• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.490-494
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• 2020

Sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆) is mostly used as a current-insulating medium in gas-insulated switchgears (GIS), owing to its excellent dielectric strength and arc-extinguishing performance. The global warming potential (GWP) of SF₆, however, is 23,900 times that of CO₂, and its life time in the atmosphere is 3,200 years. For these reasons, new eco-friendly gases to replace SF₆ are required. In this study, the partial discharge (PD) characteristics of green gas for grid (g³) and dry air (N₂/O₂) were analyzed to compare with those of SF₆. A PD electrode system was designed to simulate the protrusion defect in GISs and fabricated for experimentation. To compare the PD characteristics of each gas, the discharge inception voltage (DIV), discharge extinction voltage (DEV), discharge magnitude, discharge pulse number, and phase pattern were analyzed. Results from this study are expected to provide fundamental materials for the design of eco-friendly GISs.

• 전기의세계
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.45-48
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• 1978

A pressure dependence in the value of Es/p at a constant pd is observed in sulphur hexafluoride at pressures in excess of about one bar. This is explained in terms of the non-idealgas behavior of SF$_{6}$ which has a significant influence on the interpretation of electrical breakdown of this gas. The criterions for breakdown at low pressures and in the presence of rough electrodes are modified to allow this phenomeneon.n.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1999-2001
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• 2000

Impulse breakdown voltage characteristics of sulphur-hexafluoride/nitrogen ($SF_{6}-N_{2}$) mixtures were presented. The applied voltages were the positive and negative lightning impulse (1.2/44${\mu}s$) and oscillating impulse ($0.4{\mu}s$/2.08MHz) voltages. The predischarge current was observed to clarify the breakdown mechanism. The electrode system was consisted of plane to plane configuration with a needle-shaped protrusion whose length and diameter are 10mm and 1mm. The measurements were carried out at the gas pressure of mixtures up to 0.5MPa with nitrogen concentrations varying from 5 to 20%. The electrical breakdown in $SF_{6}-N_{2}$ mixtures develops with steplike pulses in leader mechanism. The minimum breakdown voltages for the negative lightning and oscillating impulse voltages were higher than those for the positive.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2013

Silicon carbide with aluminium oxide was used to remove the sulphur hexafluoride ($SF_6$) gas using microwave irradiation. The destruction and removal efficiencies (DREs) of $SF_6$ were studies as a function of various decomposition temperatures and microwave powers. The decomposition of $SF_6$ gas was analyzed using GC-TCD. XRD (X-ray powder diffraction) and XRF (X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer) were used to characterize the properties of aluminum oxide. DREs of $SF_6$ were increased as the microwave powers were increased. Additive aluminium oxide on SiC increased the removal efficiencies and decreased the decomposition temperature. The XRD results show that the ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ was transformed to ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ during $SF_6$ decomposition by microwave irradiation. It was found that the best material to control $SF_6$ was SiC with $Al_2O_3$ 30 wt% in consideration of microwave energy consumption and $SF_6$ decomposition rate.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1991년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.300-303
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• 1991

Sulphur-hexafluoride has extensively been used as an insulating gas of electric power equipment in substation for its high dielectric strength, non-toixity and non-flammable properties. But it is very expensive and is liquidizable under the condition of low temperature and high pressure. And it is very sensible to the locally high electric field strength. To resolve these problems, we studied 50% FOV and V-t characteristics of $SF_6-N_2$ mixtures under positive and negative lightning impulses using a 25mm rod-plane gap. 50% FOV of $SF_6-N_2$ 50% mixture was about 85% of pure $SF_6$ and it was known that $SF_6-N_2$ mixtures can be used as an economic substitution insulating gas for $SF_6$.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제49권9호
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• pp.533-540
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• 2000

Lightning impulse $(1.2/44[\mus])$ and damped oscillating impulse $(Osc./44[\mus])$ : 0.83[MHz]) breakdown characteristics in sulphur-hexafluoride/nitrogen (SF6-N2) mixtures were investigated. The predischarge currents were observed to clarify the breakdown mechanism. th experiments were carried out under nonuniform electric fields disturbed by a needle-shaped protrusion whose length and diameter are 10[mm] and 1[mm] at total gas pressure up to 0.5[MPa] with nitrogen concentrations varying from 5 to 20[%] in the mixture. The electrical breakdowns of SF6-N2 mixtures for both the positive and negative polarities develop with steplike pulses in leader mechanism and the breakdown voltage -time (V-t) characteristics were affected by the space charge. The voltage-time curves for the negative oscillating impulse voltage were extended over the longer time range. The minimum breakdown voltages for the negative lightning and oscillating impulse voltage were higher than those for the positive ones. in particular the positive breakdown voltages were independent of the gas pressure.

• 멤브레인
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2010

IPCC (Intergonvernmental Pane1 of Climate Change)에서 $CO_2$의 23,900배에 해당하는 지구온난화지수를 가진 $SF_6$ (Sulphur hexafluoride) 가스와 중전기 산업에서 아크 발생에 의해 생긴 $SF_6$의 주요 분해 부산물 중 하나이며 $CO_2$의 6,300배에 해당하는 지구온난화지수를 가진 $CF_4$ (Tetrafluoromethane) 가스의 배출에 대한 규제가 적극 검토되고 있다. 본 연구는 $O_2$, $CF_4$에 대한 $SF_6$의 분리 회수의 기초 연구로써, 상용화된 PSF (polysulfone), PC (tetra-bromo polycarbonate)와 PI (polyimide) 고분자 분리막을 사용하여 $O_2$, $CF_4$와 $SF_6$ 가스의 압력과 온도 변화에 따른 투과도 및 투과선택도 연구를 수행하였다. 압력 변화에 따른 $O_2$의 투과도는 PSF 중공사 분리막에서 압력 1.1 MPa일 때, 37.5 GPU로 가장 높게 나타났고, $SF_6$와 $CF_4$의 경우 압력 1.1 MPa에서 PC 중공사 분리막이 각각 2.7 GPU와 2.5 GPU로 가장 높은 투과플럭스를 나타냈다. 온도 변화에 따른 $O_2$의 투과플럭스는 막의 온도가 $45^{\circ}C$일 때 PSF 중공사 분리막이 41.2 GPU로 가장 높게 나타났고, $SF_6$와 $CF_4$는 막의 온도가 $25^{\circ}C$일 때, PC 중공사 분리막이 각각 2.4 GPU와 2.3 GPU로 가장 높은 투과플럭스를 나타냈다. 압력과 온도 변화에 따른 $O_2/SF_6$와 $CF_4/SF_6$의 투과선택도 결과, 높은 단일 기체 투과플럭스를 보인 PSF와 PC 중공사 분리막이 가장 낮은 투과선택도를 나타내고, 가장 낮은 투과플럭스를 보인 PI 중공사 분리막이 가장 높은 투과선택도를 나타냄을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.421-422
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• 2003

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), methane (CH$_4$), nitrous oxide ($N_2$O), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF$_{6}$), together with water vapour ($H_2O$) and ozone play an important role in determining the earth's climate. The primary cause of the enhancement of GHGs is the global use of fossil fuels to generate heat, power, and electricity for a growing world population, as well as the changes in the land use, especially for agriculture. In addition, biomass buring and biofuel emissions play major roles in the GHG emissions in the Asian region because they produce large amounts of carbon monoxide (CO), nonmethane volatile organic compounds(NMVOC), black carbon(BC) and other gases. (omitted)d)

• 한국조명전기설비학회지:조명전기설비
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.96-103
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• 1996

본 논문은 저자들에 위해 결정된 전자충돌단면적을 사용하여 몬테칼로 시뮬레이션 볼쯔만 방정식법에 의해 E/N:150∼180[Td] 범위에서 계산된 {{{{ { SF}_{ 6} }}}}가스의 전자수송 특성과 TOF법에서 구한 전자군 파라미터 값들을 나타냈다. 전자이동 속도 전자전력 또는 부착계숙, 종·횡방향 확산계수 등의 전자군 파라미터 값들은 E/N범위에서 실험치와 이론치가 일치하였다. 전자사태의 특성은 전자에너지의 비평형영역에서 고려되었다. 전자에너지 분포함수 는 평균에너지의 평형영역에 대하여 E/N:150∼180[Td]에서 해석하였다. 그 결과의 타당성은 TOF법에 의해 입증되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.1305-1318
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• 2007

On a global scale agriculture and in particular enteric fermentation in ruminants is reported to produce about one fourth (21 to 25%) of the total anthropogenic emissions of methane ($CH_4$). Methane is produced during the anaerobic fermentation of hydrolyzed dietary carbohydrates in the rumen and represents an energy loss to the host besides contributing to emissions of greenhouse gases into the environment. However, there appears to be uncertainty in the $CH_4$ estimation from livestock due to the limited availability of data to document the variability at the farm level and also due to the significant impact of diet on the enteric $CH_4$ production. The methane mitigation strategies require robust prediction of emissions from rumen. There are many methods available which would be suitable for measuring $CH_4$ produced from the various stages of animal production. However, several factors need to be considered in order to select the most appropriate technique like the cost, level of accuracy required and the scale and design of the experiments to be undertaken. Selection of any technique depends on the accuracy as each one has its advantages and disadvantages. Screening of mitigation strategies may be evaluated using individual animal before large-scale trials on groups of animals are carried out. In this review various methods for the estimation of methane production from ruminants as well as for the determination of methane production potential of ruminant feeds are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods starting from respiration chamber, ventilated hood, facemask, sulphur hexafluoride ($SF_6$) tracer technique, prediction equations and meteorological methods to in vitro methods are detailed.