• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.39-52
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic on negative emotions, such as anxiety, depression, fear, and stress, in Korean college students. The study recruited students from J University and conducted interviews across three time points, namely, March 2019, March 2020, and November 2020. For three time points, the participants responded to structured questions about situations they may have encountered and they were asked to summarize their responses. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were performed to examine whether differences exist in negative emotions between time points. Furthermore, polynomial trend analyses were conducted to examine resultant patterns over time. The results revealed that negative emotions displayed significant differences between time points. Moreover, trend analyses revealed a curvilinear pattern, which indicates that negative emotions increased and were then sustained. These findings suggest that negative emotions may continue to become prevalent among college students with the increased impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The study discussed the need for psychological support systems, such as stress management and psychological counseling, for college students.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.298-311
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• 2022

Some problems, such as aging workers, a decreased population due to a low birth rate, and shortage of skilled workers, are rising in construction sites. Therefore research for smart construction technology that can be improved for productivity, safety, and quality has been recently developed with government support by replacing traditional construction technology with advanced digital technology. In particular, the motor grader that mainly performs road surface flattening is a construction machine that requires the application of automation technology for repetitive construction. It is predicted that the construction period will be shortened if the construction automation technology such as trajectory tracking, automation work, and remote control technology is applied. In this study, we introduce the hardware and software architecture of the smart motor grader to apply unmanned and automation technology and then analyze the traditional earthwork method of the motor grader. We suggested the application plans for the path pattern and blade control method of the smart motor grader based on this. In addition, we verified the performance of waypoint-based path-following depending on scenarios and the blade control's performance through tests.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.71-83
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• 2016

Interior panels are usually used in finishing of interior walls for not only decorative effects but also information transfer. According to designer's design placing interior panels may need repetitive tasks and the emphasis of this paper is to support an automation of these tasks. Considering the utilization characteristics of interior panels, we propose three method to present patterns by using bitmap image pixels and interior panels' shape changes, based on the theoretical consideration. In addition, in order to approve the possibility of the proposed methods, we have implemented the BIM based interior panels auto layout tool which applied one of the three methods to present patterns by using bitmap image pixel values and panel identification attributes. This tool also supports auto generation of quantity and panel arrangement sequence information that will be used in future construction phase. We expect that this approach will also be used in other decorative objects which require repetition of the basic units, such as floor tiles.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.139-158
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• 2023

Purpose - The study of co-movements between stock markets is a crucial area of finance and has recently received much interest in a variety of studies, especially in international finance. Stock market co-movements are a major phenomenon in financial markets, but they are not necessarily independent of the real market. Several studies support the idea that bilateral trade linkages significantly impact stock market correlations. Motivated by this perspective, this study investigates whether real market integration due to trade agreements brings about financial market integration in terms of stock market co-movement. Design/methodology - Over the 10 free trade agreements (FTAs) signed by the United States, using a dynamic conditional correlations (DCC) multivariate GARCH (MGRACH) model, we empirically measure the degree of integration by finding DCCs between the US market and the partner country's market. We then track how these correlations evolve over time and compare the results before and after trade agreements. Findings - According to the empirical results, there are positive return spillover effects from the US market to eight counterpart equity markets, except Jordan, Morocco, and Singapore. Especially Mexico, Canada, and Chile have large return spillover effects at the 1% significance level. All partner countries of FTAs generally have positive correlations with the US over the entire period, but the size and variance are somewhat different by country. Meanwhile, not all countries that signed trade agreements with the United States showed the same pattern of stock market co-movement after the agreement. Korea, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Singapore show increasing DCC patterns after trade agreements with the US. However, Canada, Australia, Bahrain, Jordan, and Morocco do not show different patterns before and after trade agreements in DCCs. These countries generally have the characteristic of relatively lower or higher co-movements in stock markets with the US before the signing of the FTAs. Originality/value - To our knowledge, few studies have directly examined the linkages between trade agreements and stock markets. Our approach is novel as it considers the problem of conditional heteroscedasticity and visualizes the change of correlations with time variations. Moreover, analyzing several trade agreements based on the United States enables the results of cross-country pairs to be compared. Hence, this study provides information on the degree of stock market integration with countries with which the United States has trade agreements, while simultaneously allowing us to track whether there have been changes in stock market integration patterns before and after trade agreements.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.119-129
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• 2023

In many cases, trauma is overcome in a short periodtime, but for some, trauma results in long-term mental health issues such as in the form of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Natural disasters cause different types and extent of damage, meaning the degree of stress experienced also varies. In the case of damage to a house, the impact can be considerable. Therefore, this study examined the trauma experienced by households whose homes were damaged by natural disasters and to confirm the characteristics of psychological trauma. It was confirmed that traumas was greater when a house was damaged, compared with damage to other types of items. In addition, even in the case of trauma occurring, factors that affect the pattern of change to someone's mental state vary depending on the state's classification. And In addition, health services is significantly analyzed in all variables, and it was considered that the provision of basic services related to safety after a disaster is paramount. However, while psychological counseling has a positive effect on short-term traumas that manifests as anxiety and depression, it has an adverse effect on PTSD because of the depth and complexity of the suffering in PTSD, meaning the type of psychological support needs changing.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1083-1101
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to describe how the structural and functional features of social network change among widowed middle and older adults and to examine the effect of personal predictors of the social network change. Data was obtained from men and women between 45 to 98 years of age(N=118) who were bereaved by the death of their spouse since the first wave survey and participated in the second wave survey of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing(KLoSA). The main findings are as follows: First, their social network after the bereavement was strengthened centered around children; for example, the number of adult children living in proximity to the parent, frequency of contact with children, and the financial and non-financial support from children generally increased. Second, the social network change pattern was categorized into four types such as "overall increased type," "children-centered increased type," "children/close relationship-centered increased type," and "stagnation type." Finally, the health condition of the widowed middle and older adults was a strong predictor of the social network change.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.415-427
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• 2019

This study examined the effects of eating with others on depressive symptoms among the community-dwelling older adults by family arrangement, using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 7th (2016). A total of 1,233 older adults aged over 65 was included in this analysis. Eating status (alone / with others) and family arrangement (living alone / living with family) were dichotomized based on the original questionnaire. Among 955 older adults who live with family members, 855 persons (89.5%) eat together and 100 persons (10.5%) eat alone. Among 278 older adults who live alone, 86 persons (30.9%) eat together and 69 persons (69.1%) eat alone. Regression analysis controlling for demographic and health related factors, eating with others was significantly related to lower levels of depressive symptoms in the group of older adults who live with family members (β = -1.663, p <.001), while there is no statistical significance (β = -0.856, p = .148) in the counterpart. Therefore, various types of community-based programs need to be developed to encourage older adults to eat with other in their ordinary lives. It is also recommended that the community has to offer consistent care and support for the elderly particularly who live alone.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.145-167
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the solidarity types between parents-children and to verify whether the types of solidarity relationships are directly related to life satisfaction of older adults. To achieve this, 2,072 Korean elderlies from proportional stratified sample were participated, and the data was divided into urban and rural area where respondents live in. The Latent Profile Analysis(LPA), multiple regression analysis were mainly used for data analysis. The results of the study were as follows: The major findings are following. Patterns of parental bond among urban and rural elderly were classified into three(urban) and two(rural) patterns. For the effect of each parental bonding pattern on life satisfaction, positive effect of parental bond was found only in urban dwellers. In other words, for older people in rural areas, parental bond did not significantly affected on life satisfaction. However, elderly in rural area showed non-familial factor based relationship, such as social capital(community trust, social cohesion, and social support), was influenced their life satisfaction rather than relationship with children. Finding from the study highlight political and practical implications for improving life satisfaction for the elderly.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.243-264
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• 2018

The study examined the influence of socially-prescribed perfectionism (SPP) on depression and social anxiety, and further investigated the mediating effects of self-focused attention and self-criticism. The questionnaires designed to measure multidimensional perfectionism, social anxiety, depression, self-focused attention, self-criticism scale for adolescents were administered twice at an interval of three weeks to 273 students (83 men, 190 women) enrolled at high schools in Gyeonggi-do Province. The findings for the present study were as follows. First, SPP, depression, social anxiety, self-focused attention, and self-criticism showed all positive correlations. Second, the mediation effect from the SPP to depression via self-focused attention was statistically significant, whereas the indirect effect from the SPP to depression via self-criticism was not. Third, the pattern in depression was the same in social anxiety. The results provide indirect support for the social anxiety cognitive model (Clark & Wells) with regards to social anxiety particularly in Korean high school students. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-27
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• 2019

It is possible to provide Smart Tourism Service through the development of information technology. It is necessary for the tourism industry to understand and utilize Big Data that has tourists' consumption patterns and service usage patterns in order to continuously create a new business model by converging with other industries. This study suggests to activate Jeju Smart Tourism by analyzing Big Data based on credit card usage records and location of tourists in Jeju. The results of the study show that First, the percentage of Chinese tourists visiting Jeju has decreased because of the effect of THAAD. Second, Consumption pattern of Chinese tourists is mostly occurring in the northern areas where airports and duty-free shops are located, while one in other regions is very low. The regional economy of Jeju City and Seogwipo City shows a overall stagnation, without changes in policy, existing consumption trends and growth rates will continue in line with regional characteristics. Third, we need a policy that young people flow into by building Jeju Multi-complex Mall where they can eat, drink, and go shopping at once because the number of young tourists and the price they spend are increasing. Furthermore, it is necessary to provide services for life-support related to weather, shopping, traffic, and facilities etc. through analyzing Wi-Fi usage location. Based on the results, we suggests the marketing strategies and public policies for understanding Jeju tourists' patterns and stimulating Jeju tourism industry.