was investigated. Computer tests were carried out in hypersonic, rarefied flow by a direct simulation Monte Carlo code at the altitudes of 65 and 85 km of Earth Atmosphere. The present work continues this subject, considering the same airfoil and free stream conditions but two flap extensions of 45% and 25% of the chord and two flap deflections of 15 and 30 deg. The main purpose is to compare the influence of the flap dimension with that of the flap deflection. The present analysis is carried out in terms of: 1) percentage variation of the global aerodynamic coefficients with respect to the no-flap configuration, 2) increment of pressure and heat flux on the airfoil lower surface due to the Shock Wave-Shock Wave Interaction (SWSWI) with respect to the same quantities with no SWSWI or in no-flap configuration, 3) flap hinge moment. Issues 2) and 3) are important for the design of the mechanical and thermal protection system and of the flap actuator, respectively. Under the above mentioned test and geometrical conditions, the flap deflection is aerodynamically more effective than the flap extension, because it involves higher variation of the aerodynamic coefficients. However, tests verify that a smaller deflection angle involves the advantage of a smaller increment of pressure and heat flux on the airfoil lower surface, due to SWSWI, as well as a smaller hinge moment.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2014

콘크리트 구조물의 철근 부식 문제를 해결하기 위하여 코팅철근이 사용된다. 에폭시 코팅 철근에 비해 아연코팅철근의 콘크리트 보의 휨 거동 영향에 대한 자료는 거의 없는 실정이다. 이 연구의 목적은 아연코팅철근이 콘크리트 보의 휨 거동에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 데 있다. 아연코팅철근을 사용한 부재와 일반철근을 사용한 부재의 구조실험을 통하여 휨 거동 특성을 비교하였다. 실험변수로써 철근의 아연코팅 유무, 사용 철근비와 피복 두께를 고려하였다. 아연코팅철근 콘크리트 보의 균열패턴, 균열폭, 처짐 및 변형률 특성을 파악하였다. 아연코팅철근 콘크리트 보의 휨강도는 일반철근 콘크리트 보의 휨강도와 거의 차이가 나지 않는다. 철근표면의 아연코팅은 처짐, 균열폭 비교 결과에도 뚜렷한 영향을 미치지 않는다. 또한, 아연코팅철근 보와 일반철근 보의 하중-변형률 곡선은 비슷한 결과를 나타낸다. 따라서, 전반적으로 아연코팅철근의 사용은 일반철근을 사용할 때에 비해 콘크리트 보의 휨 거동에 악영향을 미치지는 않는 것으로 나타난다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2018

표면매립공법으로 매립한 철계-형상기억합금으로 보강한 보의 휨 거동을 장기 하중 재하실험을 통해 평가하였다. 철계-형상기억합금 길이대비 2%와 4%의 사전변형 및 형상기억효과 활성화에 의한 프리스트레스 하중 도입을 실험변수로 설정하였다. 1 tonf의 콘크리트 추를 보 중앙에 거치한 후 6개월간의 보 중앙부의 장기 처짐을 측정하였다. 실험결과, 철계-형상기억합금으로 보강한 보의 휨 강성이 증대되었으며, 사전변형이 증가할수록 보강재의 강성감소로 인한 처짐이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 프리스트레스 하중 도입에 따른 처짐을 비교했을 때, 프리스트레스 하중을 도입하지 않은 실험체에 비해, 프리스트레스 하중을 도입한 실험체는 약 30%의 처짐 감소 효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.315-327
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• 2019

Deep excavations for development of subway systems in metropolitan regions surrounded by adjacent buildings is an important geotechnical problem, especialy in Tabriz city, where is mostly composed of young alluvial soils and weak marly layers. This study analyzes the wall displacement and ground surface settlement due to deep excavation in the Tabriz marls using two dimensional finite element method. The excavation of the station L2-S17 was selected as a case study for the modelling. The excavation is supported by the concrete diaphragm wall and one row of steel struts. The analyses investigate the effects of wall stiffness and excavation width on the excavation-induced deformations. The geotechnical parameters were selected based on the results of field and laboratory tests. The results indicate that the wall deflection and ground surface settlement increase with increasing excavation depth and width. The change in maximum wall deflection and ground settlement with considerable increase in wall stiffness is marginal, however the lower wall stiffness produces the larger wall and ground displacements. The maximum wall deflections induced by the excavation with a width of 8.2 m are 102.3, 69.4 and 44.3 mm, respectively for flexible, medium and stiff walls. The ratio of maximum ground settlement to maximum lateral wall deflection approaches to 1 with increasing wall stiffness. It was found that the wall stiffness affects the settlement influence zone. An increase in the wall stiffness results in a decrease in the settlements, an extension in the settlement influence zones and occurrence of the maximum settlements at a larger distance from the wall. The maximum of settlement for the excavation with a width of 14.7 m occurred at 6.1, 9.1 and 24.2 m away from the wall, respectively, for flexible, medium and stiff walls.

• 센서학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2012

In this paper, we present a pH measurement method that uses a microcantilever-array-based biosensor system. It is composed of microcantilever array, liquid cell, micro syringe pump, laser diode array, position sensitive detector, data acquisition device, and data processing software. Four microcantilevers are functionalized with pH-sensitive MHA(mercaptohexadecanoic acid) as a probe, while three microcantilevers are functionalized with HDT(hexadecane thiol) as reference. We prepare PBS(phosphate buffered saline) solutions of different pH and inject them into the liquid cell with a predefined volumetric speed at regular time intervals. The functionalized mircocantilevers in the liquid cell deflect as a self-assembled monolayer on the microcantilever binds with probe molecules in the solution. The difference in deflection between the MHA-covered probe microcantilever and the HDT-covered reference microcantilever was used to compensate for thermal drift. The deflection difference clearly increases with increasing pH in the solution. It was shown that when the pH values of the PBS solutions are high, there were large variations in the deflection of microcantilevers, whereas there were small variations for low pH value. The experimental results show that the microcantilever array functionalized with MHA and HDT can detect pH value with good repeatability.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 매립토, 풍화토, 연암등으로 구성된 지반의 흙막이 가시설 시공에 쏘일네일링을 적용하였다. 굴착중 지반 및 네일의 거동특성을 분석하기 위하여 계측과 수치해석을 수행하였다. 계측은 경사계로부터 벽면의 변위를 측정하였고 변형률계를 네일에 설치하여 굴착중 발생하는 네일의 축력을 측정하였는데 네일에 작용하는 축력은 벽면의 변위와 비례하는 것으로 조사되었으며 네일에 작용하는 축력은 벽면가까이에서 최대로 측정되었다. 또한 수치해석과 실측치를 비교한 결과 벽체변위는 실측치와 일치하였으나 네일의 축력의 크기 및 축력이 발생하는 위치등은 계측치와 상당한 차이를 보이는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2021

The increasing interest in the exploration of Mars stimulated the authors to study aerodynamic problems linked to space vehicles. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the aerodynamic effects of a flapped wing in collaborating with parachutes and retro-rockets to reduce velocity and with thrusters to control the spacecraft attitude. 3-D computations on a preliminary configuration of a blunt-cylinder, provided with flapped fins, quantified the beneficial influence of the fins. The present paper is focused on Aerodynamics of a wing section (NACA-0010) provided with a trailing edge flap. The influence of the flap deflection was evaluated by the increments of aerodynamic force and leading edge pitching moment coefficients with respect to the coefficients in clean configuration. The study was carried out by means of two Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) codes (DS2V/3V solving 2-D/3-D flow fields, respectively). A DSMC code is indispensable to simulate complex flow fields on a wing generated by Shock Wave-Shock Wave Interaction (SWSWI) due to the flap deflection. The flap angle has to be a compromise between the aerodynamic effectiveness and the increases of aerodynamic load and heat flux on the wing section lower surface.