• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 1997

왕겨 재를 분쇄하여 콘크리트 混和용 재료로 이용하려는 연구의 일환으煙로서, 파이로트 規模의 多目的 왕겨 燒却爐를 設計, 裂作하고 그 性能을 分析하였다. 왕겨 燃燒時의 熱에너지는 回收하여 원예施設의 煖房이나 콘크리트의 高溫 養生水로써 이용하고자 熱交煥裝置를 제작하여 왕겨 燒각爐시스템에 장착하였고, 排煙가스내의 이산화탄소가 시설원예 作物의 光合成에 이용될 수 있는지 排煙가스의 造成을 조사하였다. 분쇄된 왕겨 재의 큰크리트 混和材로서의 적합성은, 燃燒 灰分의 성분 중 $SiO_2$ 의 結晶化 상태를 分析함으로써 判斷하였다. 연구결과를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 왕겨 灰分의$SiO_2$ 結晶化는 燃燒온도 $750^circ C$ 이하에서는 거의 발생하지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 2. 燒却爐의 작동은 매우 만족스러웠으며 最適 작동조건은 왕겨供給率 15kg/h. 制御온도 $600^{\circ}C$로 分析되었다. 最適 작동조건에서, 왕겨燃燒率은 97%, 熱交換機 效率은 59.5%, 전체 시스템의 熱效率은 57.7%로서 양호하였으며, 灰分의 $SiO_2$ 結晶化도 거의 발생하지 않아 生成된 왕겨 灰分은 훌륭한 큰크리트 混和在로 판단 되었다. 3. 燒却爐내 溫度分布는 대체로 均一하였으며, 排煙가스내의 大氣오염물질 중, 질소酸化物과 황酸化物 함량은 許容기준치보다 매우 낮았으나 일산화탄소 함량은 許容기준값 부근으로 나타나 排煙가스를 직접 원예시설 내에 공급하기 위해서는 약간의 연소실 구조 개선이 필요하다고 판단되었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.627-634
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• 2017

Predicting the compressive strength of concrete is important to assess the load-carrying capacity of a structure. However, the use of blended cements to accrue the technical, economic and environmental benefits has increased the complexity of prediction models. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have been used for predicting the compressive strength of ordinary Portland cement concrete, i.e., concrete produced without the addition of supplementary cementing materials. In this study, models to predict the compressive strength of blended cement concrete prepared with a natural pozzolan were developed using regression models and single- and 2-phase learning ANNs. Back-propagation (BP), Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and Conjugate Gradient Descent (CGD) methods were used for training the ANNs. A 2-phase learning algorithm is proposed for the first time in this study for predictive modeling of the compressive strength of blended cement concrete. The output of these predictive models indicates that the use of a 2-phase learning algorithm will provide better results than the linear regression model or the traditional single-phase ANN models.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2015

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the long-term performance of various concrete composites in natural marine environment prevailing in the Gulf region. Durability assessment studies of such nature are usually carried out under aggressive environments that constitute seawater, chloride and sulfate laden soils and wind, and groundwater conditions. These studies are very vital for sustainable development of marine and off shore reinforced concrete structures of industrial design such as petroleum installations. First round of testing and evaluation, which is presented in this paper, were performed by standard tests under laboratory conditions. Laboratory results presented in this paper will be corroborated with test outcome of ongoing three years field exposure conditions. The field study will include different parameters of investigation for high performance concrete including corrosion inhibitors, type of reinforcement, natural and industrial pozzolanic additives, water to cement ratio, water type, cover thickness, curing conditions, and concrete coatings. Like the laboratory specimens, samples in the field will be monitored for corrosion induced deterioration signs and for any signs of failureover initial period ofthree years. In this paper, laboratory results pertaining to microsilica (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), epoxy coated rebars and calcium nitrite corrosion inhibitor are very conclusive. Results affirmed that the supplementary cementing materials such as GGBS and SF significantly impacted and enhanced concrete resistivity to chloride ions penetration and hence decrease the corrosion activities on steel bars protected by such concretes. As for epoxy coated rebars applications under high chloride laden conditions, results showed great concern to integrity of the epoxy coating layer on the bar and its stability. On the other hand corrosion inhibiting admixtures such as calcium nitrite proved to be more effective when used in combination with the pozzolanic additives such as GGBS and microsilica.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.5-21
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• 2006

Traditional standards and specifications for concrete have largely been prescriptive, (or prescription-based), and can sometimes hinder innovation and in particular the use of more environmentally friendly concretes by requiring minimum cement contents and SCM replacement levels. In December 2004, the Canadian CSA A23.1-04 standard was issued which made provisions (a) for high-volume SCM concretes, (b) added new performance requirements for concrete, and (c) clearly outlined the requirements and responsibilities for use in performance-based concrete specifications. Also, in December 2003, the CSA A3000 Hydraulic Cement standard was revised. It (a) reclassified the types of cements based on performance requirements, with both Portland and blended cements meeting the same physical requirements, (b) allows the use of performance testing for assessing sulphate resistance of cementitious materials combinations, (c) includes an Annex D, which allows performance testing of new or non-traditional supplementary cementing materials. From a review of international concrete standards, it was found that one of the main concerns with performance specifications has been the lack of tests, or lack of confidence in existing tests, for judging all relevant performance concerns. Of currently used or available test methods for both fresh, hardened physical, and durability properties, it was found that although there may be no ideal testing solutions, there are a number of practical and useful tests available. Some of these were adopted in CSA A23.1-04, and it is likely that new performance tests will be added in future revisions. Other concerns with performance standards are the different perspectives on the point of testing for performance. Some concrete suppliers may prefer processes for both pre-qualifying the plant, and specific mixtures, followed only with testing only 'end-of-chute' fresh properties on-site. However, owners want to know the in-place performance of the concrete, especially with high-volume SCM concretes where placing and curing are important. Also, the contractor must be aware of, and share the responsibility for handling, constructability, curing, and scheduling issues that influence the in-place concrete properties.