• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.911-921
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• 1997

Recently the interest in natural dyeing has been increased because of the color clarity, natural grace and reactionism in fashion. Indigo dyeing, safflower dyeing and Gal-ott in Cheju-Do become generally known, so the study about the natural dyeing is continued with national intrust and support. In this study, 1 used artemisia for various dyeing tests because we can get it easily. 1 tested the dyeability in wool as well as cotton and silk with wormwood in natural dyeing material. I also dyed nylon with the same material for the comparison of the molecular structure. The mercerization and the chitosan treatment were done in cotton to improve the low dyeability in the natural dyeing. The result of this study are as follows; We have to dye repeatedly to get deep color in natural dyeing, and mordant treatment brought good result in color difference and dyeing fastness. 1. Compared with silk, wool and nylon, the dyeability of cotton was the worse. The color difference of cotton was 18.81 without mordants , and 24.05 with mordant. The dyeability of cotton was much increased by mordants such as potassiumdichromate, copper sulfate, iron sulfate and salt water. The color of cotton was turned into yellow-green in potassium dichromate and yellow-green with deep green in copper sulfate. The mercerization and the chitosan treatment of cotton made the improvement in color, dyeability, laundering fastness, abrasion fastness. 2. The color difference of silk was 3 times as high as cotton. It showed the similar degree with the chitosan treated-cotton. That is to say, silk had good dyeability because it contains amino group and carboxyl group. The dyebility of silk was increased by a mordant such as iron sulfate, potassium dichromate and salt water, Drycleaning fastness showed 5 grade, abrasion-fastness was high over 4~5 grade and sunlight fastness showed 1 grade in all case. 3. The color difference of wool was the best among four fabrics because of 18 kinds of amino acids. It is considered that the sulfate of wool has the polarity and help metal- mordants get the better dyeability such as potassium dichromate, iron sulfate, copper sulfate, and aluminum chloride. The color was reddish-green in potassium dichromate, yellow.greenin iron sulfate and copper sulfate, and yellow in the rest mordants. Drycleaning fastness of wool showed over 4~5 grade, abrasion fastness 5 grade. Sunlight-fastness 1 grade. 4. The dyeability of nylon was almost same because of the similar molecular structure with silk. The clarity of color was poor. The color was yellow-green in copper sulfate and yellow in the rest mordants. Laundering fastness and abrasion-fastness of nylon was good. Sunlight- fastness represented 1 grade.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2011

Cotton fabrics was treated with persimmon juice by padding and their dyeability and functionality were assessed including antibacterial activity and deodorization ratio. The merit of padding-based dyeing was easier color reproduction over traditional hand dyeing where various colors and color fastness to light and laundering are hard to obtain. With larger number of padding, the dyed fabrics showed deeper red-yellow colors, which had low brightness and high chromatic colors. The dyed cotton fabrics had a perspiration fastness of 4~5 rating, a rubbing fastness of 3~4 rating, and a washing fastness of 4 rating, As the number of padding and exposed time to sunlight or UV light increase, the values of K/S and ${\Delta}E$ increased and the colors became much deeper gradually. The color development had completed about 70 hours exposure to UV. Among the light sources, the dyed fabrics exposed to UV light showed deeper yellow-red color than those of exposed to sunlight. The cotton fabrics treated with premordants like Al, Cr, Cu, and Sn revealed strong yellow colors, especially the fabrics treated with Fe mordant showed greenish red-yellow colors. As the padding times of dyeing with persimmon juice increased, stiffness and water repellent property were enhanced in warp and weft directions, respectively. Also, the dyed fabrics have good antibacterial activity and deodorization.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

To investigate natural dyeing properties of bast fiber, properties of pre mordanting dyeing of sappan wood, gardenia and gallnut such as K/S values, developed color, and fastness were evaluated. Silk showed the most increased K/S values by pre mordanting treatment when Fe was uses as a mordant. The optimized amount of Fe was 3%. The colors of sappan wood was a series of YR. After pre mordanting treatment with Fe, the colors of bast fiber of mulberry and silk showed a series of RP, and the color of cotton showed a series of Y. The color of gallnut was a series of Y regardless of pre mordant treatment. Sappon wood (YR), gardenia (Y), and gallnut (Y) showed various colors such as YR, R, and RP, respectively. Sunlight fastness was not improved by pre mordanting treatment. The effect of pre mordanting treatment was not good. Especially the treatment with Al showed poor sunlight fastness.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.828-837
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• 2015

The results of the analysis of dyed rayon fabrics treated with persimmon juice by padding are as follows. Rayon fabrics were dyed repeatedly with persimmon juice by a padding mangle for the development of dyeability. The merits of padding-based dyeing were easier color reproduction (versus traditional hand dyeing) of hard to obtain colors and color fastness to light and laundering. The add on weight increased with the number of padding times, and the color of the dyed fabrics had red-yellow colors with low brightness and high chromatic colors. Properties of fabrics treated with persimmon juice were: $2^{nd}$ level of light resistance, $4^{th}-5^{th}$ perspiration fastness levels, rubbing fastness, and $3^{rd}-4^{th}$ washing fastness levels. Dyed fabrics exposed to UV light have a deep yellow-red color that increased lightness and darken when exposed to sunlight. Rayon fabrics of a treated premordant indicated strong yellow colors, especially fabrics with Fe mordant indicated greenish red-yellow colors. The direction of the weft and warp increased and improved water-repellent qualities that increased with the number of dyeing padding times and persimmon juice; however, there was less anti-crease resistance. In addition, fabrics had good antibacterial activity and deodorization.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1036-1044
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• 2008

This research from analyzing dyed silk fabrics treated with persimmon juice by padding concludes as follows : The add on is increased as the number of padding increase and the color of the dyed fabrics holds red-yellow colors which has low brightness and high chromatic colors. The fabrics dyed with persimmon juice have properties such as 2nd grade of light fastness, 4~5th grade of perspiration fastness and rubbing fastness, and 3~4th grade of washing fastness. The dyed fabrics exposed to UV light have deeper yellow-red color than things exposed to sunlight. The silk fabrics treated premordants have shown strong yellow colors, especially the fabrics added Fe mordant have shown greenish red-yellow colors. As the padding times of dyeing with persimmon juice are increased, strength and water-repellent property are enhanced along warp and weft direction respectively but anti-crease property is decreased. Also, the dyed fabrics have good antibacterial activity and deodorization.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

To investigate the combination dyeing properties of natural dyes, the combination dyeing using gallnut,-Al, Cu, Fe-sappan wood, and gallnut-Al, Cu, Fe-gardenia was performed on bast fiber of mulberry, cotton, silk, and their K/S values, colors, and sunlight fastness were measured. The gallnut-Al, Cu, Fe-gardenia dyeing showed the highest K/S values when the dyeing concentration of gallnut is 3%. It tended to show the higher K/S values than gallnut-Al, Cu, Fe-sappan wood. The silk showed the highest values of in K/S, and then followed by cotton, and bast fiber of mulberry. The mordants developed different colors on the bast fiber and the cotton treated with gallnut-Al, Cu, Fe-sappan wood. However, the silk showed a series of YR, showing no effect of the mordants on the development of color. The combination dyeing of gallnut-Al, Cu, Fe-gardenia showed a series of Y. The results showed that sappan wood could develop various colors but gardenia could develop a series of Y. No distinct improvement on sunlight fastness of the combination dyeing was observed.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.709-717
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• 2010

This study investigated the properties and functions of wool and silk dyed with Catechu by examining the effects of dying conditions such as dye concentration, dying temperature, dyeing time, pH level and pre-mordants. These conditions were examined in relation to dye uptake and color changes, washing fastness, light fastness, ultraviolet-cut ability and antimicrobial ability of the dyed fabrics. Catechu showed good affinity to silk fiber. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was obtained, and so it was considered that ionic bondings are formed between Catechu and protein fiber. As the dyeing time and temperature is increased, the dyeability of both silk and wool fabrics also increases. At high temperatures the color of dyed fabrics changes from Y and YR to R. Wool is effective in using Al, Cu, Fe mordant, while silk is effective only in using only Cu mordants. The dyeability was shown to be improved at low pH levels. Additionally, both washing fastness and light fastness were shown to be low. However, the fabric color gradually changed to red was due to mailard reaction of catechol tannin causingby repeated washing and sunlight. The ultraviolet-cut ability was improved for cotton fabric dyed with Catechu. Also, dyed fabric with Catechu showed very good antimicrobial abilities at 99.9%.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2014

This paper was focused on investigating synthetic fabrics treated with persimmon juice by padding mangle repeatedly. The merit of dyeing by pad-dry method was easier color reproduction than dyeing by immersion method. With increasing number of padding, the dyed nylon fabrics showed deeper yellow-red colors, but dyed polyester fabrics had no uniform tendency. The dyed synthetic fabrics had a 3rd grade of ligtht, 4~5th grade of perspiration fastness, 5th grade of stain washing fastness, and 3~5th grade of rubbing fastness. As the number of padding and exposed time to sunlight or UV light increase, the value of K/S and ${\Delta}E$ increased and the colors become much deeper gradually. The color development had completed about 70 hours exposure to UV light. As the padding time of dyeing with persimmon juice increased, stiffness and water repellent property were enhanced, respectively. Also, the dyed synthetic fabrics had good antibacterial activity and deodorization.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.297-307
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• 2017

폐MDF 재생섬유를 인테리어 소품 제조용 원료로 이용하기 위해 MDF 제조용 리기다소나무 버진섬유와 MDF를 제조한 후 재해섬한 재생섬유에 대해 빨강, 노랑 및 파랑색 계열의 Bis-monochlorotriazine (MCT)계와 Vinyl sulfone(VS)계의 반응성염료, Anthraquinone계의 배트염료, Diazo계열의 직접염료 및 치자와 소목의 천연염료에 의한 염색 특성 및 일광견뢰도를 검토하였다. 염색 전의 버진섬유와 재생섬유의 색상은 각각 4.2YR과 4.4YR로 약간의 적색기가 있는 황색을 나타내고 있었으며, 재생섬유가 버진섬유에 비해 $L^*$의 값이 작아 약간 더 어두웠다. 적, 청, 황색계의 MCT계와 VS계의 반응성염료, 배트 염료, 직접염료 모두 버진섬유와 재생섬유에 관계없이 염색은 매우 양호하게 잘 이루어졌다. 재생섬유가 버진섬유보다 염착량은 약간 높았고, $L^*$와 V의 값은 약간 감소하였으나, 큰 차이는 없었다. 일광견뢰도는 염료에 따라 약간의 차이는 있으나 버진염색섬유가 재생염색섬유보다 더 큰 색차를 보이고 있어 불량하였다. 소목으로 염색한 재생섬유와 버진섬유의 색상은 각각 4.4YR과 4.0YR로 염색 전의 미염색 섬유와 거의 차이가 없었으나, 치자로 염색한 섬유의 색상은 각각 7.4YR과 6.9YR로 황색계의 반응성염료, 배트염료 및 직접염료보다 큰 색차를 보여 염색성은 우수하였으나 일광견뢰도는 불량하였다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to understand the dyeing properties and color analysis of fabrics knitted with ramie, cotton, wool and acrylic by using scoria and to analyze whether the knitted fabrics can be used for industrialization by measuring color fastness after and before sliver-nano process. The following is the conclusions. Firstly, when ramie fabric regarding cotton, wool and acrylic was dyed at the temperature of $50^{\circ}C$ for fifteen minutes by using 10, 25, 50, 100g/ $\ell$ of scoria, dyeing absorption gradually increased up to 50g/ $\ell$, and over the point of 50g/ $\ell$ it showed slow increase. Secondly, regarding saturation, among ramie fabric, wool, cotton and acrylic, wool appears as the lowest brightness. Therefore, it can be dyed with bright color and the highest value. In terms of the value of chromaticity, wool also emerges as the lowest brightness. On the contrary, acrylic showed the lightest red as it had the value of the smallest b. Cotton takes the lightest yellow as the b value of the cotton showed the smallest. Thus, scoria dyestuff is a material that showed strong red and yellow on knitted fabric mixed with wool that is the biggest a. b value. Thirdly, in terms of dyeing fastness, sunlight fastness did not show noticeable differences before and after silver-nano processes, but in terms of washing and friction fastness, the material processed by silver-nano indicated that all knitted fabrics are over 4-5 point. which means silver-nano process can be effective for the industrial applications. As mentioned above, as a result of dyeing knitted fabrics with scoria, this study found a possibility of dyeing in the fabric materials, and if there is deeper dyeing experiments, fastness experiments and speculations, it might be possible to be a big issue just like loess and charcoal.