• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the composition of Rehmannia glutinosa's essential oils with Rehmanniae Radix herbal acupuncture Methods : I obtained the essential oils of Rehmannia Radix by hydrodistillation extraction method and supercritical fluid extraction(SFE) method, and then I analyzed those by GC/MS(gas chromatography/mass spectrum). Results : 1. With GC(gas chromatography) and GC/MS(gas chromatography/mass spectrum) analysis. I identified 9 compounds in the Rehmanniae Radix's essential oil obtained through the SFE method. The main compounds were as follows : Hexachloroethane(2.24%), N-Butyl-benzenesulfonamide(2.05%), hexadecanoic acid(1.93%), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester(3.49%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(z,z)(2.70%), (9E)-9-Octadecenoic acid(6.14%), ethyl linoleate(4.43%), ethyl oleate(5.80%). 2. I failed to get Rehmanniae Radix's essential oil obtained through the hydrodistillation method. 3. With GC(gas chromatography) and GC/MS(gas chromatography/mass spectrum) analysis. I identified 4 compounds in the Rehmanniae Radix's essential oil obtained through the hydrodistillation method. The main compounds were as follows : Ethylbis(trimethylsilyl)amine(1.04%), 2-(Trimethylsiloxy)benzoic methyl ester(2.65%), Hexadecanoic acid trimethylsilyl ester(12.61%), octadecanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester(6.28%). Conclusions : The substances by hydrodistillation method may not perfectly match with the substances by supercritical fluid extraction(SFE) method in essential oils extracted form Rehmanniae Radix. But, the main substances was assumed Hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.405-407
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• 1999

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.109-113
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• 1999

Supercritical $CO_2$ chromatography was applied for purification of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from fish oil. Various supercritical $CO_2$ pressures were tested to find out the pressure effects on solubility and selectivity of low fatty acids in the silver nitrate column. The solubility of low fatty acids was increased as the supercntical $CO_2$ Pressure increased. However, the selectiviy between low fatty acids and EPA waw decreased. Stepwise density gradient method was applied to increase the purification efficiency of EPA. Low fatty acids were easily separated at the early elution steps with low $CO_2$ densities. Successive fractions containing 92.1~97.8% of EPA were collected. The average concentration of three purified fractions was 95.6% with the recovery rate of 30%.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.327-331
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• 2001

Catechin compounds from the Green tea cultivated in Bosung (Chollanamdo) were extracted using supercritical fluid and various additives, and analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The chromatographic column was packed with LiChrospher 100RP-18(15 $\mu$m), and water was used as the mobile phase with 0.05% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile. Gradient election was applied to separate EGCG by changing the mobile phase compositions. Comparing the extraction yield of three different types of supercritical fluids, pure CO$_2$, with additives of water and ethanol (5 wt,%), the extraction amount of EGCG was most abundant in the suprcritical CO$_2$with ethanol. However, more was extracted and pure higher purity was achieved by solvent extraction using ethanol.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.177-187
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to analyze the effective components of essential oil obtained from Yongdamsagantang, which has been efficacious against leukorrhea in gynecologic diseases. Methods : I obtained the essential oils of Yongdamsagan-tang by hydrodistillation extraction method and supercritical fluid extraction(SFE) method, and then I analyzed those by GC/MS(Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrum). Results : 1. The optimum SFE(Supercritical Fluid Extraction) condition was obtained in the following experiment conditions: pressure 200atm, temperature $45^{\circ}C$, duration of extraction 25minutes. 2. With GC(Gas Chromatography) and GC/MS(Gas Chromato- graphy/Mass Spectrum) analysis, I identified 37 compounds in the Yongdamsagan-tang's essential oil obtained through the SFE method. The main compounds were as follows : 3-Methyl-but-2-enoic acid,2,2-dimethyl-8-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H,8H -pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-3-yl ester(49.81%), (Z)-6-Pentadecen-1 -ol(3.19%), (-)-Spathulenol(2.40%). 3. I identified 4 compounds in the Yongdamsagan-tang's essential oil obtained through the hydrodistillation method. The main compounds were as follows : 3-Methyl-but-2-enoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-8-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H,8H-pyrano [3,2-g]chromen-3-yl ester(2.61%). 4. 3-Methy I-but-2-enoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-8-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H,8H-pyrano[3,2-g] chromen-3-yl ester, all were identified in both the SFE method and the hydrodistillation method, but the others were not identified in common. 5. I also conducted an additional test in order to examine the essential oil's antimicrobial action against bacteria. Both MIC(Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations) and MBC(Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations) were $0.125mg/m{\ell}$ against N. meningitidis, however MIC and MBC were $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ in antimicrobial action against 12 different genera of bacteria.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.609-613
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• 2005

Daidzein and genistein were extracted from Korean soybean by supercritical $CO_2$ and sub/supercritical water. The extracted sample was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The retention time, retention factor, column efficiency, column selectivity and resolution of aglycons were compared with the change in the temperature and pressure of supercritical fluid and ethanol concentration. The characteristics of extraction of daidzein and genistein were more affected by ethanol concentration using supercritical $CO_2$. The most desirable extraction yield was obtained by supercritical $H_2O$ with $400^{\circ}C$ and 250 bar. Generally, the extraction yield of aglycons increased over 10 times using supercritical $CO_2$ than sub/supercritical $H_2O$.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 2008

Douchi, a popular seasoning agent in Chinese dishes prepared by the Aspergillus oryzae fermentation of black beans, was subjected to supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis for its volatile components. A total of 73 components were identified in two commercial brands, which were positively confirmed and quantified. Among the common components in the two brands were 18 acids, 12 alcohols, 11 aldehydes, 9 esters, 1 furan, 11 other oxygen-containing compounds, 4 pyrazines, 2 pyridines and 5 miscellaneous compounds. The most abundant components found were acetic acid, benzoic acid, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2-piperidinone, 3-methylbutanoic acid, maltol, 4-ethylphenol, 2-methylpropanoic acid, butanoic acid, 2-pyrrolidinone, all fatty acids and some esters.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.170-180
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• 2018

Background: To obtain useful cosmetic resources, this study aimed to determine the non-saponin fatty acid and inhibitory activities of collagenase and elastase by treatment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in supercritical fluid extracted oil of the adventitious root culture of wild mountain ginseng. Methods and Results: We performed supercritical fluid extraction at various conditions such as pressure, temperature, time, and use of co-solvents, unlike the n-hexane extraction for the adventitious roots culture of wild mountain ginseng. The non-saponin-fatty acid obtained from the oil of the adventitious roots culture was incresed by treatment with S. cerevisiae. The supercritical fluid extraction was conducted using gas chromatography. Non-saponin-fatty acid content, in the oil of adventitious roots culture of wild mountain ginseng treated with S. cerevisiae for 2 days were three times higher than that in the control. In addition, the oil of the adventitious roots culture treated with S. cerevisiae was investigated for the anti-wrinkle effect by using collagenase and elastase. The oil of adventitious roots culture treated with S. cerevisiae exhibited higher collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities than those in the control. Conclusions: Supercritical fluid extracted oil of the adventitious roots culture of wild mountain ginseng treated with S. cerevisiae was found to have decreased ratio of saturated fatty acids and incresed ratio and content of unsaturated fatty acids increased. Furthermore, it showed anti-wrinkle effects in vitro.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1807-1811
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• 2004

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) was considered for separating racemic ibuprofen. The chromatographic column (3.9 ${\times}$ 150 mm) was packed with Kromasil$^{\circledR}$ CHI-TBB, and the mobile phase was supercritical carbon dioxide with modifier of IPA. The experimental variables were the content of IPA, and temperature and pressure of supercritical mobile phase. To determine the separation condition, the empirical equation of retention factor and resolution was proposed. In the case of retention factor, the empirical equation was in the form, $k\;=\;a{\rho}\;+b/F\;+\;c\;({\rho}/F)\;+\;d$. The empirical equation for resolution was proposed as a linear form, $R\;=\;a{\rho}\;+\;bF\;+\;c$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.726-733
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• 1994

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) followed by gas chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric (MS) detection were used in rapid analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) in air particulate material extracted for 30 min with 10 ml of supercritical $N_2O$ without another sample preparation step. Two samples, urban dust in Seoul area and a certified air particulate reference material 1649 supplied by the NBS (National Bureau of Standards), were processed for the purpose of evaluating extraction and analysis methods. As a result, the quantitative recovery of PAH's in the SFE method was relatively lower than conventional organic solvent extraction methods, but reproducibility was resonable, and analysis time was reduced remarkably. The method has proved to be suitable for monitoring of PAH's in air particulate material.