• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2012

Particulate sulfate in $PM_{2.5}$, sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) and size-segregated aerosol particle number concentrations were measured at a site ($32^{\circ}19'N$, $129^{\circ}59'E$) on the southwestern Japan coast from 5 March to 10 April, 2010. Results show frequent episodic increases of sulfate and $SO_2$. Compared to the average concentration of sulfate $4.4{\pm}2.7\;{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ in the whole observation period, episodic sulfate reached $10.5-20.1\;{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$. The variation of sulfate always synchronized with aerosol particles in the size range of $0.1-0.5 {\mu}m$, indicating the episodic sulfate was a consequence of the increase of the sub-micron particles. $SO_2$ did not have remarkable increase in any episodes of sulfate increase. During the passage of low pressure systems which loaded Asian dust in postfrontal air, concentrated sulfate appeared right behind the front but before dust arrival, suggesting the dominance of dust-free particulate sulfate. Weather and backward trajectory analyses revealed that air parcels with high sulfate passed eastern and northeastern China or Korean peninsula before arriving at the site. In contrast, those with high $SO_2$ passed an active volcano, Mt. Sakurajima, about 100 km in the south, suggesting the $SO_2$ was more likely from the volcanic emission. The ratio of sulfate to total sulfur compounds $({SO_4}^{2-})/({SO_4}^{2-}+SO_2)$ was 0.31-0.89 in continentally originated air while was 0.25-0.43 in the air having passed the volcano, showing more efficient conversions of $SO_2$ to sulfate in the air from the continent. The close dependence of the conversion on humidity in the continentally originated air was confirmed.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 1999

고추냉이 동계가온 밭재배시 allylNCS함량을 증대시키기 위하여 allylNCS함량과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 알려져 있는 $SO_4^{2-}$을 함유한 함황비료를 토양과 엽면에 시비하여 생육특성, 식물체 총 황함량 및 allylNCS함량과의 관계를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 생육 정체기인 월동기간동안의 가온재배로 평균기온 $14{\sim}16^{\circ}C$, 지온 $13{\sim}16^{\circ}C$로 적정 생육온도의 범위를 유지할 수 있었으며, 함황비료의 토양시용으로 토양중의 황함량은 $82.6{\sim}127.4%$까지 증가되었고 토양 pH는 황분말에서 최저 2.8까지 저하되었다. 함황비료의 처리가 지상부 및 지하부의 생육에 미치는 영향에서는 함황비료 처리로 본엽수는 감소되고 측엽수는 증가하는 경향이였으며, 근중은 황산가리 엽면시비구가 가장 양호하였고 근경중등에서는 처리간 차이가 없었다. 식물체내 총황함량은 엽면시비구 보다는 토양시용구에서 높은 경향이였고, allylNCS함량은 황분말 토양시용구에서 지상부 194%, 근경 23%의 증대효과가 있었다. 지상부의 allylNCS함량은 지상부, 근, 근경의 총 황함량과 유의한 정의 상관을 보였으며, 근경의 allylNCS함량은 지상부의 총 황함량, allylNCS함량 및 근경의 총 황함량과 유의한 정의 상관을 보였으나 분주수와는 유의한 부의 상관을 나타냈다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2003

In 15 schools where were chosen each location (East, West, South, North, Central) of Seoul area, 9 items were measured such as thermo circumstance(temperature, relative humidity, air current, intensity of illumination) particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide being based on the school indoor environment standard. It was showed that indoor temperature, relative humidity and air movement were suitable in comparison with school indoor environment standard. Intensity of illumination was suitable in comparison with all schools, only exception 2 schools. In all investigated schools were adequate for carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, in which each indoor environment standard (10ppw, 0.25ppm/hr, 0.15ppm/hr), but in 5 schools the carbon dioxide were exceeded for standard limit 1,000ppm of Korea. Indoor concentration of dust(PM-10) induced from respiration dust the standard of Korea ($150{\mu}g/m^3$) at all schools.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 1985

The pinus trees planted by the road in the Seoul -Suwen high-way was surveyed on the damages due to air pollution during April and May in 1984. The results were as follows ; The concentration of SO$_2$was ranged from 0.003 to 0.05ppm, NOx from 0.03 to 0.1ppm and the amount of dust fall, from 10 to 110ton/km$^2$/month. While the concentrations of gaseous pollutants such as SO$_2$and NOx were notsignificantly different in the type of road and with in the distence of 20 meters from the road the dust falls were decreased as remoted from the road. The tissue damages of leaves were determined by the microscopic observation. The higher concentration of dust fall on the leaf, the more severe damage observed in the stomata. The attached dust of the leaves were ranged from 1l to 75mg/g of leaf, and those were significantly incereased as near from road. The sulfur contents of leaves were measured at 0.15g/100g of leaf in the 5 meters located and at 0.064g/100g of leaf in the 20 meters, and the lead contents, 45ug/g of leaf in the 5 meters and 24ug/g in the 15 meters. The appearent damages of plant were very much corelated to the attached dusts of leaves the sulfur contents and the amount of dust fall, and the multiple regression analysis between the damages and factors of air pollution were under taken. As increment of vehicle in future, the air Pollution was predicted and the plant damages were estimated.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.370-374
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• 2001

The degree of iron recovery from dust agglomerates was investigated experimentally to determine the optimum mixing ratio of coke in cold bonded pellet(CBP) which is fed into electric arc furnace(EAE) in the minimill plant. From the XRD analysis for EAF dust, magnetite(Fe$_3$O$_4$) and franklinite(ZnFe$_2$O$_4$) was identified as major components. Maximum iron recovery was obtained for the solid carbon content of approximately 18 weight percent. From plant trials of CBP composed of this optimal mixing condition, it was observed that electric power consumption and sulfur content increased with increasing the quantity of CBP.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.343-343
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• 2002

This study examines the influence of long-range transport of dust particles and air pollutants on both local/regional DMS oxidation chemistry and the distribution of sulfur compounds at Jeju Island (33.17$^{\circ}$ N. 126.10$^{\circ}$ E) during the Asian dust-storm(ADS) period in April 2001. The atmospheric concentrations of these sulfur species were measured at a ground station on Jeju Island. Korea as Part of the ACE-Asia intensive operation. Three ADS events were observed during the periods of 10-12, 13-14. and 25-26 April. respectively. The concentrations of DMS and CS$_2$ were higher during the ADS period than during the non-Asian-dust-storm (NADS) period. Conversely. a difference in SO$_2$ levels during the ADS period was not distinguishable from those during the NADS period. The diurnal variation pattern of DMS observed was largely different from that in the remote marine boundary layer. DMS loss by NO$_3$ in the atmospheric boundary layer was dominant due to significantly high NOx levels influenced by the long-range transport of pollutants from East Asia to Jeju Island The DMS maximum during the ADS period was observed in the late afternoon. The oceanic fluxes of DMS during the ADS and NADS periods were estimated to be 5.7$\pm$2.3 and 2.9 (+2.8/-1.5) mole m$^{-2}$ day$^{-1}$ . respectively. The contribution of oxidized DMS to SO$_2$ levels at Jeju Island during the study period was found to be insignificant.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.168-180
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• 2011

The variation of the physicochemical properties of atmospheric aerosols in coexistence of the heavy Asian Dust and Haze observed from $15^{th}$ to $17^{th}$ March 2009 in Seoul was scrutinized through the mass and ion concentration observations and synoptic weather analysis. Although the ratio of PM1.0/PM10 was constant at 0.3 (which is typical during Asian Dust period in Korea) during the measurement period, both PM10 and PM1.0 mass concentrations were 3~6 times and 2~4 times higher than that of clear days, respectively. Water-soluble ion components accounted for 30~50% of PM10 and 50~70% of PM1.0 mass concentration. One of the secondary pollutants, $NO_3^-$ was found to be associated with $Ca^{2+}$ and $Na^+$ in coarse mode indicating that the aerosol derived from natural source was affected by anthropogenic pollutants. While the acidity of the aerosols increased in fine mode when the stagnation of weather patterns was the strongest (March $16^{th}$), the alkalinity increased in coarse mode when new air masses arrived with a southwestern wind after ending a period of stagnation (March $17^{th}$). In the selected case, SOR (Sulfur Oxidation Ratio, $nSO_4^{2-}/[nSO_4^{2-}+nSO_2]$) and NOR (Nitrogen Oxidation Ratio, $nNO_3^-/[nNO_3^-+nNO_2]$) values of ion components were higher than the general values during Asian Dust period. These results imply that dust aerosols could be mixed with pollutants transported from China even in heavy Asian Dust cases in Korea.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2009

This study aimed at assessing the association between exposure to severe air pollution in the past and the subsequent transition in lung cancer mortality among persons who lived in an industrial city. Vital statistics from 1983 to 2006 and the data on air pollution measurements from 1960 to 1990 in Amagasaki City, Japan, were used. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for lung cancer and the air pollution levels in 6 wards of Amagasaki City. The associations between changes in air pollution levels and the annual SMRs were also evaluated in the light of a potential latency period. The levels of air pollution were extremely high in the 1960s, and they decreased since 1970. The SMRs for lung cancer in 1989-1993 among females for 6 wards were significantly associated with the amounts of both sulfur oxides and dust fall in the past for each ward. The positive associations were observed between the annual SMRs among females and the amounts of both pollutants when the lag time of 20-30 years was taken into account. These results suggest that severe air pollution in the 1960s in an industrial city affected the subsequent increase in lung cancer mortality.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2021

본 논문은 사물인터넷 국제 표준 oneM2M을 활용하여 미세먼지(PM10)와 초미세먼지(PM2.5) 측정 플랫폼을 이동식과 고정식으로 설계하였다. 미세먼지 측정 플랫폼은 미세먼지 측정 디바이스, 에이전트, oneM2M 플랫폼, oneM2M IPE, 모니터링 시스템으로 구성하고 설계하였다. 이동식과 고정식의 주요 차이는 이동식은 LTE 연결을 기반으로 사각지대 없이 디바이스와 서비스간에 상호연결을 위해 MQTT 프로토콜을 사용하였고, 고정식은 저전력과 넓은 통신범위를 가진 LoRaWAN 프로토콜을 사용하였다. 미세먼지뿐만 아니라 일상생활과 연관된 온도, 습도, 대기압, 휘발성 유기화합물(VOC), 일산화탄소(CO), 아황산가스(SO2), 이산화질소(NO2), 소음 데이터를 수집하였다. 수집된 센서 값들은 에이전트와 oneM2M IPE를 통해 oneM2M이 제공해주는 공통 API를 활용하여 관리하였고, AE, container 등 4가지 리소스 타입으로 설계하였다. 미세먼지 측정 플랫폼 설계를 통해 동작성, 유연성, 편의성, 안전성, 개방성, 확장성의 6가지 기능을 해석하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.723-733
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• 2011

The ionic compositions were analyzed from the TSP samples collected at Gosan site in Jeju Island between 2000 and 2008, in order to examine the characteristics of atmospheric aerosols in accordance with the meteorological conditions. For the Asian Dust influence on the ionic compositions, the concentration ratios of $NH_4{^+}$, nss-${SO_4}^{2-}$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $K^+$ were about 1.2~2.3 during Asian Dust over Non-Asian Dust periods, noticeably that of nss-$Ca^{2+}$ was 6.8. Meanwhile the concentrations of nss-${SO_4}^{2-}$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $NH_4{^+}$ have increased as 1.8~4.4 times during the haze event periods, and 1.0~1.6 times during the fog and mist events. The ion balance has resulted that the anionic concentrations are relatively lower than the cationic concentrations, and the discrepancy appears more decidedly as a strong Asian Dust effect. The ammonium ion balance has shown that it exists as a mixture of $NH_4HSO_4$ and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$. The concentration ratios of nss-${SO_4}^{2-}/NO_3{^-}$ for Asian Dust, haze, fog-mist, and non-event periods were respectively 1.8, 5.9, 4.6, and 2.9, which were higher values compared to those in urban areas of China as well as other domestic regions. Especially, the high ratios of sulfur oxides could be presumed by the fact that the longrange transport of air pollutants from Asia continent might affect the atmospheric aerosols of Jeju Island.