• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to compare the differences between decoctions extracted by different extraction conditions. Methods : Two different decoctions were prepared with pressured or non-pressured extraction conditions for 60, 120 and 180min. The yields of extracts, sugar contents, hydrogen ion concentrations(pH), the contents of reference compounds and individual preferences on Ssanghwa-tang(Shuanghe-tang) were investigated. Results : As extraction time increased, individual preferences for decoctions by pressured extraction tended to increase more than those by non-pressured extraction, and the yields and sugar contents of both decoctions showed the tendency of increase. The pH values of decoctions in pressured conditions were lower than those in non-pressured conditions in all extraction times and both extraction conditions showed decreasing pH values according to increase of extraction times. Of the reference compounds, paeoniflorin showed higher contents in non-pressured conditions than in pressured conditions and the contents of cinnamaldehyde were always lower in non-pressured conditions than in pressured conditions at all time. Conclusions : The decoctions of Ssanghwa-tang(Shuanghe-tang) extracted by pressured or non-pressured extraction for 60, 120, 180min exhibited different individual preferences, yields of extracts, sugar contents, pH, reference compounds contents.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

To get the information of flue-cured leaf, the chemical constituents, quality indices, leaf color and the effects of climatic factors on the physicochemical properties of leaf produced from 2000 to 2004 crop years at 6 growing areas were analysed. The average leaf chemical contents for 5 years were as follows ; nicotine 2.22%, total sugar 28.0%, total nitrogen 1.89%, ether extracts 6.37% and chlorine 0.38%. The nicotine and total nitrogen contents were low while the total sugar were high as compared with KT&G recommended contents(nicotine ; $2.5{\sim}3.0%$, total nitrogen; $2.0{\sim}2.5%$, total sugar ; below 25.0%). The variations of physicochemical properties among crop years were high while those of growing areas relatively low. The nicotine content of leaf was negatively correlated to the rainfalls in June and July sugar content was negatively correlated to the average air temperature in June and July according to crop years. The orange colored leaves were produced under the drought and long sunshine weather condition while the lemon colored leaves were produced under the contrary condition according to crop years. Blending the different crop year's leaves in the proper way may be beneficial to produce of uniform and consistent cigarettes. It is considered that the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer or improving of nitrogen uptake may be available to increase the nicotine and nitrogen and decrease the total sugar contents of flue-cured leaf tobacco.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2010년도 정기총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.16-16
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• 2010

Ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is reported to have many pharmaceutical activities. The minor ginsenosides(Rd, Rg3, Rh2 and compound K) display pharmaceutical properties superior to those of the major ginsenosides. These minor ginsenosides, which contribute a very small percentage, are produced by hydrolysis of the sugar moieties of the major ginsenosides. The pH of red ginseng extracts fermented with S. cerevisiae and S. carlsbergensis decreased rapidly during 3 days of fermentation, with no further significant change thereafter. After 20 days of fermentation, a relatively small difference remained in the acidity of extracts fermented with S. cerevisiae (0.54%) and S. carlsbergensis (0.58%). Reducing sugar in the S. cerevisiae and S. carlsbergensis extracts decreased from 25.86 to 4.54 mg/ml and 4.32 mg/ml glucose equivalents, respectively; and ethanol contents increased from 1.5% at day 0 to 16.0 and 15.0%, respectively, at 20 days. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Re, Rf, and Rg1 decreased during the fermentation with S. cerevisiae, but Rd and Rg3 increased by 12 days. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Re and Rg1 decreased gradually in the extract with S. carlsbergensis, but Rd and Rg3 were increased at 6 days and 9 days.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.882-887
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• 2015

본 연구는 미나리의 최적 추출 조건을 확립하기 위해 다양한 에탄올추출 농도가 미나리의 영양학적 성분 변화에 미치는 정도를 관찰함으로써 진행되었다. 본 실험에서는 열수추출물, 에탄올추출물(50%, 80%, 95%)로 추출 농도를 다르게 하여 미나리를 추출하였다. 수율을 측정한 결과 50% 에탄올 추출물에서 44.67%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 일반성분 분석 결과, 50% 에탄올추출물에서 단백질 함량이 6.76%, 탄수화물 함량이 19.60%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 지방 함량은 열수추출물과 비교하여 에탄올추출물에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 에탄올추출 농도에 따라 유의차가 있었다 (P<0.05). 식이섬유를 측정한 결과, 50% 에탄올추출물을 제외한 에탄올추출물(80%, 95%)에서 열수추출물과 유의차가 나타났으며(P<0.05), 두 실험군 간에도 유의적 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 총당 함량을 측정한 결과, 열수추출물에 대해 에탄올추출물은 통계적 유의차가 있었고(P<0.05), 에탄올 농도에 따라서도 유의차를 나타냈으며(P<0.05), 95% 에탄올추출 시 5.35%로 가장 낮게 측정되었다. 비타민 A 함량은 열수추출물에 대해 에탄올추출물이 유의하게 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 에탄올추출 농도에 따라 유의차가 있었다(P<0.05). 무기성분 측정 결과, 나트륨, 칼슘, 철의 경우 열수추출물에 대해 에탄올추출물이 유의하게 감소하였고(P<0.05), 에탄올추출 농도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 따라서 에탄올추출 방법을 사용 목적에 따라 적용함으로써 미나리를 이용한 우수한 가공식품 개발 가능성과 이용률 향상에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 증숙 맥문동을 첨가한 쿠키의 품질 특성 및 관능적 특성을 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 분석하여 저칼로리 쿠키의 개발 가능성을 검토하고자 하였다. 증숙 맥문동 열수추출물, 버터 및 설탕의 함량을 독립변수로 하고 17가지의 쿠키를 제조하여 쿠키의 특성을 분석한 결과 독립변수에 따라서 반죽의 퍼짐성, 쿠키의 당도, 색도, 경도 및 색, 조직감, 단맛, 외관, 전반적인 기호도와 관련된 관능적 특성이 유의적으로 변화하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 설탕의 사용은 최소로 하면서 쿠키의 품질 특성 및 관능 특성에 대한 반응변수의 값을 최대로 나타낼 수 있는 배합비를 분석한 결과 당류 저감화를 위한 최적의 배합비는 증숙 맥문동 열수추출물 6.84 g, 버터 47.20 g, 설탕 36.02 g으로 나타났다. 최적화된 배합비를 토대로 증숙 맥문동 열수추출물이 첨가되지 않은 대조군과 품질 특성 및 관능적 특성을 비교한 결과, 당도는 유의적으로 감소하였으나 관능평가 항목의 단맛은 유의적인 차이가 나지 않으면서 나머지의 관능평가 항목은 유의적으로 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 증숙 맥문동의 활용할 경우 당류 저감화를 위한 다양한 제품의 개발에 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권5
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• pp.549-557
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• 2005

Effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (AS) on blood sugar content and serum lipid profiles of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Experimental groups were classified into four groups, that is, normal control (NC) group, diabetic mellitus (DM) group, AS-fed group and DMAS-fed group. The AS group showed lower feed efficiency than the NC group, but the efficiency of DMAS group was higher than DM group. DMAS group showed the decreased water intake and urine by $45.5\%$ and $23.7\%$ respectively, compared with DM group. Compared with DM group, DMAS group decreased blood sugar by $46.9\%$ and triglyceride by $17.8\%$, total cholesterol by $10.0\%$ and LDL cholesterol by $22.0\%$ in serum, but increased serum HDL cholesterol by $14.4\%$ The relative percentage of liver or kidney per body weight, and the serum ALT activity in DMAS group were lower than those of DM group. There were no significant differences in hepatic glutathione(GSH) contents and total xanthine oxidase(XOD) activities among experimental groups. The hepatic lipid peroxide(LPO) content in DMAS group decreased by $54.6\%$ compared with that in DM group. The XOD (O type) and the ratio of O type to total type of both STZ-treated groups (DM and DMAS) were higher than those of NC group, but less conversion of D to O type was observed in DMAS group than in DM group. There was no significant difference in GST activity between NC and AS, but STZ-treated groups showed lower glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity than NC. In conclusion, it seems that AS reduces blood sugar by inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase type O as an oxygen-free radical generating system which induces the tissue damage. Antidiabetic effect of AS may regulate diabetes-induced high lipid profiles in blood.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.332-340
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of makgeolli that was produced by using different percentages (control, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9% by rice weight) of Angelica gigas Nakai water extracts during fermentation at $25^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Yeast cell count in makgeolli steadily increased and showed the highest value at day 4 of fermentation, since then, the count decreased consistently. The final alcohol contents were higher than 15% in all samples. Soluble contents and antioxidation activity were significantly increased in percentage as Angelica water extracts increased (p<0.05). As the amount of Angelica water extracts increased, total polyphenol contents increased as well. Soluble contents and total polyphenol contents were increased according to the fermentation period. Total acidity increased up to day 3, but slowly decreased afterwards. However, the pH rapidly decreased by day 3, but then increased steadily. Reducing sugar amount was increased sharply by day 2 of fermentation and then, diminished gradually. Hunter's color value was not significantly different among samples however, they were significantly different between day 2 samples of fermentation and day 3 or more samples (p<0.05). In sensory evaluations, the sample produced using 5% Angelica water extracts received the highest score in herbal flavor, herbal taste, sourness, sweetness, and overall acceptance. Makgeolli using Angelica gigas Nakai water extracts showed excellent characteristics in antioxidative activity and higher total polyphenol content. Makgeolli produced using 5% Angelica water extracts received the highest score in sensory evaluation. Therefore, makgeolli produced using 5% Angelica water extracts was considered to be the most suitable for manufacturing makgeolli.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 1995

인삼추출물의 품질은 유효성분인 사포닌의 함량뿐만 아니라 추출물의 물리성 및 색도도 주요한 요인이다. 따라서 년근별 원료삼에서 추출한 추출물의 사포닌함량, 물리성 및 색도를 조사함으로써, 인삼추출물 제조시 우량원료삼을 선택을 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 원료삼의 년수가 증가할수록 추출물 중의 전당 및 sucrose의 함량과 추출물의 수율은 증가하였으나 조saponin함량은 년근 간에 유의성이 없었다. 조회분함량은 4년근의 추출물에서 가장 많았으며, 5년근의 추출물에서 가장 낮았다. 또한 인삼추출물의 탁도는 인삼근의 년수가 증가할수록 감소되었으나, 점도는 년근별 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 갈변반응의 중간생성물의 흡광도는 인삼근의 년수가 증가할수록 감소되었으며, 5년근 추출물의 명도 및 황색도가 가장 높았다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2020

In this study, the validity of extracts from food waste as biocatalyst for indigo reduction was examined. Dried food wastes such as apple peel and corn waste were water-extracted and freeze-dried. The reducing power of extracts for indigo was evaluated by the oxidation-reduction potential(ORP) measurement of reduction bath and color strength(K/S value) of the fabrics dyed in the indigo reduction bath. Total sugar contents of the apple peel and corn waste extracts were 60.56% and 62.36%, respectively. Antioxidant activity was 64.78% for the extract of apple peel and 7.96% for the extract of corn waste. Indigo reduction took place quickly with both extracts, and maximum color strength was obtained up to 15.91 and 12.11 within 1-3 days, respectively. The oxidation-reduction potential of reduction bath was stabilized in the range of -500 ~ -620 mV according to the kinds of food waste and the extract concentration. At higher concentration of the extracts, reduction power was maintained for longer time and stronger color strength was obtained. Compared to sodium dithionite, the reducing power of the studied extracts was lower, but the reduction stability was superior to it. The studied extracts were effective biocatalyst as biodegradable and safe alternatives to sodium dithionite for indigo reduction.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.91-95
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• 1998

추출조건에 따른 지골피의 몇가지 물리적 성질 및 화학성분조성을 조사하였다. 1. 고형분과 총당함량은 물추출이 에탄올 추출물보다 높았으나 반면에 탄닌산함량은 에탄올 추출물에서 높았다. 2. 지골피 물추출물이 탁도와 갈색도가 에탄올추출물보다 높았으며 색도 중 적도와 황색도는 유사하였다. 3. 용매별 분획추출결과 수율은 물 > n-부탄올 > 에틸에텔 > 초산에 틸 분획순으로 증가하였다.