• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.689-695
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• 1999

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), ultrasonic extraction (USE), and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) were compared with the well known Soxhlet extraction for the extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins(PCDDs) from the XAD-2 resin which was used to adsorb PCDDs in the atmosphere. XAD-2 resin spiked with five PCDDs was chosen as a sample. The optimum conditions for the extraction of PCDDs by SFE were turned out to be the use of CO2 modified with 10% toluene at 100 ℃ and 350 atm, with 5 min static extraction followed by 20 min dynamic extraction. SFE gave a good extraction rate with good reproducibility for PCDDs ranging from 68 to 98%. The ultrasonic extraction of PCDDs from XAD-2 was investigated and compared with other extractions. A probe type method was compared with a bath type. Two extraction solvents, toluene and acetone were compared with their mixture. The use of their mixture in probe type, with 9 minutes of extraction time, was found to be the optimum condition. The average recovery of the five PCDDs for USE was 82-93%. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with a liquid solvent, a new technique for sample preparation, was performed under elevated temperatures and pressures. The effect of tem-perature on the efficiency of ASE was investigated. The extraction time for a 10 g sample was less than 15 min, when the organic solvent was n-hexaneacetone mixture (1 : 1, v/v). Using ASE, the average recoveries of five PCDDs ranged from 90 to 103%. SFE, USE, and ASE were faster and less laborious than Soxhlet extraction. The former three methods required less solvent than Soxhlet extraction. SFE required no concentration of the solvent extracts. SFE and ASE failed to perform simultaneous parallel extractions because of instrumental limitations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.156-156
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• 1997

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.635-648
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the emulsifying properties of surface-active substances from defatted rapeseed cake by supercritical $CO_2$ extraction. Based on the interfacial tension data, a supercritical fluid extract (SFE) with the lowest value of 14.16 mN/m was chosen for evaluation which was obtained from No. 2 extraction condition (150 bar, $65^{\circ}C$, 250 g). For emulsions with SFE, some physicochemical properties (i.e., fat globule size, creaming stability, zeta potential etc) were investigated according to changes in SFE concentration, pH, and NaCl addition in an emulsion. It was found that fat globule size was decreased with increasing SFE concentration in emulsion, with showing a critical value at 0.5 wt%, thereby resulting in less susceptibility to creaming behavior. The SFE emulsion also showed instability at acidic conditions (pH<7.0) as well as by NaCl addition. This was coincided with zeta potential data of emulsion. In addition, SSL (sodium stearoyl lactylate) found to be suitable as a co-surfactant, as it helped considerably in decreasing fat globule size in emulsions and its optimum concentration to be over 0.03 wt%, based on 0.1 wt% SFE in emulsion.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2011

In order to optimize the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) conditions of ginger oleoresin (GO), we conducted an evaluation of quality properties such as yield (%), color, volatile flavor compounds and gingerol components. The extraction yield gained by SFE increased as extraction pressure and temperature increased. The highest yield was $8.96{\pm}0.68%$ at 500 bar $65^{\circ}C$ extraction condition. The total color difference (${\Delta}E$) values decreased at high pressure. In case of the 100 bar pressure conditions, ${\Delta}E$-values increased as the temperature went up. The analysis of the 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogaol and curcumin contents decreased at high temperature conditions of identical pressure and increased at high pressure conditions. The volatile flavor compounds were detected in zingiberene, ${\beta}$-sesquiphellandre, ${\beta}$-phellandre, ${\alpha}{\gamma}$-curcumene, 2,3-butandiol, ${\beta}$-bisabolene and so on. Also volatile component contents showed difference in each of extraction conditions.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• v.68
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• pp.282-292
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• 2018

This study aimed to compare the chemical composition of Morus nigra leaves extracts, obtained by maceration, accelerated solvent (ASE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) under different extraction conditions. With regards to chemical composition, mainly phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified. HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS allowed the identification of 13 new compounds reported in M. nigra leaves for the first time. ASE as a fast, green and innovative approach, seems to be the best choice for extracting compounds of different polarities within the shortest extraction time. The present study also highlights the potential application of M. nigra extracts as constituents of new added-value formulations.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.427-433
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• 2009

Volatile flavor compounds from the shoot and root of Angelica gigas Nakai were extracted by HE (Hydrodistillation extraction), SDE (Simultaneous steam distillation & extraction), and SFE (Supercritical fluid extraction system), and analyzed by GC-MS. The amount and the number of chemical components in essential oils from shoot and root by SFE was the higher than those by other extraction methods. Respectively, thirty one constituents were identified from the essential oil of the shoot and root by HE, twenty seven and twenty three constituents were identified from the essential oil of shoot and root by SDE, thirty one and forty five constituents were identified from the essential oil of shoot and root by SFE. The result showed large differences in extraction methods and in plant parts of Angelica gigas Nakai. Also, the bioactive compounds in root part was identified as nodakenin and decursinol (11.95% and 8.42%, respectively) by SFE. These results suggested that SFE was the best extraction method for the increasing of extraction yield, the determination of volatile components and the increasing of bioactive compounds in the shoot and root of Angelica gigas Nakai.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.163-166
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• 2000

The effects of modifiers such as methanol, water diethylamine in methanol (10 v/v %), and diethylamine in water (10 v/v %) were investigated at three different concentrations (1, 5, and 10 v/v %) of the modifiers in supercritical $CO_2$ (SC-$CO_2$) in order to enhance the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) efficiency of cephalotaxine from Cephalotaxus wilsoniana Leaves. Among the modifiers employed, methanol basified with diethylamine was found to greatly enhance the extraction efficiency relative to any other modifiers employed. The results suggest that cephalotaxine in plant matrices may be readily changed from SC-$CO_2$-insoluble salt to SC-$CO_2$-soluble free base by basified modifiers. In addition, SC-$CO_2$modified with basified methanol could enhance the extraction efficiency of cephalotaxine more than 30% when compared to the conventional organic solvent extraction.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2003

The study was carried out to determine the effect of storage property and qualities on soybean sauce and paste by adding different amount of pyroligneous liquor obtained by sujpercritical fluid extraction(SFE). Purified pyroligneous liquor obtained by SFE at 4$0^{\circ}C$/110 bar contained p-cresol, o-cresol and m-cresol food sterilizers, but no toxic substances such as tar, scorched, furfuraland and monophenol. Thus pyroligneous liquor was considered to be suitable as natural food preservative. In case of soybean sauce, pyroligneous liquor was tested to determine the potential of natual food preservative to prevent flim formation on soybean ksauce 15days at 3$0^{\circ}C$. Increasing amounts of purified pyroligneous liquor added to soybean sauce prevented film forming yeasts. In case of paste, pyroligneous liquor was tested to determine the potential of natural food preservative to inhibit browning on paste 60 days at 3$0^{\circ}C$. Purified pyroligneous liquor added to paste inhibited brown pigment. As a result, purified pyroligneous liquor offered a promising way of improving the quality and storage property of soybean sauce and paste.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.469-474
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• 2011

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a well known edible plant that is traditionally used to treat various illnesses related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Steam distillated ginger oil or water extract are mainly used for related products; however, it is unclear whether these fractions contain most of the bioactive compounds or the highest efficacy. This investigated the antioxidant effects of extracts prepared by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). 6-Gingerol was the most abundant component in hexane fraction of ethanol extract from ginger. The antioxidative properties of SFE oil and Marc ethanol fractions were demonstrated using the 2,20-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis 3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals scavenging assays. A clear correlation was observed between total polyphenol contents and $RC_{50}$ values in the Marc ethanol fraction. These results indicate that not only SFE oil but the marc after SFE could be good sources for the food industry.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.95-100
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate antiaging and antioxidant effects on cultured human skin fibroblast with supercritical fluid extracts of Dendropanax morbifera, Corni fructus and Lycii Fructus. Methods : Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique was applied to extract from three medicinal plants including stem of Dendropanax morbifera, Corni fructus and Lycii Fructus. Antioxidant activity of extract was evaluated by two different assays as 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and super oxide dismutase (SOD) like activities. These extracts were tested for cell viability on HS68 skin fibroblast by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. We investigated the effects of Ultraviolet-B irradiation on cytotoxicity, type 1 collagen, elastin level and oxidative damage in cultured human skin fibroblast (HS68). Recently, many studies have reported that elastin is also involved in inhibiting or repairing wrinkle formation, although collagen is a major factor in the skin wrinkle formation. Results : The extracts obtained dose-dependently increased the scavenging activity on DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD like activity. The supercritical fluid extracts of complex herbal medicine showed low cytotoxicity as more than 100% cell viability in 100ppm/ml concentration. HS68 fibroblasts were survived 70% at $120mJ/cm^2$ UVB irradiation and treated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The levels of aging factors and cytotoxicity were decreased by supercritical fluid extract of complex herbal medicine. Conclusions : These results suggest that supercritical fluid extracts may have value as the potential antioxidant and antiaging medicinal plant.