• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.199-220
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• 2018

In this study, the effects of sulphuric acid on the mechanical performance and the durability of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) specimens were investigated. The carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) fabrics were used to evaluate the performances of the confined and unconfined ECC specimens under static and cyclic loading in the acidic environment. In addition, the use of CFRP and BFRP fabrics as a rehabilitation technique was also studied for the specimens exposed to the sulphuric acid environment. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber with a fraction of 2% was used in the research. Two different PVA-ECC concretes were produced using low lime fly ash (LCFA) and high lime fly ash (HCFA) with the fly ash-to-OPC ratio of 1.2. Unwrapped PVA-ECC specimens were also produced as a reference concrete and all concrete specimens were continuously immersed in 5% sulphuric acid solution ($H_2SO_4$). The mechanical performance and the durability of specimens were evaluated by means of the visual inspection, weight change, static and cyclic loading, and failure mode. In addition, microscopic changes of the PVA-ECC specimens due to sulphuric acid attack were also assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the macroscale behavior of the specimens. Results indicated that PVA-ECC specimens produced with low lime fly ash (LCFA) showed superior performance than the specimens produced with high lime fly ash (HCFA) in the acidic environment. In addition, confinement of ECC specimens with BFRP and CFRP fabrics significantly improved compressive strength, ductility, and durability of the specimens. PVA-ECC specimens wrapped with carbon FRP fabric showed better mechanical performance and durability properties than the specimens wrapped with basalt FRP fabric. Both FRP materials can be used as a rehabilitation material in the acidic environment.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2004

The capacity and long life of gel electrolyte batteries is connected with gas recombination producting $PbO_2$ and Pb electrode. We prepared with sulfuric acid gel electrolyte to know gel characteristics per density to assemble valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries. We studied on actions of sulphuric acid gel electrolyte by measuring electrolyte dispersion using Brewster-angle microscope (BAM), charge-discharge cycle, and electrode structure using scanning election microscope (SEM). Sulphuric acid density 1.210 showed excellent gel dispersion in sol condition, electrode condition after fifty cycles in this study.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.673-680
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• 1997

금속 표면 처리 공정 및 체련 공정 중에 발생하는 폐황산의 중화처리에는 NaOH,$Na_2CO_3,CaO,Ca(OH)_2,CaCO_3$ 등이 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나, 이러한 중화제의 사용시 드는 높은 처리비용으로 인해, 본 연구에서는 포항제철(주)의 소성 공장으로부터 나오는 슬러지 와 스테인레스 제조 꽁청에서 나오는 dust의 활용을 모색하였으며, 이 때 나오는 석고부산물의 결정 및 재활용 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구 결과, 슬러지를 중화제로 사용할 경우 캉산 영역 ( (pH < 2)에서는 소성 후 수화시킨 것을 사용한 후 약산영역(pH>2)에서 순수한 슬러지를 사용 하여 중화시키는 방법이 효과적얼 것으로 판단되었으며, 이 때 생성되는 석고 부산물의 화학 분석 결과는 석고원료 품질규격에 부합됨을 확인할 수 있어 이 제조법에 의한 석고원료 공급부 족현상 해결에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한, 스테인레스 제조 공청에서 나오는 d dust를 이용해 순수한 황산 빛 폐황산의 중화 과정에서 생성되는 석고의 상 빛 형상을 비교한 결과, 순수한 황산의 경우 높은 반응성과 반응온도로 인해 구형의 응집체형 석고가 생성되고, 폐황산의 경우 순수한 황산에 비해 낮은 반응성으로 인해 휘스커형 석고가 생성됨을 전자현미 경 사진으로부터 확인할 수 있었다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.267-279
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• 2011

At steady state, the simultaneous transport of sulphuric acid and nickel sulphate through an anion-exchange membrane Neosepta-AFN (Astom Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was investigated in a two-compartment counter-current dialyzer with single passes. The transport was quantified by the recovery yield of acid, rejection of salt and four phenomenological coefficients, which were correlated with the acid and salt concentrations in the feed. The phenomenological coefficients were determined by the numerical integration of the basic differential equations describing the concentration profiles of the components in the dialyzer. This integration was combined with an optimizing procedure. The experiments proved that the acid recovery yield is in the limits from 63 to 91 %, while salt rejection is in the limits from 79 to 97 % in the dependence on the volumetric liquid flow rate and composition of the feed.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제7권
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• pp.73-81
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• 1989

본 실험은 견직물의 염색시에 많이 사용되는 Acetic Acid, Sulphuric Acid 및 Formic Acid등의 산성화학약제 처리가 생사의 물리적 성질에 미치는 영향을 규명한 것으로서 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 생사의 강력(g/d)은 공시 3개약제 다같이 온도 및 pH 변화에 따른 차이를 인정할 수 없었다, 생사의 신도(%)는 Acetic Acid 및 Sulphuric Acid $40^{\circ}C$ pH 3에서 Formic Acid $80^{\circ}C$ pH 4에서 유의차 있게 저하되었다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2006

S-Acetyl Isothiourea Acetate (S-AITA) was synthesized in the laboratory and this influence on the inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in 1.11 N hydrochloric and 1.12 N sulphuric acids was investigated by weight loss and potentiostatic polarization techniques at 303K, 353K and 403K. These results were confirmed by the impedance technique. The inhibition efficiency increased with increase in concentration of inhibitor and decreased with rise in temperature from 303K to 403K. The maximum inhibition efficiency of S-AITA was found to be 99.95% (0.5% of S-AITA) at 303K in sulphuric acid. The adsorption of this compound on the mild steel surface from the acids has been found to obey Temkin's adsorption isotherm. The potentiostatic polarization results revealed that S-AITA was a mixed type inhibitor. Some thermodynamic parameters i.e., activation energy (Ea), free energy of adsorption (${\Delta}G_{ads}$), enthalpy of adsorption (${\Delta}H$) and entropy of adsorption (${\Delta}S$) were also calculated from weight loss data.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.364-372
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• 2011

다양한 억제제의 농도, 온도, 유속에서 중량 분석과 변전위 분극법을 이용하여 0.25 M 황산 용액상에 있는 연강철에 대한 imatinib mesylate (IMT)의 부식 억제를 연구하였다. 억제제의 농도가 증가함에 따라 억제 효과가 증가한다는 결과를 얻었다. 연강철 표면 위의 흡착 과정은 Langmuir 흡착 등온선을 따른다. 얻어진 흡착 깁스 자유 에너지의 값은 연강철 위의 IMT의 흡착 과정이 화학흡착이라는 것을 보여준다. 열역학 변수들이 계산되고, 논의되었다. IMT의 HOMO와 LUMO의 전자궤도 밀도 분포는 억제 메커니즘을 논의하는데 이용되었다. FT-IR 분광학과 SEM 이미지는 필름에 흡착된 표면을 분석하기 위해 사용되었다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2006

Corrosion characterization of Fe-XAl-0.3Y(X=5, 10, 14 wt%) alloys in $0.1{\sim}1N$ sulphuric acid at room temperature was studied using potentiodynamic techniques. The morphology and components of corrosion products on surface of Fe-aluminide alloys were investigated using SEM/EDX, XRD. The potentiodynamic polarization curve of alloys exhibited typical active, passive, transpassive behaviour. Corrosion potential($E_{corr}$) and corrosion current density($I_{corr}$) values of Fe-XAl-0.3Y alloys followed linear rate law. $E_{corr}$ of 10Al alloy and 14Al alloy was ten times lower than 5Al alloy. Icorr of 14Al alloy was five times lower than 5Al alloy. The passive film on the surface of Fe-5Al-0.3Y alloy was formed iron oxide. Fe-10Al-0.3Y and Fe-14Al-0.3Y alloys passive films were aluminium oxide. especially, Fe-14Al-0.3Y alloy showed good corrosion resistance in $0.1{\sim}1N$ sulphuric acid. This is attributed to the forming of protective $Al_2O_3$ oxide on the surface of Fe-14Al-0.3Y alloy.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2019

Marine emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) have received much attention because the International Maritime Organization (IMO) requires the installation of vapour emission control systems for the loading of crude oils or petroleum products onto ships. It was recently recognised that significant corrosion occurs inside these vapour emission control systems, which can cause severe clogging issues. In this study, we analysed the chemical composition of drain water sampled from currently operating systems to investigate the primary causes of corrosion in vapour recovery systems. Immersion and electrochemical tests were conducted under simulated conditions with various real drain water samples, and the impact of corrosion on the marine vapour recovery system was carefully investigated. Moreover, corrosion tests on alternative materials were conducted to begin identifying appropriate substitutes. Thermodynamic calculations showed the effects of environmental factors on the production of condensed sulphuric acid from VOC gas. A model of sulphuric acid formation and accumulation by the characteristics of VOC from crude oil and flue gas is suggested.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2016

This article reports a new chemical bath for preparing a mirror-like surface of AZ31 Mg alloy. In order to find an appropriate chemical polishing solution, four different acidic solutions of sulphuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid and a specially designed mixture of nitric acid and acetic acid were investigated in view of the changes in surface appearance, roughness and dissolution rate of AZ31 Mg alloy. The surface scales on AZ31 Mg alloy were readily removed by all the acidic solutions, but a reflective surface was produced only by etching in the specially designed solution, and only after a specific etching time. The surface roughness increased with etching time in sulphuric acid, nitric acid, and acetic acid, but it lowered after a specific etching time in the specially designed mixture of nitric acid and acetic acid. Dissolution rate of the alloy in the specially designed mixture of nitric acid and acetic acid appeared to be more than twice than that in separate nitric acid or acetic acid. In this work, we recommend the mirror-like surface of AZ31 Mg alloy obtained by polishing for an optimum time in a mixture of nitric acid and acetic acid for following surface finishings, chemical conversion coating, electroplating, electrophoretic painting and anodizing treatment.