• 한국해양학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.107-118
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• 1994

반폐쇄성 내만인 진해만의 입자유기물 (POM)함량과 C:N:P비의 변화를 1993년 1월 부터 12월 까지 1년간 조사하였다. 입자유기탄소와 질소 및 입자 인의 농도는 각각 198∼4,416 ugC/l과 24∼792 ugN/l 및 4.50∼69.00 ugP/l범위였고 특히 입자유기탄소 와 질소농도는 여름철에 가장 놓고 그 외 계절에는 유사한 농도분포를 보이면 uni-modal한 계절변동이 나타났다. 입자물질의 C:N:P 원자비 역시 여름철에 가장 높았 다. C:N 원소비는 년중 6.53 Redfield ratio와 거의 일치하며 겨울철(1, 2월)을 제외 한 조사기간중 표층수중의 POM 농도와 chlorophyll-a 사이에 높은 상관관계가 나타난 다. 이와 같은 결과들은 조사해역의 입자유기물농도가 식물플랑크톤 생물량에 의해 조 절된다는 것을 보여주고 특히 많은 육수유입과 함께 강한 성층이 형성되는 여름철의 높은 POM농도는 육상으로부터 다량의 영양염 공급에 의한 식물플랑크톤의 대증식에 기 인하는 것으로 보인다. 한편 여름철의 높은 POC:PP 와 PON:PP ratio는 인산염에 비하 여 과다한 질소계 영양염을 함유한 육수유입의 영향으로 인산염이 제한요인으로 작용 한다는 것을 시사한다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 1997

Stable isotope profiles with fine-scale resolution were constructed from the fossil mollusk shells, Mercernaria mercernaria, obtained from the late Pleistocene transgressive deposits of Gomez Pit, Virginia, USA. Incremental sampling were made along the axis of maximum growth to provide high-resolution ${\delta}^{18}$O and ${\delta}^{13}$C records. The ${\delta}^{18}$O shell profiles exhibit a series of pronounced cycles in the overall amplitude, corresponding to strong seasonal variations in temperature, which is apparently positive environmental variable. Contrasts between the patterns of ${\delta}^{18}$O and ${\delta}^{13}$C profiles reflect the relationship influencing the seasonal carbon cycling in the shallow marine environment. Positive anomalies of the ${\delta}^{13}$C values during the summer were observed to be out of phase with the ${\delta}^{18}$O profile. Such relatively heavier carbon source may be alternated due to seasonal methanogenesis during the summer. A hypothesized methane-based system may be operated in the shallow and marginal marine environment, resulting in a ${\delta}^{13}$C enriched bicarbonate pool, in which the heavier isotope seems to be incorporated to the shell carbonate.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.951-961
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• 2016

To prevent increasing instances of heat-related illnesses due to heat waves generated by climate change, a customized thermal environment index should be developed for outdoor workers. In this study, we conducted sensitivity analysis of the Masan harbor during a heat wave period (August 9th to 15th, 2013) using the MENEX model with metabolic rate and clothing-insulation data, in order to obtain realistic information about the thermal environment. This study shows that accurate input data are essential to gather information for thermophysiological indices (PST, DhR, and OhR). PST is sensitive to clothing insulation as a function of clothing. OhR is more sensitive to clothing insulation during the day and to the metabolic rate at night. From these results, it appears that when exposed to high-temperature thermal environments in summer, wearing highly insulated clothing and getting enough rest (to lower the metabolic rate) can aid in preventing heat-related illnesses. Moreover, in the case of high-intensity harbor work, quantification of allowed working time (OhR) during heat waves is significant for human health sciences.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.747-754
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• 2003

The actual clothing conditions were surveyed to diagnose clothing condition of Korean female in the view point of the adaptation to the thermal environment according to seasonal changes. Then, clothing microclimate, physiological responses, and subjective sensation were investigated through wearing trials on human body in climatic chamber based on the results from the survey. Factors to evaluate validity of clothing condition were clothing weight, clothing microclimate, physiological response of human body, and subjective sensation. The results were as follows: 1. Clothing weight per body surface area of the season was $856g/m^{2}$, $439g/m^{2}$ in summer, $630g/m^{2}$ in fall, and $1184g/m^{2}$ in winter. Cold - resistance of Korean female in office was superior to Japanese, inferior to residents of rural areas of Korea, and similar to male in office. However, in heat - resistance, female in office was inferior to residents of rural areas of Korea. 2. In spring, fall, winter, clothing microclimate temperature was a little higher than that in summer. Therefore, it was not a desirable wearing condition even though the clothing microclimate was comfortable zone. 3. Mean skin temperature of female in office was including within the range of Winslow's comfortable zone, but the range of comfortable zone in mean skin temperature of female was more narrow than Winslow's. Thus, it has problem for female to adaptation to thermal environment.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.180-183
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• 2018

Fecal sites of the Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans were found in the 16 tree species, and 11 species (46.4%) of them were used as fecal sites in winter and only 3 tree species (5.6%) were used for their fecal dropping in summer. In winter and spring, 11 and 10 tree species were used as fecal sites, respectively, indicating that various species of trees are used in those seasons for food sources or resting sites of the flying squirrels. Of total 16 species, the flying squirrels' fecal sites were most frequently found in Quercus mongolica (46.4%) and then followed by Prunus sargentii (25.6%). In winter, Prunus sargentii was preferred more than Quercus mongolica, although trees of Prunus sargentii are less distributed compared with those of various trees of the genus Quercus. In summer and autumn, high productivity of trees makes the flying squirrels use only one or two species they prefer. In winter and spring, however, they should extend their food source to various tree species because of low productivity and less food sources.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.668-675
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to collect data of skin temperature and physiological responses which is useful for standardization of insulation measurement in various garments. And we investigated sex and season difference of physiological responses of 60's males and 60's females in hot and cold environment. Healthy ten 60's males and ten 60's females volunteered as subjects. The experiment was conducted three times; One for winter condition($5^{\circ}C$, 45%), another for summer condition($30^{\circ}C$, 65%) and the other for nude condition as control($30^{\circ}C$, 65%). The subjects were sitting for 1 hour with suitable ensemble on each experimental condition in climate chamber. We measured skin temperature, rectal temperature, heart rate, oxygen uptake, sweat rate, blood flow, blood pressure and subjective sensations. We found that skin temperature and most of physiological responses were higher in male subject, summer condition than in female subject, winter condition.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.134-139
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• 2012

This study observed downward long and short-wave radiant environment with selecting 4 areas which have different height in downtown and 1 suburban area to figure out the characteristic of radiant environment in each altitude. The purpose of this study is to collect the preliminary data for interpreting urban thermal environment in summer season by analyzing thermal characteristic of atmosphere in the upper of downtown. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The higher altitude has the lower temperature, and temperature difference was more huge in day time than night time. 2) The short wave radiation according to altitude was higher as altitude was high. 3) Generally, the higher altitude has the lower air temperature, and also the higher altitude has the lower downward long wave radiation by the atmospheric radiation. 4) The ratio short wave radiation of long wave radiation was lower as altitude was high. And the urbanization effect was higher as the ratio was low.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2007

This study is about the passive cooling effects of three outdoor solar shading facilities as trees, pergola with wistaria vine and membrane shading structure, which are expected to provide cool spots in the summer. Field observations of measuring thermal environment of selected facilities is executed. Thermal environment measuring was categorized as short wave radiation, long wave radiation, net radiation, globe temperature, surface temperature measured by infrared camera. Heat transfer mechanism is analyzed with overall data from field measurement. Results from this study are as below; 1) Radiation balance measured on shaded surface under membrane shading structure was 17%($86W/m^2$) of the unshaded surface radiation balance($511W/m^2$). 2) Surface temperature comparison between vegetation and membrane of the shading structure is performed at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. Surface temperature of vegetation was same as air temperature and that of membrane was $5^{\circ}C$ higher than air temperature. Vegetation transpiration is considered as the causing factor which make those differences. 3) Results from this study could be used as fundamental data for reducing heat island phenomena and continuos research on this subject would be needed.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to compare and analyze of radiation environment between downtown and suburban area by observation of short, diffuse and long-wave radiation during summer season. The followings are main results from this study. 1) The trends of long-wave radiation is increasing from May to August and the variation of daily range is decreased. It is confirmed that the temperature was closely relevant to long wave radiation. 2) During observation period, suburban area is higher than downtown the value of direct solar radiation. 3) There are much direct solar radiation in suburban area than downtown. But, it was measured much more horizontal solar radiation at the downtown area. From the this result, we can conclude that diffuse radiation play a important role at horizontal solar radiation.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.38-38
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• 2012

The East Asia (EA) region including China, Taiwan, Japan, and Korea are especially vulnerable to hydrometerological extremes during the boreal summer (June-September). This study, therefore, pursued an exploratory analysis to improve better understanding of the potential impacts of the two types of PJ patterns on WNP Tropical cyclone (TC) activities and TC-induced extreme moisture fluxes over Korea's five major river basins. This study shows that during positive PJ years, the large-scale atmospheric environments are more favorable for the TC activities than those in negative PJ years. During positive PJ year, it is found that there are weaker wind shear, stronger rising motion, as well as large relative humidity over the Korean peninsula (KP) compared to negative PJ years. As a result, TCs making landfall are more exhibited over the southeastern portions of South Korea. Despite the relatively modest sample size, we expect that insights and results presented here will be useful for developing a critical support system for the effective reduction and mitigation of TC-caused disasters, as well as for water supply management in coupled human and natural systems.